Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"The Protective Effects of Pectic Polysaccharides on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and Their Structure-Function Relationships.","authors":"Zhenou Sun, Tianyu Qi, Boyu Cheng, Yingxiao Guo, Dima Atehli, Steve W Cui, Ji Kang, Qingbin Guo","doi":"10.3390/nu17101738","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pectic polysaccharides exhibit therapeutic potential against intestinal inflammation. However, the influence of structural variations on their efficacy remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the structural and anti-inflammatory relationships of okra pectin (OP), citrus pectin (CP), apple pectin (AP), and hawthorn pectin (HP). Based on FT-IR spectra, CP was identified as a high-methoxyl pectin, with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 72.07 ± 3.86%. OP, AP, and HP were low-methoxyl pectins with the following DM values: 19.34 ± 3.04%, 32.11 ± 1.71%, and 38.67 ± 2.75%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that OP exhibited the highest abundance of RG-I regions among all the samples. Homogalacturonan (HG) was the predominant structural region in AP and HP, while CP contained both of the aforementioned structural regions. Our findings demonstrated that OP and CP significantly ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in the wild-type <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> strain w¹¹¹⁸, as evidenced by improved intestinal morphology, reinforced intestinal barrier function, and enhanced locomotor and metabolic activity. These effects were mediated by the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Notably, reducing the molecular weight of CP to 18.18 kDa significantly enhanced its therapeutic efficacy, whereas a reduction in OP molecular weight to 119.12 kDa extended its median lifespan.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings first suggest that abundant RG-I structures and low molecular weight endowed pectins with significant anti-inflammatory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Calorie, High-Protein Ketogenic Diet Versus Low-Calorie, Low-Sodium, and High-Potassium Mediterranean Diet in Overweight Patients and Patients with Obesity with High-Normal Blood Pressure or Grade I Hypertension: The Keto-Salt Pilot Study.","authors":"Matteo Landolfo, Lucia Stella, Alessandro Gezzi, Francesco Spannella, Paolo Turri, Lucia Sabbatini, Sofia Cecchi, Beatrice Lucchetti, Massimiliano Petrelli, Riccardo Sarzani","doi":"10.3390/nu17101739","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Dietary interventions are the first-line treatment for overweight individuals (OW) and individuals with obesity (OB) with high-normal blood pressure (BP) or grade I hypertension, especially when at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, current guidelines do not specify the most effective dietary approach for optimising cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in this population. This study aimed to compare the effects of a low-calorie, high-protein ketogenic diet (KD) vs. a low-calorie, low-sodium, and high-potassium Mediterranean diet (MD) on BP profiles assessed via ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), as well as on anthropometric measures, metabolic biomarkers, and body composition evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). <b>Methods:</b> This prospective observational bicentric pilot study included 26 non-diabetic adult outpatients with central OW status or OB status (body mass index, BMI > 27 kg/m²) and high-normal BP (≥130/85 mmHg) or grade I hypertension (140-160/90-100 mmHg), based on office BP measurements. All participants had low-to-moderate CVR according to the second version of the systemic coronary risk estimation (SCORE2) and were selected and categorized as either KD (<i>n</i> = 15) or MD (<i>n</i> = 11). Comprehensive blood analysis, BIA, and ABPM were conducted at baseline and after three months. <b>Results:</b> At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the groups. Following three months of dietary intervention, both groups exhibited substantial reductions in body weight (KD: 98.6 ± 13.0 to 87.3 ± 13.4 kg; MD: 93.8 ± 17.7 to 86.1 ± 19.3 kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and waist circumference. Mean 24 h systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) significantly declined in both groups (24 h mean SBP decreased from 125.0 ± 11.3 to 116.1 ± 8.5 mmHg (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and 24 h mean DBP decreased from 79.0 ± 8.4 to 73.7 ± 6.4 mmHg (<i>p</i> < 0.001)). Fat-free mass (FFM) increased, whereas fat mass (FM), blood lipid levels, and insulin concentrations decreased significantly. The ΔFM/ΔFFM correlates with ABP improvements. However, no significant between-group differences were detected at follow-up. <b>Conclusions:</b> The KD and the MD mediated weight loss and body composition changes, effectively improving bio-anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in individuals with OW status or OB status and high BP. Although more extensive studies are warranted to elucidate potential long-term differences, our findings suggest the manner in which these two different popular dietary approaches may equally confer metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, emphasising the importance of weight and FM loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Ketone Supplementation Enhances the Anti-Epileptic Effect of Levetiracetam in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk Rats.","authors":"Enikő Rauch, Csilla Ari, Dominic P D'Agostino, Zsolt Kovács","doi":"10.3390/nu17101721","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> It has been demonstrated that levetiracetam can decrease absence epileptic activity in both human patients and different types of animal models of absence epilepsy, such