Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Alfalfa Polysaccharide Alleviates Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota and the Intestinal Barrier Against the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.","authors":"Shaokai La, Muhammad Abaidullah, Hao Li, Yalei Cui, Boshuai Liu, Yinghua Shi","doi":"10.3390/nu17183001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17183001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis involves gut barrier dysfunction, dysregulated immune responses, and gut microbiota imbalance. Alfalfa polysaccharide (APS), a bioactive compound with immunomodulatory potential, remains underexplored in intestinal inflammation. While APS exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, its in vivo efficacy, mechanisms, and ability to restore gut microbiota and barrier integrity in UC are unclear. This study aims to investigate the treatment effect of APS on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and confirm its prebiotic potential. <b>Methods</b>: A mouse model of ulcerative colitis was induced by DSS. RNA sequencing, Western blotting, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling technique, and an immuno-histochemical technique were used to study the mechanism of action by which APS at different dosages relieves DSS-induced colitis. <b>Results</b>: The findings show that APS alleviated the symptoms of colitis in mice given DSS, improved the gut morphology, heightened goblet cells production, increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-22, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and prevented the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Additionally, they maintained the integrity of the intestine by enhancing the expression of the mucins MUC2 and MUC5AC and by increasing the amounts of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 proteins. Moreover, APS supported the growth of probiotic bacteria, including <i>unclassified_f_lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i>, <i>Alistipes,</i> and <i>Mucispirillum</i>, and in particular, <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i>, which is strongly associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine through the inhibition of the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB pathways. <b>Conclusions</b>: APS can be used as a new type of prebiotic to improve UC by regulating intestinal flora and enhancing intestinal barrier function against the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation, Perinatal Factors, and Pre-Adolescent Asthma: Findings from the Healthy Growth Study.","authors":"Eva Karaglani, Maria Michelle Papamichael, Matzourana Argyropoulou, Dimitra-Irinna Vitoratou, Costas Anastasiou, Mehak Batra, Yibeltal Bekele, Bircan Erbas, Yannis Manios, George Moschonis","doi":"10.3390/nu17182989","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> While the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the prevention of neural tube defects in offspring is well established, its potential role in pediatric asthma development remains unclear, with limited evidence to date. <b>Objective:</b> To identify perinatal and environmental factors that modify the association between maternal folic acid intake and pre-adolescent asthma. <b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Growth Study that consisted of 2332 pre-adolescents (mean age 11 years; asthma <i>n</i> = 451); 50% boys attending elementary schools in Greece. Questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic, perinatal, and environmental characteristics as well as asthma prevalence and maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy (trimesters 1, 2, and 3). Logistic regression models explored the association between maternal folic acid supplementation and pre-adolescent asthma, accounting for perinatal and environmental exposures. <b>Results:</b> Adjusted regression models showed that maternal folic acid supplementation during the third trimester was associated with 34% increased odds of pre-adolescent asthma. Stratified analyses per perinatal and environmental factors revealed significantly higher asthma odds with folic acid supplementation during the second and third trimesters among pre-adolescents born < 37 weeks; non-smoking mothers; in pre-adolescents attending schools of low socioeconomic level; and in neighborhoods having less traffic and more parks. Contrastingly, in appropriate for gestational age (AGA), an infant's first-trimester supplementation increased asthma odds. <b>Conclusions:</b> Maternal folic acid supplementation, particularly in later trimesters, was modestly associated with increased odds of pre-adolescent asthma, modified by perinatal and environmental factors. Future research should explore whether continued folic acid supplementation beyond the first trimester carries differential risks or benefits in asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Regulatory Frameworks for Protein Content Claims for Plant Protein Foods and the Nutrient Intakes of Canadian Adults.","authors":"Songhee Back, Christopher P F Marinangeli, Antonio Rossi, Lamar Elfaki, Mavra Ahmed, Victoria Chen, Shuting Yang, Andreea Zurbau, Alison M Duncan, Mary R L'Abbe, Cyril W C Kendall, John L Sievenpiper, Laura Chiavaroli","doi":"10.3390/nu17182987","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The