Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Turkish Adaptation of the Clean Food Consumerism Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Simge Sipahi Uygur, Nihan Çakır Biçer, Ece Öneş, Sena Roberts, Selen Köksal, Perim Fatma Türker, Murat Baş","doi":"10.3390/nu18193274","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Clean food consumerism reflects consumers' preferences for foods perceived as natural, authentic, transparent, and health-promoting. This study aimed to culturally adapt the Clean Food Consumerism Scale (CFCS) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. <b>Methods:</b> The CFCS was translated, back-translated, reviewed by experts, pilot-tested, and psychometrically evaluated. For the pilot study and factor analyses, the Turkish version was administered to 1637 adults, who were allocated to three mutually exclusive subsamples: <i>n</i> = 180 for the pilot study, <i>n</i> = 500 for EFA, and <i>n</i> = 957 for CFA. An additional, separate sample of 124 participants completed the CFCS twice at a three-week interval for the test-retest analysis. Internal consistency, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlations, EFA, CFA, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), the Fornell-Larcker criterion, heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratios, correlations with the Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale (SHEBS), and test-retest correlations. <b>Results:</b> The 18-item CFCS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.948). Sampling adequacy was supported by the KMO value (0.927) and significant Bartlett's test (χ² = 7525.229, <i>p</i> < 0.001). EFA supported a five-factor structure comprising Perceived Health Benefits, Production Process Transparency, Authenticity, Perceived Ease of Use, and Familiarity, explaining 80.92% of the total variance. CFA supported the five-factor model. After adding one content-justified residual covariance between two closely related Perceived Health Benefits items, the final model showed acceptable fit (χ² = 641.39, df = 124, <i>p</i> < 0.001; CFI = 0.965, TLI = 0.956, NFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.066 [90% CI 0.061-0.071], SRMR = 0.047, GFI = 0.926, AGFI = 0.899). Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.748 to 0.938, composite reliability from 0.873 to 0.940, and average variance extracted from 0.697 to 0.771. HTMT ratios for all factor pairs remained below 0.685 and the Fornell-Larcker criterion was satisfied for every factor, supporting discriminant validity. Test-retest reliability over three weeks was excellent (r = 0.889, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and CFCS scores were positively correlated with SHEBS scores (r = 0.441, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The Turkish version of the CFCS demonstrated strong validity, reliability, and temporal stability while preserving the original five-factor structure. It provides a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing clean food consumerism among Turkish-speaking adults and may support future research in nutrition, public health, sustainability, and consumer behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Neuroprotective Effects of Combined Ubisol-Q10 and Ashwagandha (<i>Withania somnifera</i>) in Male and Female 5XFAD Mice.","authors":"Keanna Dube, Alex Stoinescu, Julia Sadler, Michelle Truong, Natasha Malakoti-Negad, Maira Chaudhry, Rohan Talukdar, Jerome Cohen, Siyaram Pandey","doi":"10.3390/nu18193270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by interconnected pathological processes including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired autophagic processes, neuroinflammation, neuronal degeneration, and progressive functional decline. Natural health products (NHPs), coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) and Ashwagandha (<i>Withania somnifera</i>) (ASH), have been previously reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial-supportive, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic properties. This work investigates the neuroprotective effects of a bioavailability-enhanced formulation, Ubisol-Q10 (UQ), and ethanolic ASH extract, combined as a \"Tonic,\" across multiple domains of AD pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of long-term administration were evaluated in male and female 5XFAD mice from 2.5 to 11 months of age. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging assessed hippocampal and white matter volumes, a frailty index assessed physiological resilience, Novel Object and Novel Location Recognition testing assessed spatial and non-spatial memory, while post-mortem Nissl, Golgi-Cox, and immunofluorescence evaluated cellular density, dendritic morphology, amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation, autophagy-associated signaling, and astrocytic activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across these measures, Tonic treatment preserved brain volumes, reduced amyloid pathology and inflammation, and modulated autophagy-associated pathways. Treatment also preserved dendritic architecture, frailty progression, and novelty-recognition behavior. Females demonstrated particularly pronounced preservation of white matter structure and increased dendritic density, whereas males showed strong modulation of inflammatory and autophagy-associated