Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids to Predict Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rocío Puig, Marina Idalia Rojo-López, Josep Julve, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Julia Ponomarenko, Susana Amézqueta, Joan Vendrell, Josep Franch-Nadal, Josep Lluís Torres, Dídac Mauricio, Sara Ramos-Romero","doi":"10.3390/nu17183003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Gut microbiota is profoundly influenced by dysglycemic states, including prediabetes (preDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may serve as proxies reflecting these microbial changes, their predictive role remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fecal SCFA concentrations and glycemic status (preDM and T2D), using individuals with normoglycemia (NonDM) as the reference group in a Mediterranean adult population. <b>Methods:</b> This study included a total of 88 participants from the Di@bet.es study who were classified into three groups according to the American Diabetes Association criteria: NonDM (45%), preDM (27%), and T2D (28%), respectively. We evaluated gut microbiota populations through massive sequencing and determined SCFAs concentration using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adjusted multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between SCFAs and metabolic status. <b>Results</b>: The mean age of subjects with preDM and T2D was approximately 68 years, older than that of NonDM participants (about 60 years). About 50% of the subjects in the NonDM and preDM groups were female, whereas in the T2D group, females represented about 25%. The analysis revealed that only fecal acetic acid was significantly reduced in T2D compared to NonDM (<i>p</i> = 0.036) and preDM (<i>p</i> = 0.018) groups. Remarkably, fecal acetic acid was negatively associated with T2D risk when taking preDM as the reference state (OR = 0.561 [95% CI: 0.371-0.846], <i>p</i> = 0.009). Intriguingly, fecal acetic acid was identified as a significant positive predictor of preDM risk, taking the NonDM group as reference (OR = 1.422; <i>p</i> = 0.028), while propionic acid was inversely associated with preDM (OR = 0.714; <i>p</i> = 0.028). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our analysis showed that fecal acetic acid levels were associated with a reduced risk of T2D but also with an increased risk of preDM; however, the biological relevance of these findings remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Behavioral Change Communication and Livestock Feed Intervention on Dietary Practices in a Kenyan Pastoral Community: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nyamai Mutono, Josphat Muema, Zipporah Bukania, Irene Kimani, Erin Boyd, Immaculate Mutua, George Gacharamu, Francis Wambua, Anita Makori, Joseph Njuguna, Christine Jost, Abdal Monium Osman, Darana Souza, Guy H Palmer, Jonathan Yoder, S M Thumbi","doi":"10.3390/nu17182997","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low dietary diversity is a key driver of undernutrition and remains a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the effect of nutritional counselling and the provision of livestock feed, aimed at sustaining milk production during dry periods, on the dietary diversity of women and children in a pastoralist setting. <b>Methods:</b> A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among households in Laisamis subcounty, north-eastern Kenya, which were assigned to one of three arms: (1) an intervention arm providing livestock feed during critically dry periods, (2) an intervention arm providing livestock feed plus enhanced nutritional counselling (provided once a week, covering topics including hygiene and sanitation, breastfeeding, maternal nutrition, immunization and complementary feeding) or (3) a control arm. The dietary diversity of mothers and children was assessed every six weeks over two years. Panel difference-in-difference regression models were used to estimate intervention effects on dietary outcomes including child minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum acceptable diet (MAD), women's dietary diversity (MDD-W) and food security. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1734 households participated (639 in arm 1, 585 in arm 2, and 510 in the control arm). The provision of livestock feed alone had significant gains in child MAD (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08-1.34), child MDD (OR 1.15; 1.11-1.20), and MDD-W (OR 1.10; 1.01-1.19) whereas combined livestock feed with counselling, reduced child food poverty (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.99), increased child MAD (OR 1.39; 1.22-1.52), and improved MDD-W (OR 1.21; 1.16-1.28) relative to control. Neither intervention increased child minimum meal frequency relative to control. Purchasing livestock was associated with higher odds of meeting dietary-diversity indicators but a lower meal frequency (OR 0.80; 0.80-0.90); in contrast, cash-transfer receipt was linked to reduced odds of achieving child MDD (OR 0.90; 0.87-0.94), child MAD (OR 0.95; 0.85-0.97), and women's MDD (OR 0.73; 0.54-0.89). <b>Conclusions:</b> Livestock feed provision sustains milk consumption