inability to assign a protein content claim (PCC) to plant foods may impede efforts from Canada's Food Guide to increase consumption of plant protein. A systematic application of PCC frameworks from other regions to Canadian nutrition surveillance data would be useful to model potential effects of PCC regulations on the nutrient intake, protein quality, and corrected protein intake of diets. <b>Methods:</b> Plant food groups that qualified for a PCC within the Canadian Nutrient File according to regulations from Canada, the United States (US), Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), and the European Union (EU) were identified. Adults (≥19 years) (n = 11,817) from The Canadian Community Health Survey (2015) who consumed ≥1 plant food qualifying for a PCC in each region were allocated to the corresponding PCC group. The effects of Canadian PCC regulations on the protein quantity, quality (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score, DIAAS), and nutrient intakes of Canadian diets in adults were compared to PCC groups from other regions. <b>Results:</b> Substantially more individuals were consumers of plant-based protein foods, using the ANZ and the EU PCC regulations, compared to the Canadian and US PCC groups. There were no differences in uncorrected protein intake across PCC groups. All DIAAS values were >0.94, and corrected protein intakes were >74-89 g/day or 16%E across PCC groups. Non-consumers of plant foods eligible for a PCC had corrected protein intakes that ranged between 68 and 78 g/d or 17%E. Generally, consumers of plant foods eligible for a PCC in the US, ANZ, and EU, or both Canada and the US/ANZ/EU, had higher intakes of positive nutrients, such as fibre, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and lower saturated fat. <b>Conclusions:</b> Less restrictive regulatory frameworks for PCC used in ANZ and the EU did not substantially affect protein intake or the protein quality of Canadian diets in adults. These results suggest that more inclusive regulatory frameworks for protein PCCs could support increased intake of food sources of plant proteins in alignment with Canada's Food Guide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS) Compared to Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) Supplementation in Pregnant Individuals: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Mihaela C Kissell, Carolina Pereira, Filomena Gomes, Kidist Woldesenbet, Masresha Tessema, Hiwot Kelemu, Ramadhani Noor, Luz Escubil, Aishwarya Panicker, Ashutosh Mishra, Mai-Anh Hoang, Hou Kroeun, Cassandra Sauer, Meng Sokchea, Crystal D Karakochuk, Masako Horino, Keith P West, Akihiro Seita, Djeinam Toure, Umu H Jalloh, Francis Moses, Aminata S Koroma, Bakary Diarra, Ousmane Camara, Ouassa Sanogo, Kristine Garn, Martin N Mwangi","doi":"10.3390/nu17182994","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) improves birth outcomes more effectively than iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation alone. However, the acceptability of MMS among pregnant individuals, a critical factor for adherence and program success, remains poorly defined and inconsistently assessed. This narrative review proposes a comprehensive definition of \"acceptability\" in the context of nutritional supplementation and evaluates the evidence on the acceptability of MMS compared to IFA in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a systematic literature search across Embase, Medline, and Scopus to identify studies (including grey literature) reporting on acceptability-related outcomes for MMS versus IFA among pregnant individuals. Studies exploring dimensions such as organoleptic properties, ease of consumption, side effects, cultural appropriateness, and socioeconomic factors were included. <b>Results</b>: Out of 1056 screened studies, five informed a novel multi-dimensional definition of acceptability. Six studies assessed acceptability-related characteristics. MMS was generally accepted across most organoleptic domains. Most studies reported fewer or comparable adverse side effects for MMS as compared to IFA. Studies consistently reported more perceived benefits for MMS than IFA. Facilitating factors included trust in health professionals, free provision, and family support. Barriers included poor taste or smell, fear of side effects, misconceptions, cost, and lack of family support. <b>Conclusions</b>: Antenatal MMS is widely acceptable in LMICs. Addressing socio-cultural, sensory, and socioeconomic factors is essential to increase uptake and adherence. This review provides a clear, standardized definition of acceptability to guide future research and inform effective program design.