Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> in Mit-Igating Hemolytic Jaundice.","authors":"Fan Yang, Siyi Xie, Wenjing Yang, Chuanhong Zhu, Yurong Chen, Haozhuo Yang, Hongxia Yuan, Qingshan Li","doi":"10.3390/nu18193225","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hemolytic jaundice, characterized by excessive bilirubin production and hepatic dysfunction, currently lacks effective therapeutic strategies targeting its underlying mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of the aqueous extract of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> (IO) in ameliorating hemolytic jaundice through modulation of the gut-liver axis. A murine model of hemolytic jaundice was induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ) administration, and IO was orally administered as the intervention. Antibiotic depletion and FMT verified gut microbiota dependence. Liver injury, serum bilirubin, gut microbiome, and metabolites were assessed. <b>Results:</b> IO treatment significantly alleviated PHZ-induced hemolytic jaundice in mice. Notably, antibiotic-mediated depletion of the gut microbiota abolished the hepatoprotective effects of IO, whereas fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from IO-treated donors conferred marked amelioration of hyperbilirubinemia in recipient mice. Integrative multi-omics analysis identified Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii as the predominant microbial species altered by IO. Furthermore, IO upregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in both hepatic and intestinal tissues and also increased the expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). These alterations were correlated with an increased excretion of bile acids and bilirubin into the intestinal lumen, thereby mitigating hepatic injury. This process may be associated with the modulation of gut microbiota. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings collectively provide evidence of a significant correlation between IO treatment and the mitigation of hemolytic jaundice, achieved by modulating the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and bilirubin through the regulation of gut microbiota. Our results highlight the potential of IO as a microbiota-directed nutritional strategy for the management of jaundice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Pre-Pregnancy Excess Weight and the Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio in Breast Milk: A Directed Acyclic Graph-Based Analysis.","authors":"Daniele Marano, Fernanda Mazzoli, Carolina Dos Santos Ferreira, Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa, Marina Vilarim, Letícia Victória Amaral Conceição, Eliana da Silva Pereira, Taciana Maia de Sousa, Leila Maria Lopes da Silva, Tatiana El-Bacha","doi":"10.3390/nu18193219","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: We aimed to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy excess weight and the adequacy of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to guide the selection of potential confounders. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 89 lactating women visiting a breast milk bank in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pre-pregnancy excess weight was assessed using the body mass index according to World Health Organization criteria. ω-6 and ω-3 levels were determined by gas chromatography, and their ratios were calculated and categorized, with a ratio of greater than 10 being considered inadequate in accordance with dietary intake recommendations for these fatty acids. A DAG was constructed to identify a minimally sufficient set of confounders, including maternal age, socioeconomic status, parity, interbirth interval and food consumption patterns. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. <b>Results</b>: The mean ω-6/ω-3 ratio was 10.8. Prevalence of inadequate ω-6/ω-3 ratio was higher in women with pre-pregnancy excess weight compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy weight. After adjusting for the confounders identified by the DAG, prevalence of inadequate ω-6/ω-3 ratio was higher among women with pre-pregnancy excess weight (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02-1.78). <b>Conclusions</b>: Pre-pregnancy excess weight is associated with an unfavorable breast milk lipid profile characterized by an imbalance in the ω-3 to ω-6 essential fatty acid ratio. The use of a DAG-based approach enables parsimonious and theoretically grounded adjustment for potential confounders, contributing to greater robustness of the findings. Our results underscore the importance of nutritional care strategies during the preconception period to promote maternal and child health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status and Cognition in Older Adults: Modification by Apolipoprotein E ε4.","authors":"Young Min Choe, Ji-Hyun Kim, Hye Ji Choi, Boung Chul Lee, Guk-Hee Suh, Shin Gyeom Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Jaeuk Hwang, Dahyun Yi, Jee Wook Kim","doi":"10.3390/nu18193217","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Malnutrition is a modifiable risk factor for late-life cognitive decline, but whether its cognitive correlates vary by genetic risk is unclear. We examined whether the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) modifies associations of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its subscales with global cognition. <b>Methods</b>: In this cross-sectional analysis of 196 non-demented older Korean adults from the General Lifestyle and Alzheimer's Disease (GLAD) cohort, multiple linear regression tested associations of MNA total (MNA-T), screening (MNA-S), and assessment (MNA-A) scores with the CERAD total score (TS), including MNA × APOE4 interactions. Exploratory analyses examined one representative item per a priori nutritional domain. <b>Results</b>: After adjustment, MNA-T (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and MNA-A (<i>p</i> = 0.003), but not MNA-S (<i>p</i> = 0.065), were associated with TS. APOE4 carrier status modified these associations (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively); associations were evident in non-carriers but not in carriers, an underpowered subgroup (<i>n</i> = 40). Among the domain-representative