and improves dietary diversity in pastoralist populations. When combined with nutritional counselling, these interventions strengthen the link between animal and human health, with important implications for food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Decline in Adults with Non-Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.","authors":"Maria Inês Barros, Teresa Brandão, Susana Couto Irving, Paula Alves, Filomena Gomes, Marta Correia","doi":"10.3390/nu17183002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>As global aging accelerates, prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to rise, challenging healthcare systems and diminishing older adults' quality of life. There is great interest in better understanding the neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids but the results from many published studies in humans come to different conclusions. This review aims to clarify the efficacy of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for cognitive health and to inform future clinical recommendations within aging populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines and a registered PROSPERO protocol, we reviewed systematic reviews (SRs) from 2014 to 2024 assessing exclusive <i>n</i>-3 fatty acid supplementation and cognitive outcomes via MMSE. Data were extracted on intervention details and cognitive scores. Meta-analyses used fixed and random-effects models, with Hedges' estimating overall impact. Quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and statistical analyses were performed (SPSS 28).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nine SRs incorporating 14 RCTs were included, representing 26,881 participants aged 40 years or older. The pooled random-effects meta-analysis showed a statistically significant but modest improvement in MMSE scores (effect size: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.01-0.32). Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 42.8%), and no publication bias was detected. Further analyses revealed no significant associations between treatment duration or dosage and cognitive outcomes, suggesting a threshold effect rather than a dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support n3-PUFA supplementation as a complementary approach to lifestyle-based strategies for cognitive health, including diet, physical activity, sleep optimization, and cognitive training. While benefits appear modest, consistent effects across studies warrant further high-quality research and well-designed studies to strengthen clinical recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Multi-Dimensional Sleep Health and Breakfast Skipping in Japanese High School Students.","authors":"Suzune Nagao, Yuh Sasawaki, Hitoshi Inokawa, Nobuko Kitagawa, Naoyuki Takashima, Kazuhiro Yagita","doi":"10.3390/nu17183005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Breakfast skipping has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including metabolic disorders, disrupted circadian rhythm, and impairments of memory and attention in adolescents and adults. Although partial associations between sleep and breakfast behaviors have been reported, few studies have examined multi-dimensional sleep health simultaneously in relation to breakfast skipping, especially comprehensive studies systematically examining this relationship, particularly under controlled social conditions, remain insufficient. <b>Methods</b>: We here demonstrate the association between sleep health and breakfast skipping among 2969 Japanese high school students. Participants provided between one and eight days of sleep diary data, including meal timing records; most (78.1%) completed all eight days, while the remainder contributed fewer days. Additionally, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) was used to evaluate daytime sleepiness. <b>Results</b>: Later wake-up times, lower sleep quality, and stronger daytime sleepiness were each associated with a higher likelihood of breakfast skipping. In additional analyses, no significant pairwise interactions were detected among wake-up time, PSQI, and PDSS, suggesting that these factors may be separately associated with breakfast skipping. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that multi-dimensional sleep health, including wake-up time, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness, is relevant to breakfast skipping. This study offers a novel contribution by linking multiple downstream indicators influenced by sleep health to breakfast behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Amino Acids That Regulate Angiogenesis and Alter Pathogenesis of a Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization.","authors":"Chenchen Li, Jiawen Wu, Yingke Zhao, Jing Zhu, Xinyu Zhu, Yan Chen, Jihong Wu","doi":"10.3390/nu17183006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Metabolic stress from amino acid (AA) insufficiency is increasingly linked to pathological angiogenesis, but specific essential AA (EAA) roles remain undefined. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of blindness driven by aberrant ocular neovascularization, has limited efficacy with current VEGFA-targeting therapies. We sought to identify specific EAAs that regulate pathological angiogenesis and dissect their mechanisms to propose new therapeutic strategies. <b>Methods</b>: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs) were used to identify angiogenesis-regulating amino acids through systematic EAA screening. The molecular mechanism was investigated using shRNA-mediated knockdown of key stress response regulators (HRI, PKR, PERK, GCN2) and ATF4. Angiogenesis was assessed via tubule formation and migration assays. Therapeutic potential was examined in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model, evaluated by fluorescein angiography and histomorphometry. <b>Results</b>: Deprivation of methionine, lysine, and threonine potently induced capillary-like tube formation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Mechanistically, restriction of these three EAAs activated HRI and GCN2 kinases, converging on eIF2α phosphorylation to induce ATF4 and its target VEGFA. Dual, but not single, knockdown of HRI and GCN2 abolished eIF2α-ATF4 signaling and angiogenic responses. Restricting these EAAs exacerbated CNV area in mice. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings reveal a coordinated HRI/GCN2-ATF4-VEGFA axis linking EAA scarcity to vascular remodeling, establishing proof-of-concept for targeting this pathway in CNV. This work highlights the therapeutic potential of modulating specific AA availability or targeting the HRI/GCN2-ATF4 axis to treat CNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> Fermentation of Lophatheri Herba Elevates SCFAs and Transforms Flavonoids to Fortify the Gut Barrier via Microbiota Remodeling in Mice.","authors":"Xin Ma, Jiaxuan Chen, Rui Chen, Wenjiao Liang, Rui Huang, Lishiyuan Tang, Lichun Qian","doi":"10.3390/nu17182996","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lophatheri Herba, a traditional East Asian herb with documented food uses, contains bioactive flavonoids. This study investigated how <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> fermentation modifies its short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and metabolome, and evaluated the fermented product's impact on intestinal barrier function in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fermented leaf extracts were analyzed via GC-MS/LC-MS for SCFAs and metabolites. Forty-eight mice were divided into control (standard diet) and three experimental groups (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day fermented product). After a 4-week intervention, duodenal morphology, colonic cytokines (IL-6/IL-1β), and cecal microbiota were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified significant SCFAs optimization. Significantly increased: acetic acid; butyric acid (<i>p</i> < 0.001); isobutyric acid (<i>p</i> < 0.01); isovaleric acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant change: propionic acid and isohexanoic acid. Significantly decreased: valeric acid and hexanoic acid (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Metabolomic remodeling showed (i) flavonoid pathway activation and (ii) key metabolite upregulation (daidzein, 4,7-dihydroxyflavone, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, aloe-emodin, soyasapogenol M1, etc.). Gut function peaked at 100 mg/kg with 18% higher duodenal villus height (<i>p</i> < 0.05), improved villus/crypt ratio, and reduced IL-6/IL-1β. Probiotic taxa including Lactobacillus, unclassified f__Lachnospiraceae, Dubosiella, and Monoglobus increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fermented Lophatheri Herba protects gut health through synergistic SCFAs optimization, flavonoid enrichment, and probiotic proliferation, supporting its potential as a microbiota-targeting functional food ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Successful Weight Restoration in the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Dennis Gibson, Millie Plotkin, Marina Foster, Philip S Mehler","doi":"10.3390/nu17182998","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Treatment for superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome can include either weight restoration (conservative management) or surgical intervention, with the latter recommended when individuals fail conservative management. However, reasons for failure of conservative management are poorly understood. This systematic review seeks to better understand predictors of treatment outcomes for malnourished individuals with SMA syndrome, specifically regarding weight restoration and behavioral health intervention, and to better understand why individuals fail conservative management. <b>Methods:</b> Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles that assessed treatment interventions for SMA syndrome in malnourished individuals. <b>Results:</b> Seventy-three articles (n = 189 malnourished individuals with SMA syndrome) were included in the final review. Most of the articles (n = 57) had an increased risk of bias as the amount of weight gain with treatment was not explicitly defined and thus the attribution of outcome for \"failure\" of conservative management could not be ascribed. Modest weight gain (mean 5.64 kg [12.1% body weight increase] or 1.3 kg/m² body mass index increase [9.4% increase in ideal body weight]) was associated with positive outcomes of conservative management. Psychological care also positively impacted treatment outcomes, especially for individuals with comorbid psychiatric conditions. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients who achieve even modest weight gain have resolution of their SMA-related symptoms without a need for surgical intervention. Psychological treatment should be included for any patient struggling to achieve adequate weight restoration, with subsequent improved outcomes, given the high frequency of comorbid mental health illnesses, especially eating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Nutrition for Public Health.","authors":"Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, Agata Kotowska","doi":"10.3390/nu17183004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public health-understood as both a science and a practice aimed at preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health-has become one of the most critical domains of institutional action, shaped by both nation-states and international organizations [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Alberto Castagna, Yvelise Ferro, Francesca Rita Noto, Rossella Bruno, Analucia Aragao Guimaraes, Carmelo Pujia, Elisa Mazza, Samantha Maurotti, Tiziana Montalcini, Arturo Pujia","doi":"10.3390/nu17183000","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a naturally fermented beverage with potential metabolic health benefits; however, its effects on weight loss remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of ACV on anthropometric measurements in adults. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL up to March 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥18 years) evaluating the effects of ACV for ≥4 weeks on body composition parameters. Primary outcomes included changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and other anthropometric measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool. <b>Results:</b> Out of 2961 reports screened, 10 RCTs comprising a total of 789 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled results using a random-effects model showed that daily ACV intake significantly reduced body weight [SMD: -0.39; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.15; <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 62%], BMI [SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.26; <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 83%], and WC [SMD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.02; <i>p</i> = 0.04; <i>I</i>² = 61%]. However, no significant effects of ACV were observed on the other body composition parameters analyzed. Sensitivity analyses excluding high-risk-of-bias studies confirmed the robustness of ACV's beneficial effects on body weight and BMI. Subgroup analyses suggested that ACV consumption significantly improved anthropometric parameters when administered for up to 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 mL/day, and in adults who were overweight, obese, or had type 2 diabetes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that ACV supplementation may be a promising and accessible adjunctive strategy for short-term weight management in adults with excess body weight or metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 6-Shogaol Derived from Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) on Dual-Species Biofilm Formation by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Eun-Ha Jung, Geelsu Hwang, Ki-Rim Kim","doi":"10.3390/nu17182999","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Dental plaque, a biofilm composed of accumulated oral microorganisms, is a key contributor to various oral diseases. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, is known to have pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of 6-shogaol on dual-species biofilms of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dual-species oral biofilms were formed on hydroxyapatite (HA) disks for 42 h and exposed to 6-shogaol. The pH was measured in the experimental medium, and the biomass, colony-forming unit (CFU) of microbial cells, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were quantified in the biofilm formed on the HA disk. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to assess biofilm morphology, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze <i>gtf</i> gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6-shogaol dose-dependently reduced insoluble EPS, CFU counts, and dry weight of biofilms. The pH was maintained above 5.5 in the 6-shogaol-treated group. CLSM images showed that <i>S. mutans</i> proliferation, <i>C. albicans</i> hyphal development, and EPS production were markedly inhibited in biofilms treated with 6-shogaol. The expression of <i>gtfB</i> and <i>gtfC</i> was significantly downregulated by 6-shogaol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that 6-shogaol has the potential to be a promising natural product for the prevention and management of oral biofilm-related oral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}