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Human Immune Cells by Propyl-Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) Inhibits Colorectal Tumor Progression in a Humanized Mouse Model.","authors":"María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo, Luckman Gbati, Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras, Ailec Ho-Plágaro, Teresa Vezza, Laura López-Escánez, Carmen Griñán-Lisón, Juan Antonio Marchal, Alberto Baños, María José Rodríguez-Sánchez, Jorge García-García, Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón, Julio Gálvez, María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas, Alba Rodríguez-Nogales","doi":"10.3390/nu17182993","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge and current therapies are not always effective. In addition, certain immune cell populations, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), pose a significant barrier to immune-based treatments. Some phytochemicals, particularly compounds derived from <i>Allium</i> spp. like Propyl-Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO), have shown strong immunomodulatory potential in digestive disorders. This study aims to investigate the capacity of PTSO to modulate immune responses and affect tumor progression in CRC models, in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on the immune cell populations that comprise the tumor microenvironment. <b>Methods</b>: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were incubated with PTSO (25 μM for 48 h) and characterized by flow cytometry. These cells (1 × 10⁶) were then injected into NOD scid gamma (NSG) immunodeficient mice, which were simultaneously induced to develop a subcutaneous tumor by injection of HCT116 enriched cancer stem cells (CSCs) colonospheres (60,000 cells/mouse). <b>Results</b>: PTSO reduced MDSC populations, specifically, it significantly reduced monocytic (M-MDSCs, Control: 7.27 ± 0.53% vs. PTSO: 4.70 ± 2.39%; <i>p</i> = 0.0458) and polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSCs, Control: 5.28 ± 0.99% vs. PTSO: 3.41 ± 1.58%; <i>p</i> = 0.0385) MDSCs. In parallel, PTSO increased T cell subpopulations, particularly interferon gamma (IFNG)-producing cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells (Control: 9.52 ± 2.06% vs. PTSO: 15.04 ± 5.01%; <i>p</i> = 0.0685). In the humanized tumor xenograft mouse, the administration of PTSO-pretreated hPBMCs led to a significant reduction in tumor size (Control: 1.43 ± 0.82 cm³ vs. PTSO: 0.44 ± 0.35 cm³; <i>p</i> = 0.0068), accompanied by increased infiltration of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells and downregulation of immunosuppressive genes. These effects resulted in a reduction in cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. <b>Conclusions</b>: The dual effect of PTSO on immune cell populations, reducing immunosuppressive myeloid cells and enhancing effector T lymphocyte and NK cell responses, resulted in an anti-tumor effect, highlighting this bioactive compound as a promising adjuvant in CRC immunotherapy and opening avenues for future research combining immunotherapy with PTSO in alternative models to optimize dosing and enhance translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin Combined with Tryptophan Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Regulation of Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Hedong Jiang, Gonglong Li, Liuming Xie, Nanhai Zhang, Yi Huang, Xinli Liang, Fanghua Guo, Qieying Jiang, Zhenggen Liao","doi":"10.3390/nu17182988","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Curcumin (Cur) and tryptophan (Trp) both show promise for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) alone, but their combination has not been explored. This study investigated the therapeutic advantage of the combination (Cur-Trp) for DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. <b>Methods</b>: We established a mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The mice were treated with Cur, Trp, or Cur-Trp, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects, we assessed clinical signs such as body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and colon length. We also examined intestinal barrier function through indicators including histopathological changes, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, mucin secretion, and tight junction protein expression. Additionally, we analyzed the composition of gut microbiota and the content of its metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). <b>Results</b>: The Cur-Trp group produced the most significant improvement, exceeding that of Cur or Trp group. This was evidenced by a significant recovery of this sign, including slower weight loss, reduced colon shortening, and de-creased disease activity index. Compared with the model group, the weight loss of mice in the Cur-Trp group was reduced from 17.15% to 9.73%, which was better than that in the cur group (11.33%) and the Trp group (11.59%). The DAI decreased from the model group (3.6) to the Cur-Trp group (2.4), while the DAI in the Cur group and the Trp group only decreased to 2.9 and 2.8, respectively. The colon length in the Cur-Trp group (6.52 cm) was larger than that in the cur group (6.31 cm), the Trp group (6.23 cm) and the model group (5.5 cm). The Cur-Trp intervention effectively restored intestinal barrier function, as shown by reducing colon tissue dam-age, modulating inflammatory factors, restoring oxidative balance, increasing mucin secretion, and upregulating tight junction protein expression. Further studies showed that the combination uniquely modulated the gut microbiome, increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, decreased the genus of pro-inflammatory bacteria, and in-creased beneficial bacteria, while increasing SCFA levels to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. <b>Conclusions</b>: Cur-Trp has shown great potential in alleviating colitis and promoting intestinal barrier function, suggesting that the combination of Cur and Trp has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic functional food or dietary supplement for UC. However, more studies are needed to validate this finding. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms, optimizing dosage and clinical trials in chronic models and humans to provide more targeted treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dietitian-Guided Individualized Nutrition (DGIN) on ICU Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.","authors":"Shih-Ching Lo, Hsing-Chun Lin, Yu-Hsun Wang, Ying-Ru Chen, Shun-Fa Yang","doi":"10.3390/nu17182995","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> On 1 October 2019, the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Administration introduced reimbursement for nutritional care services provided to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, under the category of nutritional care fees. These services included the implementation of structured, dietitian-guided individualized nutrition (DGIN) protocols designed to address the clinical needs of critically ill patients. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DGIN in critically ill patients following the implementation of NHI coverage. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the ICU of a tertiary medical center, including patients admitted between 1 September 2018 and 31 October 2020, encompassing periods both before and after the initiation of NHI coverage. Under NHI coverage, dietitian-guided individualized nutritional support was provided within the first two weeks of admission. The intervention group received DGIN within the first two weeks of ICU admission. A total of 5292 patients were screened; 2381 were included in the final analysis (1116 in the standard care (SC) group and 1265 in the DGIN group), categorized based on the timing of NHI coverage and the corresponding frequency of dietitian visits. The DGIN protocol comprised a baseline assessment within 24-48 h and three structured reviews during the first ICU week, while the comparator received SC. Demographic characteristics, daily nutritional data, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Significant baseline differences in nutritional intake and disease severity were observed. Following the introduction of the DGIN protocol, the intervention group received more structured and closely monitored nutrition management, which resulted in less aggressive caloric intake. This approach was associated with a significantly shorter ICU length of stay (SC: 8.1 ± 6.7 days vs. DGIN: 7.1 ± 7.4 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: An ICU nutritional care plan involving frequent assessments and timely interventions by clinical dietitians is associated with a reduced ICU length of stay in critically ill patients. These findings support the effectiveness of integrating dietitian-led nutritional care into national health insurance coverage for ICU patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable Camera-Based Objective Screen Time and Its Combined Associations with Dietary and Physical Activity Factors in Relation to Childhood Obesity.","authors":"Yi Liu, Ke-Xin Wang, Yu-Xi Zhou, Shi-Yu Yan, Antje Hebestreit, Hai-Jun Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17182990","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and objectives</b>: The objective of this study was to test the effects of objectively measured screen time using wearable cameras, along with dietary intake and physical activity level (and their interaction), on obesity among Chinese school-aged children. <b>Methods</b>: This study was conducted among 52 fourth-grade children (age: 9.76 ± 0.44; 50% boy) in Beijing, including children with obesity and age- and sex-matched normal-weight controls. Screen time (min/day) was coded from wearable camera images collected over one week using image recognition, physical activity measured using accelerometers, and dietary intake via camera-assisted 3-day 24 h dietary recalls. Logistic regression and generalized additive models assessed associations with obesity indicators, including general (obesity; percentage of body fat, BF%) and central (waist circumference; weight-to-height ratio). The combined effects of screen time with dietary and physical activity factors were also analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Children with obesity had longer daily screen time (94.91 ± 35.44 vs. 83.15 ± 36.86 min). Longer screen time was associated with higher energy and carbohydrate intake, more average duration per meal, a higher proportion of meals with screen, increased sedentary time, and a lower proportion of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). After adjusting for dietary intake and demographic covariates, longer screen time (≥1.3 h/day) was linked to higher odds of obesity (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.09, 16.53) and BF% (OR = 6.14, 95% CI = 1.29, 29.10). Less protein intake (OR = 9.57, 95% CI = 1.31, 70.14), more proportion of meals with screen (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.22, 33.61), less proportion of meals with social interaction (OR = 5.90, 95% CI: 1.01, 34.59), and less MVPA (OR = 5.21, 95% CI = 1.11, 24.43) with more screen time increased obesity risk. <b>Conclusions</b>: Objectively measured screen time was positively associated with the risk of childhood obesity. Longer screen time combined with lower protein intake, a higher proportion of