items, only self-rated health survived Bonferroni correction (<i>p</i> = 0.006); protein intake (<i>p</i> = 0.025) and calf circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.043) showed nominal associations only. <b>Conclusions</b>: Better nutritional status was associated with better global cognition, predominantly in APOE4 non-carriers. These hypothesis-generating findings require confirmation in larger longitudinal and interventional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Korean Healthy Eating Index with Phase Angle and Extracellular Water-to-Total Body Water Ratio: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study.","authors":"Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon","doi":"10.3390/nu18193213","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Phase angle and the extracellular water-to-total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio, derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, have attracted interest as biomarkers. This cross-sectional study analyzed the associations of dietary quality with phase angle and the ECW/TBW ratio. <b>Methods:</b> This study used a nationally representative sample of 12,162 adults from the Republic of Korea. Dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI; range: 0-100), with higher scores indicating better dietary quality, and categorized into quartiles. Phase angle (°) and the ECW/TBW ratio (%) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Linear regression models were used to analyze associations between the KHEI and phase angle and the ECW/TBW ratio, with results reported as beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <b>Results:</b> The mean (standard deviation) phase angle and ECW/TBW ratio were 5.37 (0.80)° and 38.19 (0.79)%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, higher KHEI scores were associated with higher phase angle, with β (95% CI) values of 0.04 (0.01, 0.07), 0.06 (0.02, 0.09), and 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Additionally, higher KHEI scores were associated with a lower ECW/TBW ratio, with β (95% CI) values of -0.03 (-0.07, -0.00), -0.06 (-0.09, -0.02), and -0.07 (-0.10, -0.03) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings showed that dietary quality was positively associated with phase angle and negatively associated with the ECW/TBW ratio. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm temporal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riboflavin as a Regulator of Cellular Metabolism: From the Classic Vitamin B2 to a Key Redox Factor.","authors":"Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska, Krzysztof Halczuk, Bolesław T Karwowski","doi":"10.3390/nu18193223","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Riboflavin, i.e., vitamin B2, was first isolated by Kuhn and Győrgy in 1933, who reported that it acts as a growth factor. Riboflavin has long been known to play a key role in energy metabolism and cellular respiration, and its deficiency negatively affects skin and mucous membrane health. More recent studies have found it to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and to serve as the core of flavin coenzymes (FAD, FMN), which enable the respiratory chain and β-oxidation. Riboflavin also plays a key role as an antioxidant. While it is not a classic free antioxidant, it supports the enzymatic antioxidant system by supporting glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and ROS neutralization. On the other hand, when exposed to light, riboflavin exhibits photosensitizing properties that generate reactive oxygen species. As a result, it can initiate oxidative processes involving lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby exhibiting a prooxidative effect. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of riboflavin in cellular and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability and Acceptability of a Mobile Food Record in Free-Living Athletes: A Single-Group Observational Study.","authors":"Fabricio Forchino, Dale W Chapman, Carly J Brade, Kagan J Ducker, Fengqing Zhu, Deborah A Kerr","doi":"10.3390/nu18193208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Accurate assessment of energy intake in free-living athletes is constrained by reporting burden, reactivity, and variable adherence. Image-based dietary assessment methods, such as the mobile food record application (mFR™), may partially address these limitations, although their usability and acceptability in athletes have not been determined. This study evaluated the usability and acceptability of the mFR™ app in free-living athletes and described adherence to a four-day recording protocol. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty athletes (13 males, 7 females; 25.2 ± 7.6 years; 13 classified as Tier 1, recreationally active, and seven as Tier 2 to 3) were asked to record all food and drink over four consecutive days using the mFR™ app installed on their mobile phone device, capturing before- and after-eating images and including a fiducial marker. Acceptability and usability were assessed via an online questionnaire with Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Adherence was described as recording at least one eating occasion on each of the four target days and as completion of the questionnaire; no adherence criterion was prespecified. Likert responses were summarised using frequencies and percentages, and free-text responses were analysed descriptively at a semantic level. <b>Results</b>: Thirteen participants (65%) recorded at least one eating occasion on all four days and all completed the questionnaire (<i>n</i> = 20). Most participants (85%) agreed they 'found it easy to take photos' of their food and beverage intake. Remembering to capture images before main meals was perceived as manageable (55% agreement), whereas capturing images before snacks was considered challenging (15% agreement). No problems with the app were reported by 90% of participants, and 80% expressed willingness to use the mFR application again. Half of the participants (50%) reported that recording influenced their dietary behaviour, with qualitative responses describing increased awareness of food choices. <b>Conclusions</b>: Usability and acceptability of the mFR™ app were generally rated favourably by participants in this study, whereas adherence declined across the four-day recording period and the completeness of recording within each day could not be established. These findings provide preliminary evidence of acceptability, alongside incomplete adherence and unverified within-day completeness, which require attention before the mFR™ app is used to estimate habitual intake in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Milk and Dairy Intake with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dongyue Hu, Xiaoxiao Li, Yan Huang, Honglv Xu","doi":"10.3390/nu18193197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents has become a growing global public health concern. However, evidence regarding the association of milk and dairy intake with anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents remains inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this association. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for observational studies published up to March 2026. Studies involving children and adolescents aged 6-19 years that assessed milk and dairy intake in relation to anxiety or depressive symptoms were eligible. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality of Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies tool. <i>OR</i> and 95% <i>CI</i> were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261328004). <b>Results:</b> A total of 10 studies were included, comprising eight cross-sectional studies and two cohort studies, with participants aged 7-19 years. A Meta-analysis of six cross-sectional studies (123,519 participants, eight effect sizes) found no significant association between dairy intake and depressive symptoms (<i>OR</i> = 0.70, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.46-1.07, <i>p</i> = 0.10). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested potential inverse associations among Asian children and adolescents (<i>OR</i> = 0.40, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.17-0.94, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and for general dairy intake (<i>OR</i> = 0.39, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.18-0.85, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Furthermore, only two individual studies reported inverse associations between milk and dairy intake and anxiety symptoms. However, these findings could not be quantitatively synthesized. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, milk and dairy intake was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested potential inverse associations in the Asian subgroup and the general dairy intake subgroup. The evidence was limited by the predominance of cross-sectional studies, substantial heterogeneity, the small number of studies, limited geographic representation, and the inability to formally assess publication bias. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between milk and dairy intake and mental health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acute Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Moderate-to-Hot Ambient Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xinkai Wang, Taihe Liang, Yiran Liu, Xuda Zhang, Shiao Zhao, Zhide Liang, Senyao Du, Yixiang Peng, Ziheng Ning","doi":"10.3390/nu18193200","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An ambient-temperature eligibility criterion of ≥22 °C was treated as an operational lower boundary spanning moderate or mildly warm to hot conditions, not as a universal physiological threshold for heat stress. This systematic review and three-level meta-analysis evaluated acute carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) supplementation versus a water or non-caloric placebo during exercise at these temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PROSPERO registration (CRD420261410953), five databases were searched to May 2026 for randomized controlled trials. Nested effect sizes were synthesized using three-level random-effects models (Hedges' g), and certainty was evaluated with RoB 2 and GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A secondary omnibus synthesis included 32 effect sizes from 21 studies (N = 316) and yielded a small positive average estimate (g = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.53; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 46.7%), although the 95% prediction interval crossed the null (-0.21 to 0.96). Primary outcome-domain analysis identified a positive average estimate for aerobic endurance (g = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.64), whereas evidence for anaerobic endurance, explosive power, and strength remained inconclusive. Post hoc threshold sensitivity analyses retained positive mean estimates after excluding trials at 22-25 °C (>25 °C: g = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.59) and at ≥28 °C (g = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.61), but both prediction intervals crossed zero. Neither ambient temperature nor exposure duration was a significant linear moderator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute CHO-E supplementation was associated with a small average performance difference, concentrated in aerobic endurance, within the specified ambient-temperature range. Because the trials compared treatments within the same environmental condition rather than hot with thermoneutral exercise, these results do not establish that CHO-E offsets heat-induced performance decrements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Modulation of the Immuno-Biomineral Interface: From Vascular Calcification to a Hypothesis-Generating Framework for Tumor-Associated Biomineralization.","authors":"Nishmitha N Hegde, Jayalaxmi Shetty, Chaithra Lakshmi, Mithra N Hegde","doi":"10.3390/nu18193198","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193198","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pathological biomineralization is increasingly recognized as a regulated biological process involving interactions among mineral metabolism, inflammation, cellular stress, extracellular vesicles (EVs), extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and mineral precursors. These processes are particularly well characterized in vascular calcification, where immune, metabolic, vesicular, and