markers. Astrocytic immunoreactivity also demonstrated sex- and region-specific patterns, suggesting that glial responses may contribute differently to structural preservation in males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, these findings support that UQ + ASH may provide diverse protection against AD neurodegeneration. The observed sex-specific responses emphasize the importance of incorporating sex into preclinical evaluation of novel interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Eating Attitudes and Dental Caries Experience in Young Adults Attending a Private Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Adina Oana Armencia, Andrei Nicolau, Roxana Ionela Vasluianu, Alexandra Boloș, Carina Ana-Maria Balcos, Nicoleta Ioanid, Gabriel Condurache, Anca Mihaela Vitalariu, Irina Gradinaru, Georgiana Macovei","doi":"10.3390/nu18193273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Eating attitudes may be linked to oral health through behavioral and lifestyle mechanisms, but data on young adults remain limited. The primary objective was to assess the association between dietary attitudes and caries experience in young adults recruited from a private dental practice. Secondary analyses examined the psychometric properties of the EAT-40 and the relationships of its scores with BMI, oral health behaviors, and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 366 adults aged 18-25 years recruited by convenience sampling from a private dental practice in Iași. Eating attitudes were assessed using the EAT-40, oral health behaviors using the HU-DBI, and caries experience using the DMFT and DMFS indices. BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. Exploratory factor analysis, Spearman correlations, negative binomial regression, and multiple linear regression were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EAT-40 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.887), and the three-factor solution explained 36.6% of the variance. The total EAT-40 score showed weak positive correlations with DMFT and DMFS (ρ = 0.146; <i>p</i> = 0.005 for both), but was not significantly associated with DMFS in the fully adjusted model (IRR = 1.003; 95% CI: 0.997-1.010; <i>p</i> = 0.293) or in the sensitivity analysis (IRR = 1.005; 95% CI: 0.999-1.012; <i>p</i> = 0.122). None of the three EAT-40 dimensions was significantly associated with DMFS after adjustment. The total EAT-40 score was not significantly associated with BMI. Daily smoking was associated with higher DMFS values, whereas occasional smoking was not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the study sample, EAT-40 scores were weakly associated with caries experience, but not independently with BMI. The results regarding EAT-40 dimensions remain exploratory, and the cross-sectional design does not allow for causal conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do's and Don'ts in Mealtime Management for People with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Modified Delphi Consensus Study from the Italian Society of Deglutology.","authors":"Nicole Pizzorni, Sara Rocca, Aurora Ninfa, Antonio Amitrano, Arianna Valeria Bai, Michela Barichella, Maria Rosaria Barillari, Umberto Barillari, Jessica Barsotti, Irene Battel, Monica Bianchi, Alessandra Bosetti, Paola Castellini, Federica Cenci, Emanuele Cereda, Anna Colombo, Antonella Cusimano, Francesco D'Abrosca, Ramona De Amicis, Claudia Dellavia, Antonella Delle Fave, Stefano Doratiotto, Daniele Farneti, Bruno Fattori, Maria Luisa Fiorella, Alessandro Galazzi, Federica Lucia Galli, Elisabetta Genovese, Luisa Gervasio, Silvia Gnecchi, Isabella Koch, Valentina Lamon, Patrizia Maruzzi, Benito Michelizza, Maria Giulia Montecchi, Luca Morelli, Francesco Mozzanica, Luca Parisi, Carlo Pedrolli, Gaia Pellegrini, Chiara Piscitelli, Marco Ramaioli, Cristina Reverberi, Sergio Riso, Giovanni Ruoppolo, Amelia Santoro, Alessandro Selvagio, Massimo Spadola Bisetti, Chiara Stracquadanio, Beatrice Travalca Cupillo, Stefano Usai, Elvira Verduci, Irene Vernero, Lucia Zannini, Antonio Schindler","doi":"10.3390/nu18193268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Meals are central to daily life, health, and social participation, yet their safety and enjoyment can be compromised in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Despite the broad impact of OD on physical and psychosocial well-being and daily functioning, structured guidance for comprehensive mealtime management in clinical practice is lacking. To address this gap, a set of expert consensus-based \"Do's and Don'ts\" covering four meal-related domains was developed. <b>Methods:</b> A modified Delphi consensus study promoted by the Italian Society of Deglutology involved a multidisciplinary panel of 53 experts in OD and related disciplines. Experts developed \"Do\" and \"Don't\" statements across four domains: nutrition-focused diet prescription, meal preparation, mealtime experience, and patient and caregiver education. After panel conveners' review, 61 statements underwent two rounds of online voting using a 3-point ordinal scale plus an additional option 'unable to express an opinion'. Consensus was predefined as ≥75% agreement. Statements were revised between rounds based on participants' comments to ensure clinical accuracy and practical applicability. <b>Results:</b> The response rate was 85% for Round 1 and 