Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Intake of Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Lithuania.","authors":"Jevgenija Guk, Rūta Kaladytė Lokominienė, Anatolij Nečiporenko, Roma Bartkevičiūtė, Albertas Barzda, Dalius Jatužis","doi":"10.3390/nu18081302","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Risk of malnutrition among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can reach up to 60%, with prevalence rates as high as 24%. Dietary management for PD patients is a promising adjuvant therapy that may improve some motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there is limited information regarding nutrient intake and adherence to recommended dietary requirements in this population in Lithuania. <b>Methods</b>: In this case-control study conducted at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos (2023-2025), usual dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Intake was compared with Lithuanian Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) values. Associations between nutrient intake and selected non-motor symptoms were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Fifty-nine patients with PD and 54 controls were included and compared with RDI; patients with PD had lower intakes of dietary fiber (20.63 g/day), vitamin A (627.15 μgRE/day), and vitamin D (3.18 μg/day), alongside a higher energy contribution from total sugars (11.31 E%). Less than half met RDI for protein, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) energy contribution, vitamins E and C, calcium, and zinc. Compared with controls, PD patients consumed more dietary fiber, plant protein, and total carbohydrate and had a higher carbohydrate-derived energy contribution. PD patients with depressive mood consumed fewer carbohydrate, dietary fiber, plant protein, and some vitamins and minerals compared to those without. <b>Conclusions</b>: Patients with PD had higher total sugar-derived energy consumption and lower dietary fiber and vitamin D intake than the RDI. There were differences in dietary intake among PD patients with and without specific non-motor functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure-Decoding-Conversion-Effect Paradigm of Natural Polysaccharides for Gut Microbiota Remodeling in Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Xin-Qian Rong, Xiao-Meng Zhang, Lan Yan, Yong Tan, Cheng Lu","doi":"10.3390/nu18081297","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota. Natural polysaccharides, owing to their unique \"indigestibility\" and prebiotic properties, represent a potential strategy for intervening in UC by remodeling the gut microecology. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which natural polysaccharides alleviate UC through modulation of the gut microbiota, with a particular focus on the structure-activity relationship between the structural features of natural polysaccharides and their microbiota-regulating functions. Analytical studies indicate that polysaccharides with distinct structures can be recognized and degraded by specific carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the gut microorganisms, leading to the targeted enrichment of beneficial genera such as <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>, while simultaneously suppressing pro-inflammatory genera such as <i>Escherichia</i>-<i>Shigella</i> and <i>Helicobacter</i>. This structure-dependent microbial remodeling ultimately enhances the production of key metabolites and exerts comprehensive therapeutic effects, including repair of the intestinal barrier, suppression of excessive inflammation, and alleviation of oxidative stress, via activation of signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). By exploring the paradigm of \"Structure-Decoding-Conversion-Effect\" based on precise microecological regulation of polysaccharide structures, this paper provides a crucial theoretical foundation and design strategy for developing targeted microecological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yan Wei, Shuning Liu, Ting You, Xingyu Liu, Wen Zhong, Yutong Wu, Samuhaer Azhati, Qisen Han, Wei Jiang, Chang Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu18081289","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Seaweed and microalgae provide antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds that may enhance exercise performance and accelerate recovery. However, evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of algae-derived supplementation on exercise performance and physiological recovery outcomes in healthy and athletic adults. <b>Methods:</b> This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251166723) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating algae supplementation in exercise contexts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined based on the PICOS framework. Primary outcomes included VO₂max, Time to exhaustion (TTE), maximal power output (WRmax), Time-Trial (TT) performance, and creatine kinase (CK). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-two RCTs (<i>n</i> = 822) investigating Spirulina, Chlorella, brown-algal polysaccharides, or astaxanthin met inclusion criteria. Algae supplementation showed a suggestive improvement in VO₂max (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.00-1.75) and significantly improved in TTE (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.16-1.96), with smaller effects on WRmax (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.03-0.55), and no significant benefit for TT performance (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.74 to 0.21). Regarding recovery, CK concentrations were significantly reduced (SMD = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.28). Subgroup analysis suggested greater effects for Chlorella supplementation, higher dosages, and aerobic training contexts; reductions in muscle-damage markers were more evident following resistance exercise. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the main findings with minimal evidence of publication bias. <b>Conclusions:</b> Algae-derived supplements-particularly Spirulina and Chlorella-may modestly enhance aerobic exercise performance and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage under certain conditions. Effects appear to depend on algae species, dosing strategies, intervention duration, and training modality. High-quality, multi-center RCTs incorporating mechanistic endpoints are needed to clarify optimal application and to develop athlete-specific recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Clinical Swallow Evaluation Is Associated with Lower Malnutrition Prevalence at Discharge in Neurogeriatric Rehabilitation Patients: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Enav Horowitz-Bor, Yulia Bugaevsky, Mona Boaz","doi":"10.3390/nu18081288","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is a known outcome of dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the association between the timing of the Clinical Swallow Evaluation (CSE) at admission and nutrition status at hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center prospective study, the electronic medical records of patients discharged from the neurogeriatric rehabilitation department at the participating hospital, who had undergone CSE by a speech pathologist per hospital bed-side evaluation protocol, were reviewed. The participants were divided into two groups: those who underwent CSE within 48 h of hospitalization per Israel Ministry of Health guidelines (early CSE, <i>N</i> = 31); and those who underwent CSE later than 48 h from admission (late CSE, <i>N</i> = 47). Nutrition status was evaluated by a registered dietitian using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool Short Form (MNA-SF). Nutrition status at discharge was categorized and compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-eight patients were included (mean age 80.7 ± 8.1 years); 85.9% were malnourished at admission, with no difference between groups. At discharge, malnutrition was less prevalent in the early vs. late CSE group (61.3% vs. 78.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.012). In multivariable logistic regression, late CSE increased odds of malnutrition at discharge by more than six-fold. Each additional year of age increased the odds of malnutrition by 13%; each additional point in baseline MNA SF score reduced the odds by 48%; and greater cognitive decline increased the odds of discharge malnutrition risk by more than 2.6-fold. Sex and the number of dietitian consultations were not associated with malnutrition at discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early CSE in elderly patients hospitalized for neurogeriatric rehabilitation is associated with less malnutrition at discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status and Selected Metabolic Parameters in Salt Mine Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Malwina Pietrzak, Katarzyna Sobczak, Katarzyna Domaszewska","doi":"10.3390/nu18081287","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolism, particularly in occupational groups with limited sunlight exposure. This study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in salt mine workers. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study involved 62 male salt miners (aged 25-63 years), stratified by work depth (surface, ≤750 m, and >750 m). Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO_2max), and biochemical parameters were assessed. Blood analyses included fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, TSH, and 25(OH)D. Insulin resistance was evaluated via the HOMA-IR index. <b>Results:</b> The cohort exhibited a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (mean BMI > 28 kg/m²). Significant differences in VO_2max were observed between groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Elevated fasting glucose (>100 mg/dL) was observed in 47% of participants, and 22% presented HOMA-IR values > 2.5. In the regression model, vitamin D supplementation was the strongest predictor of 25(OH)D levels, explaining 25.5% of its variance. The addition of HDL cholesterol increased the explained variance to 35.6%, whereas HOMA-IR contributed an additional 3.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.094). <b>Conclusions:</b> In salt miners, insufficient vitamin D status coexists with excess adiposity and impaired glucose homeostasis. Serum 25(OH)D was more strongly associated with supplementation and HDL-C than with HOMA-IR. These findings suggest that monitoring vitamin D status is relevant in the occupational health evaluation of this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire Dimensions and Central Adiposity in Spanish Schoolchildren: Age-Stratified Associations.","authors":"Carlos Recio-Añón, Alfonso Lendínez-Jurado, Fernando Mata-Ordóñez, Julia Carracedo-Añón, Antonio González-Martín, María Dolores Marrodán-Serrano","doi":"10.3390/nu18081283","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Elevated central adiposity (ECA) in childhood is associated with early cardiometabolic risk and hemodynamic alterations. However, evidence in Spanish schoolchildren regarding the relationship between eating behavior traits and central adiposity is limited, particularly across developmental stages. This study aimed to examine the association between Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) subscales and ECA, and to explore potential differences by age group. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted in 496 rural schoolchildren aged 6-15 years. ECA was defined using the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and sex-specific cut-offs validated for the Spanish pediatric population. Eating behavior was assessed with the CEBQ (Z-scores), and diet quality was measured using the KIDMED index. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for sex, KIDMED score, and maternal education. Analyses were subsequently stratified by age (6-9 and 10-15 years). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of ECA was 45.90%. In fully adjusted models, higher Food Responsiveness (FR) was associated with increased odds of ECA, while Satiety Responsiveness (SR) acted as a protective factor; sex also showed an independent association. After stratification, sex remained the only significant predictor in children aged 6-9 years. Among those aged 10-15 years, FR was significantly associated with ECA (<i>p</i> = 0.008), while Slowness in Eating (SE) showed a borderline positive association in the adjusted model (<i>p</i> = 0.049) and was therefore interpreted cautiously. SR and Emotional Undereating (EU) showed protective trends near significance (<i>p</i> = 0.081 and <i>p</i> = 0.082, respectively). <b>Conclusions</b>: The association between eating behavior traits and ECA varies by age. In older children, FR showed a robust association with ECA, whereas no behavioral predictors were observed in younger children. The protective role of SR in the global model and the emergence of behavioral predictors in older participants highlight the importance of targeted interventions during late childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-Activity Relationship and Stage-Dependent Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Curcuminoid Derivatives in 3T3-L1 Cells.","authors":"Suzuna Araki, Yumi Ueda, Hinako Ayabe, Rio Otsuka, Kengo Kohama, Kouta Maenishi, Changsun Choi, Sung-Kwon Moon, Toshiya Masuda, Miwako Deguchi, Shigeru Saeki, DongHo Kim","doi":"10.3390/nu18081285","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> To address the limitations of natural curcumin, this study focuses on the functional evaluation of structurally optimized derivatives. We aimed to elucidate structure-activity relationships (SAR) and the stage-specific molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis inhibition using an in vitro cellular assay. <b>Methods:</b> Four novel curcuminoids were synthesized and evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against natural curcumin (Curcuminoid I). Efficacy and mechanisms were assessed via cell viability assays, quantitative Oil Red O staining, and time-dependent transcriptional profiling (qPCR/Western blotting) of the KLF family and master regulators. <b>Results:</b> SAR analysis identified Curcuminoid III (symmetric 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy) as the most potent and safe candidate, whereas Curcuminoid IV exhibited cytotoxicity. Time-course analysis revealed a distinct step-wise inhibition mechanism wherein Curcuminoid III significantly upregulated the differentiation repressor KLF2 at the immediate-early phase. This rapid modulation effectively prevented the subsequent induction of pro-adipogenic factors, including KLF9, KLF15, PPARγ, and C/EBPα, in the mid-stage (3-5 d). Consequently, the expression of the maturation marker aP2 was robustly suppressed by the late stage (5-7 d). <b>Conclusions:</b> The symmetric 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy substitution pattern appears to confer strong anti-adipogenic activity to Curcuminoid III. Early modulation of the KLF2-PPARγ axis at the onset of differentiation may initiate a cascading inhibitory effect throughout the adipogenic program. These findings highlight the potential of structurally optimized plant-derived bioactive compounds as regulators of metabolic cell fate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Management in Critically Ill Children: A Scoping Review of Current Practices and Outcome Measures in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Isabella R Purosky, Terry Griggs, Chana Kraus-Friedberg, Mara L Leimanis-Laurens","doi":"10.3390/nu18081284","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Nutrition is essential to outcomes in critically ill children; however, optimal timing, route, and composition of feeding remain uncertain. Prior studies demonstrate considerable variability in study design, patient populations, and outcome measures, limiting comparability. This review synthesizes international pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nutrition studies evaluating timing, route, and content of nutritional interventions and summarizes associated clinical outcomes and nutritional adequacy. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive scoping review was conducted using the PICOS framework. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2025 enrolling critically ill children ≤21 years old admitted to PICUs. Eligible studies assessed timing (early vs. late enteral nutrition), nutritional composition, or feeding route (enteral vs. parenteral). Screening and full-text review were performed independently by two reviewers using Covidence, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Quality assessment used STROBE. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. <b>Results:</b> Of 652 identified records, 30 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted primarily in the United States (27%), with additional contributions from Spain and Brazil (10% each) and several other countries. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (27%) and observational studies (73%). Interventions examined feeding route (14%), nutritional content (38%), and timing (48%). Frequently reported outcomes included feeding intolerance or adverse events, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to nutrition goals, PICU length of stay, mortality, and nutritional adequacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> The contemporary PICU nutrition literature demonstrates persistent heterogeneity in practice and outcomes. This review identifies ongoing gaps in timing, delivery, and adequacy of nutritional support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Inequalities in T2DM-Related Risk Patterns and Diabetes-Related Knowledge Among Hungarian Secondary School Students Aged 16-20 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study Using an Adapted FINDRISC-Based Screening Framework.","authors":"Brigitta Füzesi, Gábor Ferenc Pörzse, Krisztina Antónia Bornemissza, Anita Horkai, Judit Sallai, Helga Judit Feith","doi":"10.3390/nu18081286","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health challenge, and several lifestyle-related factors associated with later T2DM may already emerge during the secondary school years. Socioeconomic status (SES), nutrition-related behaviors, physical activity, and basic diabetes-related knowledge may shape these early risk-related patterns. This study examined the relationships between SES, adapted FINDRISC-based T2DM-related risk patterns, and diabetes-related knowledge among Hungarian secondary school students aged 16-20 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide, cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among students attending Hungarian Baptist secondary schools (N = 1585). SES was classified by Two-Step cluster analysis based on parental education, parental occupation, number of books in the household, and frequency of travel abroad. Relative T2DM-related risk patterns were described using an age-adapted FINDRISC-based screening approach, and basic diabetes-related knowledge was assessed using a 12-item questionnaire. Associations were examined using cross-tabulation and regression analyses in SPSS version 27.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents fell into the lower categories of the adapted FINDRISC-based screening framework, whereas 7.4% were classified into the moderate or high adapted FINDRISC-based screening categories. SES was significantly associated with adapted FINDRISC-based screening categories (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared with the medium-SES group, students in the low-SES group had higher odds of belonging to a higher adapted FINDRISC-based screening category (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.27-2.57; <i>p</i> = 0.001). SES was also significantly associated with basic diabetes-related knowledge profiles (<i>p</i> = 0.015); students with high SES were less likely to be in the low-knowledge group than in the high-knowledge group (OR = 0.62; <i>p</i> = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social inequalities in T2DM-related risk patterns and diabetes-related knowledge are already visible among secondary school students aged 16-20 years. The adapted FINDRISC-based approach may be useful as a school-based, non-invasive descriptive screening framework for characterizing relative T2DM-related risk patterns, but it is not a validated risk prediction instrument for this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water and Energy Turnover in Chinese Young Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water Study of Metabolic Coupling.","authors":"Xing Wang, Chang Qu, Jianfen Zhang, Na Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nu18081268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18081268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate estimation of water and energy requirements is fundamental for establishing dietary reference values in young adults. However, evidence integrating objectively measured energy expenditure with detailed water turnover components remains limited in Chinese populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify water intake, water loss, and energy expenditure in healthy young college students, and to examine how energy metabolism is associated with specific components of water turnover under free-living conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one healthy adults aged 18-25 years participated in a 14-day observational study conducted in Beijing, China. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 14 days using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Physical activity was monitored over 7 consecutive days using a triaxial accelerometer. Water intake was assessed using multiple methods: water from beverages (including plain drinking water and other beverages) was recorded over 7 days using 24 h fluid intake records, while water from food was measured during days 5-7 using weighed food records combined with duplicate portion and direct drying methods. Urinary and fecal water loss were quantified using 24 h collections conducted during days 5-7. Metabolic water production and insensible water losses were estimated using established physiological equations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between energy-related variables and components of water turnover.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean total daily water intake was 3023 mL, with water from beverages accounting for 54.1%, water from food for 36.7%, and metabolic water for 9.1%. Mean total daily water loss was 1931 mL, predominantly from urinary excretion (81.0%). DLW-measured TEE averaged 2018.6 kcal/day and was higher in males than in females. Most regression models examining total water intake and beverage-derived water were not statistically significant, and no consistent associations were observed between these variables and total energy intake, TEE, or PAEE. In contrast, TEE was positively associated with metabolic water production and respiratory water loss (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant associations with total energy intake were observed for water from food and fecal water loss (both <i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas other water intake components showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In young adults, energy metabolism appears to be more closely associated with physiologically regulated components of water turnover than with voluntary water intake. These findings suggest a divergence between endogenous and behaviorally regulated pathways of water turnover and highlight the importance of considering component-specific water dynamics when examining hydration and energy balance, although confirmation in larger studies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}