matrix-associated pathways contribute to ectopic mineral deposition. Tumor-associated mineralization is also documented in several malignancies, but its cellular origins, mineral composition, and biological significance remain substantially less defined. The Immuno-Biomineral Interface (IBI) is proposed here as a hypothesis-generating conceptual framework for integrating these interacting processes and examining potential mechanistic connections between established vascular calcification pathways and tumor-associated biomineralization. Nutritional status can modulateseveral biological processes implicated in pathological calcification, including mineral homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, ECM remodeling, and EV biology. Magnesium, vitamin K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected polyphenols have been investigated in experimental and clinical contexts, although the strength and consistency of evidence vary according to nutrient, dose, biological system, and outcome. The strongest evidence for nutritional modulation of pathological calcification derives from vascular and renal contexts. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for considering nutrition as a potentially modifiable influence on IBI-associated processes, rather than as a single upstream determinant of pathological biomineralization. Most mechanistic evidence reviewed here derives from vascular calcification. Tumor microenvironments nevertheless exhibit processes also implicated in pathological calcification, including chronic inflammation, ECM remodeling, altered calcium and mineral handling, cellular stress, and EV-mediated communication. These observations identify potential points of mechanistic convergence but do not demonstrate that vascular and tumor-associated mineralization arise through equivalent pathways. Importantly, direct evidence that defined nutritional exposures modify the initiation, composition, maturation, or spatial distribution of tumor-associated mineral deposits remains scarce. The proposed nutrition-IBI-tumor biomineralization relationship should therefore be regarded as a testable, hypothesis-generating model rather than an established causal pathway. Asa narrative review, we integrate evidence from nutritional science, vascular biology, immunology, EV research, mineral metabolism, and cancer biology to critically distinguish established mechanisms from indirect evidence and hypothesis-generating extrapolations. We further highlight key knowledge gaps concerning nutrient-dependent regulation of immune responses, EV biology, matrix remodeling, and m","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Assisted Nutrition Estimation and Exercise Support for Integrated Lifestyle Management in Patients with Diabetes.","authors":"Muhammad Jamil, Adnan Kavak, Hossein Fotouhi, Md Rashed, Emre Gezer, Alpaslan Burak İnner, Gautam Srivastava","doi":"10.3390/nu18193207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193207","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; Multidimensional lifestyle interventions that combine healthy diet, physical activity, and psychosocial support are central to the effective self-management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although digital health tools can improve lifestyle monitoring, existing AI-based dietary assessment methods often struggle to estimate food quantity accurately because the food size and scale are difficult to determine from images. This can lead to inconsistent estimates of food mass and energy content. This paper aimed to develop and technically evaluate PC&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;FoodNet, an AI-based framework for food recognition and physics-constrained physical quantity estimation, and to integrate dietary assessment and exercise support within the proposed AI-assisted Diabetes Care (AIDCare) mHealth platform for multidisciplinary lifestyle support. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The AIDCare platform incorporates AI-assisted nutrition and professionally guided exercise modules to support personalized lifestyle management for individuals with diabetes. For dietary assessment, PC&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;FoodNet uses an EfficientNetV2-S backbone with multi-task regression and food-density priors to jointly model food volume, mass, and energy. A nutrition professional-in-the-loop approach supports the development and review of individualized diet plans and the assessment of patients' daily key nutrient intake according to individual nutritional requirements. The exercise module includes professionally designed exercises using Unreal Engine's MetaHuman plugin. The model was evaluated using four-fold stratified cross-validation on a dataset of 22,070 images covering 40 Turkish food categories. For physical quantity modeling, volume, mass, and energy targets were derived from standardized category-level references anchored to a 100 g reference portion rather than from image-specific ground-truth measurements. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; PC&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;FoodNet achieved a mean Top-1 classification accuracy of 94.39% ± 0.47% and Top-5 accuracy of 98.90% ± 0.18% across the four folds. The corresponding Macro-F1 and Weighted-F1 scores were 93.14% ± 0.59% and 94.16% ± 0.36%, respectively. For the standardized category-level reference targets, the physics-constrained regression framework achieved mean MAE and RMSE values of 2.14 mL and 3.01 mL for reference volume, 21.65 g and 30.17 g for reference mass, and 41.20 kcal and 57.55 kcal for reference energy across all 22,070 pooled out-of-fold predictions. The confidence-based referral mechanism identified uncertain cases for clinical review, resulting in a clinical referral rate of 23.81%. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; AIDCare combines physics-constrained AI-based dietary assessment with personalized physical activity and continuous psychosocial support. A nutrition professional remains involved when AI predictions are uncertain, reducing the risks associated with fully automated lifestyle recommendations. The proposed approach provides a practical f","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}