97.8% for Round 2. After Round 2, 57 of 61 statements (93.4%) reached the consensus threshold (≥75% agreement). <b>Conclusions:</b> Mealtime management in OD should be individualized and person-centered, balancing swallowing safety, nutritional requirements, quality of life, and enjoyment of eating. Management should extend beyond compensatory strategies alone to include the social and relational dimensions of meals. Active involvement and education of patients and caregivers are essential to support therapeutic adherence and daily implementation of recommendations. Interprofessional collaboration and multimodal educational strategies are crucial to ensuring a coordinated, safe, and effective nutritional approach to OD care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake Influence the Ghrelin Response?","authors":"Marcelina Radziszewska, Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka, Urszula Cwalina, Beata Zyśk, Angelika Buczyńska-Backiel, Monika Moroz, Joanna Roszkowska, Monika Stołyhwo-Gofron, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Adam Krętowski, Lucyna Ostrowska","doi":"10.3390/nu18193271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Ghrelin is a key orexigenic hormone involved in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, and its fasting circulating concentrations may reflect long-term energy balance and nutritional status. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between habitual daily energy and macronutrient intake from a conventional diet and the fasting total ghrelin concentrations in individuals with different nutritional status and to evaluate the postprandial ghrelin response following consumption of a standardized meal. An additional aim was to identify body composition parameters predictive of ghrelin concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective study included 76 individuals aged 40-60 years, classified into four body mass index (BMI) groups. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Energy and macronutrient intake was evaluated based on standardized 3-day food records. Ghrelin concentrations were measured in the fasting state and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after consumption of a standardized mix liquid meal (Nutridrink Protein, 459 kcal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fasting total ghrelin concentrations were not associated with recent energy or macronutrient intake. In women, changes from the baseline differed across BMI groups at 60 and 120 min, whereas no between-group differences were observed in men. In the regression analyses, BMI and gynoid region fat showed significant coefficients in women, although the overall model was not significant, while gynoid region fat was significantly associated with fasting ghrelin in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fasting total ghrelin appears to reflect longer-term metabolic phenotype and adipose tissue distribution rather than short-term variation in habitual energy or macronutrient intake. The BMI-dependent differences in the early postprandial response observed in women further suggest that nutritional status may modify dynamic ghrelin regulation in a sex-specific manner. These findings indicate that ghrelin should not be interpreted solely as an acute marker of dietary intake, but rather within the broader context of body composition, fat distribution, and sex-related metabolic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-Induced Dehydration Limits the Effectiveness of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Supplementation in Healthy Young Men.","authors":"Zekun Xin, Mengtong Gao, Xinjie Wu, Min See, Peng Cheng, Yi Yan","doi":"10.3390/nu18193267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Post-exercise protein ingestion is widely used to promote recovery from exercise, but whether exercise-induced dehydration limits the subsequent protein supplementation response remains unclear. This study examined the effects of different hydration strategies during exercise on post-exercise whey protein supplementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen healthy young men completed three partially crossover trials designed to produce approximately 2% (DEH: a dehydration trial without fluid replacement), 1% (EUH_50%: a 50% fluid-replacement trial), and 0% (EUH: a euhydration trial with 100% fluid replacement) body mass loss. Within 5 min after each exercise, participants ingested 45 g of whey protein dissolved in 450 mL of water. Serum amino acid concentrations were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, and at 60 and 120 min after ingestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protocol produced distinct exercise hydration status, with body mass loss of 2.20 ± 0.19% (DEH), 1.18 ± 0.30% (EUH_50%), and 0.27 ± 0.35% (EUH), respectively. Post-exercise whey protein ingestion increased serum amino acid concentrations in all trials. However, at 60 min after ingestion, the DEH trial showed lower total amino acid, branched-chain amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, and glutamine concentrations than both EUH_50% and EUH (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). The 0-120 min percentage incremental area under the curve for total amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine, and glutamine was also lower in DEH. Gastrointestinal symptoms