as the genetically absence epileptic Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rat. It was also suggested previously that exogenous ketone supplements (EKSs)-evoked ketosis not only decreases the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) but also enhances the anti-absence epileptic effect of pyrimidine nucleoside uridine in WAG/Rij rats. These findings suggest that EKSs may enhance the efficacy of clinically used anti-epileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam. <b>Methods:</b> We investigated the effect of not only levetiracetam (intraperitoneal/i.p. 200 mg/kg) alone and KEKS supplemented food (containing 10% ketone ester/KE and 10% ketone salt/KS in a normal rat chow) alone, but also the combination of levetiracetam and KEKS supplemented food on SWD number and SWD time for 5 days in WAG/Rij rats. For evaluation of SWDs, electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were performed every day. Moreover, for the measurement of blood glucose and R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-βHB) levels, the blood was taken from the tail vein of rats after EEG registration. <b>Results:</b> It was demonstrated that the administration of both levetiracetam alone and KEKS food alone decreased the SWD number and time spent in SWD, compared to control. Moreover, after combined administration of levetiracetam with KEKS food, enhanced anti-absence epileptic effect was observed, compared to levetiracetam alone. Blood R-βHB level significantly increased after administration of both KEKS food alone and KEKS food in combination with levetiracetam. Nevertheless, these treatments did not significantly change the blood glucose levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> We can conclude that EKSs may be able to enhance the anti-epileptic effect of different drugs, and this combined treatment method may represent a promising new approach and effective therapy against epileptic seizures, especially in treatment-resistant patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and Physical Rehabilitation in Post-Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Ambulatory Patients: The NutriEcoMuscle Study.","authors":"Clara Joaquín, Irene Bretón, María Julia Ocón-Bretón, Alba Zabalegui, Diego Bellido, Pilar Matía Martín, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Olmos, Ana Zugasti, María Riestra, Francisco Botella, José Manuel García-Almeida","doi":"10.3390/nu17101722","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101722","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;: The prevalence of malnutrition is high in post-intensive care unit (ICU) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. This paper presents prospective results from the NutriEcoMuscle study, a multicenter observational study. The study aimed to evaluate changes in nutritional and functional status in post-ICU COVID-19 patients following nutritional and physical rehabilitation interventions. Secondary aims included assessing adherence to and tolerance of the oral nutritional supplement (ONS) used in the nutritional intervention. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: The study enrolled adults who had been admitted to the ICU due to severe COVID-19. At hospital discharge, the patients underwent a nutritional intervention based on oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) with 100% serum lactoprotein enriched with leucine and vitamin D and a physical rehabilitation program. They were followed up during three months. Performed assessments included Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, Barthel index (BI), handgrip strength and Timed Up and Go test, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), nutritional ultrasound (US), and tolerance and adherence to ONS. Sample size was calculated based on handgrip strength, and parametric and non-parametric tests were used to assess differences between the baseline and three-month outcomes. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: The study included 96 patients (71.9% male, mean age 58.8 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.8 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 36.5% obese). A total of 85 patients (62 men and 23 women) completed the 90-day follow-up. The mean weight gain after the intervention was 6.8 (SD 5.2) kg (similar in men and women; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.263). The proportion of patients with malnutrition according to the SGA or GLIM criteria decreased from 100% to 11.8% and 36.4%, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001 in both cases). The proportion of patients with functional limitations by BI decreased from 66.7% to 27.0% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Handgrip strength increased more than 40% in both men and women (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001). The time to perform the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test decreased more than 40% in both men and women (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001). According to BIA, the mean fat mass did not increase significantly in either men or women. The mean fat-free mass index (FFMI) increased significantly in both men and women. There were also significant increases in body cell mass, skeletal muscle mass index, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index. The phase angle (PhA) increased significantly in both men (26.5%) and women (17.4%). In a multivariate analysis, age and baseline PhA were related to the PhA increase (adjusted R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.5573). The US study showed a significant increase in the mean measurements of muscle area, muscle circumference, X-axis, and Y-axis in the rectus femoris. Regarding abdominal fat, there were no significant increases in total, super","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Preliminary Validation of the PC-FCQ: The Parent and Carer Food Choice Questionnaire.","authors":"Alex McKenna, Rachael L Thurecht, Libby Swanepoel, Georgia Blair, Fiona E Pelly","doi":"10.3390/nu17101735","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Poor nutrition in childhood can have irreversible impacts on development and health, potentially resulting in cognitive impairments and an increased risk of chronic disease later in life. <b>Aim</b>: This study aimed to develop and validate the Parent Carer-Food Choice Questionnaire (PC-FCQ) to determine the key factors influencing the parental food choices of children aged between two and five years. <b>Methods</b>: A sample of 737 Australian parents and carers completed the questionnaire consisting of 98 items on a 10-point frequency of influence anchored at 1 never to 10 always. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the key factors and refine the questionnaire. <b>Results</b>: The PCA extracted 65 items organized into 12 factors explaining 62.8% of the total variance. The factors were named <i>ethical concerns</i>, <i>nutritional attributes</i>, <i>child preferences</i>, <i>child mood</i>, <i>awareness</i>, <i>parent sensory</i>, <i>convenience</i>, <i>situation</i>, <i>culture</i>, <i>professional advice</i>, <i>accessibility</i> and <i>weight control</i>. The final Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.93, and the Bartlett test of sphericity was statistically significant X2(4753) = 39,643.87, <i>p</i> < 0.001. Moderate intercorrelations were detected between seven factors. <b>Conclusions</b>: This research resulted in a PC-FCQ that includes factors specifically relevant to parental food choice. The PC-FCQ will enable researchers and clinicians to more effectively provide nutrition education and dietary interventions to suit the parent and child. The next phase of this research will be to test the accuracy and reliability of the PC-FCQ in an independent sample via confirmatory factor analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet and Muscle Metabolism.","authors":"Domenico Azzolino, Vincenzo Gianturco, Riccardo Calvani","doi":"10.3390/nu17101727","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/function, termed <i>sarcopenia</i>, which leads to a wide spectrum of adverse outcomes including falls, institutionalization, loss of independence, and mortality [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Healthy Eating Index and the Body Mass Index of Older Adults: An Analysis of Food Frequency and Preferences.","authors":"Andres Fontalba-Navas, Ruth Echeverria, Cristina Larrea-Killinger, Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz, Claudia Soar, Juan Pedro Arrebola","doi":"10.3390/nu17101717","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The nutritional habits of older adults are increasingly relevant to public health, particularly given the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated chronic diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Healthy Eating Index (IASE) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in older adults in Spain, focusing on food frequency, dietary preferences, and socioeconomic factors influencing nutritional security. <b>Methods:</b> The study is part of the Eating Matters project, assessing food (in)security in older adults across Andalusia and Catalonia between April 2022 and January 2024. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 190 participants (≥65 years), recruited in primary healthcare centers. The questionnaire included three blocks: food insecurity assessment (FIES scale), diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Population (IASE), and sociodemographic factors. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression models to identify associated factors with overweight and obesity. <b>Results:</b> The average BMI was 28.5 kg/m² (SD = 4.29), with 46.3% of participants classified as overweight and 32.1% as obese. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was found between healthy food consumption and BMI, while personal income showed a moderate positive correlation with adherence to a healthy diet (r = 0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Logistic regression indicated that frequent consumption of processed meats and confectionery was a significant identify associated factors with overweight/obesity, with a model accuracy of 68% and sensitivity of 95%. <b>Conclusions:</b> Older adults with lower incomes and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods exhibited a higher risk of obesity. These findings highlight the need for public policies promoting food accessibility and targeted nutrition education for older adults, including guidance on balanced diets, adequate protein intake, and the prevention of sarcopenia, to encourage healthier dietary patterns in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Habits and Anthropometric Indicators Associated with Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Spanish Youth.","authors":"Enric Conesa-Milian, Saül Aixa-Requena, Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez, Vicenç Hernández-González, Abraham Batalla-Gavaldà, Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido, Carme Jové-Deltell, Joao Jose Albuquerque de Sousa Junior, Joaquin Reverter-Masia","doi":"10.3390/nu17101718","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people poses a significant public health challenge. Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for establishing long-term health habits. Diet plays a central role in maintaining a healthy weight, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been consistently linked to numerous health benefits, including improved weight management and overall well-being. Understanding the factors that influence Mediterranean diet adherence in adolescents can help design effective interventions to promote healthier eating behaviors. <b>Objectives</b>: This study sought to explore the association between following the Mediterranean diet and key physiological factors, including age, sex, body mass index, and pubertal status. Additionally, it explored how Mediterranean diet adherence relates to lifestyle behaviors such as sleep quality and physical activity levels, using data from a sample of 668 Spanish adolescents. <b>Method</b>: Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing dietary habits, physical activity, sleep quality, and pubertal status (Tanner scale). <b>Results</b>: The findings revealed significant associations between Mediterranean diet adherence and body mass index, pubertal status, and physical activity level, while sex, age, and sleep quality showed no significant influence. Adolescents with lower body mass index tended to adhere more to the Mediterranean diet, reinforcing its role in weight management. Additionally, greater adherence was observed in later pubertal stages, suggesting increased nutritional awareness. <b>Conclusions</b>: Healthy eating patterns are associated with a strong promotion of physical activity, highlighting the link between an active lifestyle and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. This positive multifactorial synergy requires further research to better understand its mechanisms and to design effective strategies for promoting healthy habits among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Greater Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Nuts During Pregnancy Is Associated with Improved Offspring Health at Six Years of Age.","authors":"Laura Del Valle, Verónica Melero, Andrés Bodas, Rocío Martín O'Connor, Ana Ramos-Levi, Ana Barabash, Johanna Valerio, Paz de Miguel, José Ángel Díaz Pérez, Cristina Familiar Casado, Inmaculada Moraga Guerrero, Inés Jiménez-Varas, Clara Marcuello Foncillas, Mario Pazos, Miguel A Rubio-Herrera, Bricia López-Plaza, Isabelle Runkle, Pilar Matía-Martín, Alfonso L Calle-Pascual","doi":"10.3390/nu17101719","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Children's health may be influenced by maternal eating habits during pregnancy. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based pattern has been associated with benefits in infectious disease and allergies in children. <b>Methods:</b> From a total 2228 pregnant women evaluated between 2015 and 2017 in the St. Carlos cohort, 1292 women belonging to the intervention group (IG) undertook a MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts from early on in pregnancy. The control group (CG) consisted of 516 pregnant women who were advised to follow a fat-restricted MedDiet. The modified 12-point Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) was applied. A total of 1808 (81.2%) children were analyzed at 6 years postpartum. All women from both groups received the same postpartum nutritional recommendations as the IG had during pregnancy. <b>Results:</b> Children from the IG showed lower rates of bronchiolitis and atopic eczema compared to the CG. Children whose mother's MEDAS score was ≥6 at 24-28 GW vs. MEDAS scores < 6 presented lower rates of bronchiolitis [222/695 (28.8%) vs. 441/1113 (39.6%); <i>p</i> = 0.022] and atopic eczema [311/695 (39.0%) vs. 564/1113 (50.7%); <i>p</i> = 0.039]. The offspring of mothers with MEDAS scores ≥ 8 (<i>n</i> = 176) vs. MEDAS scores ≤ 3 (<i>n</i> = 564) showed a lower relative risk (RR) (95% CI) for developing bronchiolitis [0.75 (0.58-0.97)] and atopic eczema [0.82 (0.69-0.98)], with both having a <i>p</i> < 0.001 trend. <b>Conclusions:</b> A higher adherence to a MedDiet supplemented with EVOO and nuts during pregnancy is associated with health benefits in offspring at 6 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) and Effects of Diet: Time for Reassessment.","authors":"Byambaa Enkhmaa, Lars Berglund","doi":"10.3390/nu17101714","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary modification is a critical tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the role of saturated fat (SFA) intake is well established in affecting LDL cholesterol concentrations, diet impacts on lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) have been less studied. Lp(a) is a prevalent, strong, and highly heritable risk factor for CVD and a therapeutic target for CVD risk management. While significant insights have been made into the genetic regulation of Lp(a), our understanding of any metabolic impact on Lp(a) by other factors, including diets, is limited. For many years, Lp(a) was not considered to be subject to dietary regulation, but there is now clear evidence of a dietary impact, in particular variability in SFA intake, on Lp(a) concentrations. The present narrative review aims to provide an updated view on dietary regulation of Lp(a), moving beyond studies testing the effect of reducing SFA intake, to include new evidence from clinical trials on the impact of an increased sugar intake and ketogenic diets. In addition to describing an opposite effect of SFA on Lp(a) and LDL cholesterol concentrations, with a rise in Lp(a) during a reduced SFA intake, this review also provides new data on the role of apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism, a major genetic regulator of Lp(a) concentrations. Beyond an impact on Lp(a) concentrations, the extent to which diet might impact Lp(a)'s molecular and metabolic properties including its lipidomic composition remains unknown. Taken together, evidence shows the presence of a dietary modulation of Lp(a) beyond its genetic control and points to the need to better understand Lp(a)'s cardiovascular risk factor properties, including metabolomics/lipidomics characteristics. This also raises the issue whether diet should be a component of elevated Lp(a) management, and this needs to be addressed in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}