meals consumed while watching screens, less meals with social interaction, and lower MVPA may collectively increase obesity risk. These findings call for efforts to reduce screen exposure, promote MVPA, and increase dietary protein intake. Additionally, encouraging children to avoid screen use during meals and promoting parent or peer companionship during eating may help reduce the risk of childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Postpartum Period: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Greyce Minarini, Eliane Lima, Karla Figueiredo, Ana Paula Carmona, Mariana Bueno, Nátaly Monroy, Cândida Primo","doi":"10.3390/nu17182992","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Breastfeeding is essential to maternal and child health, and multiple factors influence its success. This study examined the factors associated with breastfeeding type among infants aged 0 to 12 weeks. <b>Methods:</b> A mixed-methods study, employing a convergent design, was conducted in the rooming in unit of a hospital in Espírito Santo, Brazil. A total of 296 mothers of neonates ≥ 34 weeks participated in both the quantitative and qualitative phases. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews conducted in the hospital setting. In the quantitative phase, data were collected via telephone in three waves (on days 14, 40, and 90 postpartum), critical moments for establishing and maintaining breastfeeding, analyzing sociodemographic factors (age, education, marital status, number of pregnancies), clinical factors (gestational age, mode of delivery, milk production) and support factors (social and hospital). Descriptive statistical analysis and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used, conducted in R 4.3.3 software. The qualitative and quantitative findings were integrated through simultaneous incorporation and presented in a joint display. <b>Results:</b> The analysis showed that although most mothers had high adherence to prenatal care, breastfeeding counseling was insufficient. In addition to the type of delivery and immediate skin-to-skin contact, other factors were also found to be relevant to maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. Higher maternal education and a greater number of pregnancies were associated with better breastfeeding practices, albeit with variations in statistical significance. Support received during hospitalization, especially from the healthcare team, also emerged as a central element in the qualitative reports, reinforcing its role as a protective factor for continued breastfeeding. Early formula use within the first 48 h was identified as a barrier to initiating and maintaining breastfeeding. <b>Conclusions:</b> The duration and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding varied over time, depending on factors such as the number of prenatal appointments, education level, number of pregnancies, mode of delivery, immediate skin-to-skin contact, and, most importantly, the use of formula in the first 48 h. The early introduction of formula in maternity wards represented a significant obstacle to breastfeeding, reinforcing the importance of integrated public policies and multidisciplinary initiatives that promote breastfeeding from birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation on Biochemical, Clinical, and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Different Types of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Alejandro Bruna-Mejías, Rocío Valdivia-Arroyo, Emelyn Sofia Becerra-Rodríguez, Ignacio Clasing-Cárdenas, Yesica Tatiana Castaño-Gallego, Guinevere Granite, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Gloria Cifuentes-Suazo, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza, Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida","doi":"10.3390/nu17182991","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aims:</b> Numerous clinical and observational studies have examined the role of vitamin D in glycemic control and metabolic regulation among diabetic patients, but findings remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, and the likelihood of reversion to normoglycemia in prediabetic individuals. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of multiple databases was performed using keywords including \"diabetes mellitus,\" \"type 2 diabetes,\" \"vitamin D supplementation,\" and \"VD supplementation.\" Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. <b>Results:</b> Vitamin D supplementation was associated with significant improvements across several parameters, including HOMA-β (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.63-0.80; <i>p</i> < 0.00001), HDL cholesterol (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.05-0.09; <i>p</i> < 0.00001), and others (SMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.34; <i>p</i> < 0.00001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Vitamin D supplementation appears to provide beneficial effects on glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Specifically, supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c%, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and C-reactive protein while increasing the rate of normoglycemia among prediabetic individuals. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base regarding vitamin D's role in diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}