remained low across all conditions, with only 1.0% of individual item scores exceeding 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that exercise-induced hypohydration of approximately 2.2% body mass attenuates the early circulating amino acid response to post-exercise whey protein ingestion, suggesting that inadequate fluid intake during exercise may compromise the efficacy of whey protein supplementation for post-exercise recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before the Gut: Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Oral Microbial Colonization in Infancy.","authors":"Oana-Raluca Temneanu, Felicia Trofin, Adriana Mihai, Ancuța Lupu, Raluca Olariu, Manuela Ștefan, Elena-Roxana Buzilă, Otilia Novac, Roxana Șerban, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Emil Anton, Mihaela Oros, Bianca Simionescu","doi":"10.3390/nu18193269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) reach the oral cavity before any other compartment and resist hydrolysis by salivary enzymes, yet their behavior there has received far less attention than their intestinal fate. This review asks what follows from treating the mouth as a compartment rather than as a corridor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2026, combining oligosaccharide and oral terms, with forward citation tracking of the human studies. Each candidate mechanism was classified by its type of supporting evidence: human oral association, direct oral in vitro evidence, indirect evidence from other compartments, or unresolved hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only two human analyses, both from the same Western Australian cohort (BLOSOM), have related HMO exposure to infant oral bacterial communities; the larger concluded that the effect, while statistically detectable, was biologically limited. Residence time, and probably effective glycan concentration, differ from the intestinal case, as do the aerotolerant, <i>Gemella</i>- and <i>Rothia</i>-dominated community and the salivary films coating teeth and mucosa. In vitro, 6'-sialyllactose and free <i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid inhibited <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> biofilm formation, but only at concentrations (~100 mM) well above plausible oral exposure; 2'-fucosyllactose had no antibiofilm effect, reduced adhesion in two of three strains and did not support growth. Maternal <i>FUT2</i> genotype shapes the oligosaccharide profile of milk, whereas the infant's own <i>FUT2</i> genotype governs fucosylation of the salivary glycoproteins those oligosaccharides encounter; neither has been measured in infant oral microbiome studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anti-adhesive and substrate-driven mechanisms may operate in parallel, and a possible asymmetry between commensal and cariogenic streptococci is framed as a testable hypothesis, as is the contribution of swallowed oral communities to gut colonization. Current evidence supports no change in practice regarding supplemented formula, donor milk, oropharyngeal colostrum, or breastfeeding and caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Nutritional Status at Diagnosis with Disease Course in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Annalisa Morelli, Michela Caprarelli, Roberta Giusy Ruiz, Bianca Mazzoli, Alessia Salatto, Daniela Knafelz, Fiammetta Bracci, Sabrina Cardile, Giulia Bolasco, Chiara Maria Trovato, Paola De Angelis, Erminia Francesca Romeo, Antonella Diamanti","doi":"10.3390/nu18193266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growth impairment is a major component of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the prognostic role of baseline nutritional status remains debated. We assessed the impact of nutritional status at diagnosis on subsequent medical and surgical disease course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied 183 children with IBD (84 Crohn's disease, 99 ulcerative colitis) followed for at least 18 months. Patients were classified at diagnosis using BMI Z-scores as underweight (n = 35), normal weight (n = 123), or overweight/obese (n = 25). Multivariable regression models-adjusted for diagnosis, biological sex, age at diagnosis, and extraintestinal manifestations/comorbidities-evaluated relapse burden, surgical resection, and longitudinal anthropometric recovery at last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline underweight status was not independently associated with a higher relapse burden or time to first relapse. A sensitivity analysis excluding surgically resected patients showed higher estimated relapse rates for underweight patients, though these did not reach statistical significance. In exploratory analyses, baseline underweight showed a borderline, non-significant association with subsequent surgical resection (adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI 0.97-7.27; <i>p</i> = 0.056), warranting validation in larger prospective cohorts. Exploratory VEO-IBD analyses were limited by small subgroup size; within UC, a higher crude resection frequency was observed in VEO-UC than in older-onset UC (15.0% vs. 1.3%), but this finding should be interpreted cautiously. At follow-up, 85.7% of initially underweight patients reached normal weight. Higher baseline BMI Z-score was independently associated with higher follow-up BMI Z-score, whereas therapeutic escalation and total relapse burden were not independently associated with follow-up BMI Z-score. Persistent stunting was very rare (1.9%), precluding multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline underweight showed a suggestive but non-significant association with subsequent surgical resection, warranting confirmation in larger prospective cohorts, while it was not independently associated with medical disease instability. Substantial weight recovery occurred during pediatric IBD follow-up. Baseline BMI Z-score was associated with BMI Z-score at follow-up, although substantial between-patient variability remained unexplained.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and Metabolic Trajectories up to 10 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Tertiary-Centre Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Sebastian Mitchell, Priyanka Bhandari, Margaret Houston, Titisari Wardani, Nur Balzureen Suhaimi, Treeve Willcock, Brian Joyce, Gillian Drummond, Beverly Wallace, Kellyanne Mair, Frieda Whelan, Danielle Clyde, Anne Ewing, Peter J Lamb, Andrew G Robertson","doi":"10.3390/nu18193265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective durable treatment for severe obesity but predisposes to micronutrient deficiency. Long-term, broad-panel biochemical data are scarce. We examined nutritional and metabolic trajectories over up to 10 years and compared sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective single-centre cohort undergoing MBS (NHS Lothian, 2011-2025). Twenty-five biochemical markers were captured at baseline, 6 months, 1, 5 and 10 years, and analysed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for procedure, sex, age, baseline BMI, diabetes and deprivation, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 458 patients, 426 were analysed (82.4% female; median age 49 years; median baseline BMI 44.2 kg/m²; SG 55.2%, RYGB 41.1%; median follow-up 7.0 years). Median total and excess weight loss were 21.6% and 49.2%. Pre-operative type 2 diabetes affected 99/422 (23.5%), resolving in 41 (41.4%). Adjusted calcium fell (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) rose (+0.22 pmol/L/year [95% CI 0.11, 0.33], <i>p</i> < 0.001) despite vitamin D increasing (+1.20 nmol/L/year, <i>p</i> < 0.001); elevated PTH persisted in ~33%. Haemoglobin declined (-0.32 g/L/year, <i>p</i> = 0.026), below-range values rising from 26.3% (109/415) to 38.5% (84/218). Serum iron and transferrin saturation rose (<i>p</i> = 0.034; <i>p</i> = 0.002). B-vitamins increased (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) except thiamine. Selenium, red-cell selenium and zinc fell (all <i>p</i> < 0.05); albumin declined (<i>p</i> < 0.001); cholesterol was stable. Folate and vitamin E trajectories differed between SG and RYGB; other markers did not. The PTH rise was steeper with proton pump inhibitor use (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and baseline BMI ≥ 50 kg/m² (<i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within a structured service with high supplement compliance, frank deficiency was uncommon for most markers. Nonetheless, progressive biochemical changes emerged and persisted, most consistently falling calcium with rising PTH and declining haemoglobin. These findings support indefinite, systematic nutritional surveillance after MBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"''Not a Universal Effect'': Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognition from Pregnancy to Adolescence-A Narrative Review and Nutritional Guidance for a Mediterranean Population.","authors":"Elissar El-Hayek, Marguerita Akiki, Marie-Joelle Chbat, Rita Keyrouz, Celine Mrad, Marc Bouji, Yonna Sacre","doi":"10.3390/nu18193264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are an important class of bioactive lipid mediators, essential for brain development from gestation through adolescence. Yet human studies evaluating the benefits of PUFAs for cognition remain inconsistent. This narrative review synthesizes studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar examining PUFA intake, status, and supplementation in relation to cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes. It uses a thematic approach rather than the systematic search and screening protocol of a systematic review. This review also discusses the genetic determinants of PUFA metabolism and their association with neurodevelopmental outcomes, in addition to nutritional recommendations for Lebanon, a Mediterranean country. Animal models consistently show neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 PUFAs during critical windows of brain development. However, evidence from human studies evaluating the cognitive benefits of PUFAs remains limited and inconsistent, with more pronounced benefits in specific populations with low baseline PUFA status, learning difficulties, ADHD, or preterm birth. Genetic variation in genes involved in PUFA metabolism such as FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL2/5 affects the capacity to synthesize long-chain PUFAs from dietary precursors, helping explain variability in response to omega-3 supplementation. Lebanon's traditional Mediterranean diet already supplies PUFAs and MUFAs; the real challenge is improving adherence to it through nutrition education and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}