Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Rational Use of Elimination Diets in Infants and Toddlers: Navigating the Overlap Between Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) and Food Allergy-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Anna Stochel-Gaudyn, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga","doi":"10.3390/nu18193211","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are the most common cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in infants and toddlers. The overall prevalence in the pediatric population aged 0-48 months is approximately one in four children. DGBI symptoms such as excessive crying, regurgitation, constipation or altered bowel movements can often mimic or overlap with food allergy (FA) manifestations, especially non-IgE-mediated allergy, thus posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. As a consequence, prolonged empiric elimination diets are often initiated in DGBI management despite limited evidence-based data. Although temporary clinical improvement may be observed and suggestive of FA, failure to perform allergen reintroduction can lead to unnecessary elimination, serious nutritional deficiencies, compromised development of oral skills, neophobia and reduced quality of life for both the child and its caregivers. It can also increase healthcare costs. The aim of this narrative review is to identify current evidence supporting the use of elimination diets in the most common DGBI in infants and toddlers, which include infantile colic, regurgitation, dyschezia and functional constipation, as well as functional diarrhea. We also emphasize distinguishing physiological and functional symptoms from allergy symptoms, as well as identifying clinical situations where both conditions can co-exist, thus justifying diagnostic elimination diets. Finally, we highlight both the benefits and potential harms of dietary restrictions in order to support an accurate diagnostic approach and optimize nutritional management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Obesity Induces DNA Methylation Changes in the Kidneys and Blood of Rodent Offspring at Adulthood.","authors":"Benjamin P Larkin, Long T Nguyen, Naveen K Parthiban, Hui Chen, Alen Faiz, Kushalee Jayawickreme, Sarah Glastras, Carol A Pollock, Sonia Saad","doi":"10.3390/nu18193212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify differentially methylated genes in offspring of obese versus lean mothers using a mouse model of maternal obesity.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse conditions during fetal development predispose offspring to adult diseases, supporting the theory of fetal programming. DNA methylation is suggested as a mechanism by which maternal obesity induces fetal programming. As maternal obesity predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disease (CKD), we aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in maternal obesity related to CKD in the offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maternal obesity was modelled by feeding female C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet before breeding, and during gestation and lactation. Control dams received chow. Male offspring were weaned to chow on postnatal day 20 and were sacrificed at 32 weeks of age (adulthood). Another cohort was sacrificed at birth. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the offspring kidney and blood at adulthood and at birth. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adult offspring of obese dams showed significant DMGs in both kidney and blood at adulthood in association with increased levels of kidney injury. Among these, 10 genes were differentially methylated in the kidney, out of which, four genes were also differentially methylated in the blood. An additional 10 genes were differentially methylated in the blood only. Renal mRNA expression of four genes (<i>Rcsd1</i>, <i>Cdk8</i>, <i>Taco1</i> and <i>Axin2</i>) was significantly upregulated, confirming transcriptional alteration of these genes in the offspring due to epigenetic regulation. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of genes involved in the Wnt canonical signalling pathway. In comparison, no significant DMGs were detected at day 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal obesity induced differential gene methylation in the kidneys and blood of adult offspring. Several of these genes have shown high relevance to kidney fibrosis, diabetes or obesity, supporting the role of epigenetic regulation in fetal programming to CKD by maternal obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of <i>Artemisia sphaerocephala</i> Krasch Polysaccharide Against Polyethylene-Microplastic-Induced Intestinal and Testicular Injury in Male Mice.","authors":"Peng Chen, Wenting Li, Yujia Li, Chunhua Zhang, Hua Bao, Haizhou Sun","doi":"10.3390/nu18193224","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microplastics can cause intestinal flora imbalance and testicular damage. <i>Artemisia sphaerocephala</i> Krasch polysaccharide (ASKP) is a plant-derived polysaccharide with antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory properties, but the protective effects of ASKP against polyethylene-microplastic-induced intestinal and testicular injury remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of ASKP on intestinal and testicular damage in male mice induced by polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty male ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: untreated mice (control group, CON); PE-MP-only-treated mice (MP group); and PE-MP-exposed mice orally administered with a crude ASKP preparation at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg BW (LAM, MAM, and HAM groups, respectively) for 60 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PE-MP exposure reduced the average daily gain, jejunal villus height, and serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels while increasing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress levels. However, ASKP supplementation, particularly at 300 mg/kg, partially restored growth performance, intestinal villus morphology, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, sex hormone concentrations and seminiferous tubule diameter. Gut microflora analysis showed that crude ASKP preparation increased the <i>Anaerotruncus</i>, <i>Mucispirillum</i> and <i>Candidatus Arthromitus</i> abundances while reducing <i>Desulfovibrio</i> abundance. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations between these microbial taxa and inflammatory/oxidative stress markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Crude ASKP preparation mitigates PE-MP-induced toxicity in male mice by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation levels and improving gut microbiota composition and reproductive hormone levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Processed Foods in Early Life: Biological Mechanisms, Developmental Programming and Childhood Obesity-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Oana-Raluca Temneanu, Laura Iulia Bozomitu, Adriana Mihai, Andreea-Luciana Avasiloaiei, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Otilia Novac, Felicia Trofin, Ancuta Lupu, Mihaela Monica Alexoae, Bogdan Novac, Emil Anton, Elena Hanganu, Raluca Olariu, Ileana Katerina Ioniuc","doi":"10.3390/nu18193214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity now affects more than 160 million children and adolescents worldwide, and over the same period ultra-processed foods have come to dominate the early-life diet. This review sets out a single argument: that the effect of ultra-processed foods on childhood obesity is better read developmentally, and that the digestive tract is the organ through which much of that effect is transmitted. Exposure begins before birth and continues through the first 1000 days and complementary feeding, the period in which the gut microbiota assembles and the intestinal barrier matures. We show how ultra-processed foods perturb these two systems in particular: a low-fibre, additive-rich, energy-dense diet reshapes microbial community structure and depletes short-chain fatty acid production, while emulsifiers and other additives thin the mucus layer and raise intestinal permeability, admitting microbial products that sustain low-grade inflammation. We trace how these gut-level changes feed forward into altered appetite regulation, adipocyte biology and, ultimately, excess adiposity, and we situate the other proposed mechanisms (matrix disruption, hyperpalatability, accelerated eating rate, endocrine-disrupting additives and central reward signalling) around this digestive core, marking at each step where the evidence is paediatric and where it rests on adult or animal data. The epidemiological literature is appraised by study design, and the constraints on causal inference are stated plainly: NOVA misclassification, residual confounding, reverse causation, dietary misreporting and the scarcity of paediatric trials. The practical implication is that prevention framed around early-life gut health, rather than around cumulative adult-style exposure, is where intervention is most plausibly effective. We are explicit throughout that most of the mechanistic evidence derives from animal or adult studies and that a causal role for ultra-processed foods in childhood adiposity, though biologically plausible, is not yet established in paediatric populations; the developmental reading we advance is the most coherent interpretation of an associational evidence base, not a demonstrated causal chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Goat Cheeses Show No Differences in Postprandial Satiety During Caloric Restriction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.","authors":"Diana A Vela-Vásquez, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Aram Y Rubio-Reyes, Estela Garza-Brenner, Claudia P Beltrán-Altamirano, Ana M Sifuentes-Rincón","doi":"10.3390/nu18193215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Satiety and appetite control are key strategies for successful weight loss. Goat dairy may increase satiety, highlighting its potential role in weight control and metabolic health. This study evaluated satiety, changes in acylated ghrelin concentrations, and anthropometric outcomes in volunteers following a calorie-deficit diet that included goat cheese with different fat contents. <b>Methods</b>: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, volunteers consumed a breakfast containing 80 g of two commercial cheeses differing mainly in their fat content. Satiety perception was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale at baseline (T0), 30 (T30), and 120 (T120) minutes after breakfast. Acylated ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA at baseline and at the end of the intervention at T0 and T30. <b>Results</b>: A reduction in goat cheese fat content (25.9%) did not modify the induction or maintenance of post-meal satiety during energy restriction. Both groups experienced reductions in body weight and anthropometric measurements, with no significant differences between groups. The anthropometric response was predominantly attributable to the energy-restricted intervention and was not significantly modified by the fat content of the assigned goat cheese. Across the intervention, sustained satiety increased modestly over time. Each additional week was associated with an estimated 0.164-point increase in ΔCSI_0-120 (β = 0.164; 95% CI: 0.058-0.270; <i>p</i> = 0.003), similarly in both groups. Complementary analyses confirmed comparable cumulative post-meal satiety responses. <b>Conclusions</b>: Sustained satiety improved progressively regardless of goat cheese fat content. However, low-fat cheese may offer a practical benefit for meal planning, providing fewer calories while offering the same filling effect as high-fat cheese.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Elimination Diet and Challenge Protocol for Management of Patients with Food Intolerance-Purpose and Development.","authors":"Anne Swain, Jo Ann Malinao, Velencia Soutter, Robert Loblay","doi":"10.3390/nu18193220","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: In the 1960s and 1970s, several authors reported that manipulation of diet by excluding certain additives and natural chemical substances led to apparent clinical benefit for patients with adverse food reactions involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and central nervous system. <b>Methods</b>: Over the past 48 years, patients of all ages presenting to the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Allergy Unit with adverse food reactions were offered an elimination diet low in natural salicylates, biogenic amines, and glutamate, and free of additives such as preservatives and colors, for two to six weeks. Those who became asymptomatic were offered testing with a \"N-of-1\" double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) challenge protocol. <b>Results</b>: There were 14,119 patients who elected to undertake either the strict elimination diet (10,074) (71.4%), the moderate approach (2760) (19.5%), or the simple approach (1285) (9.1%). Of these, 6645 (47.1%) became asymptomatic within two to six weeks; 628 (4.4%) reported no improvement; and 6846 (48.5%) were lost to follow-up. Of those who improved, 4963 (35.2%) returned for interpretation of their challenges, and 2429 had undertaken open food challenges; 3326 had completed the DBPC capsule challenge protocol, and 1830 completed both DBPC capsule and food challenges. Although individual reactivity was idiosyncratic, a highly reproducible pattern was evident across the entire group. The proportion reacting to each of the active chemical challenges versus placebo was highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: In many patients with food intolerance, idiosyncratic dietary triggers can be reliably identified with a standardized elimination diet and DBPC challenge protocol. Long-term symptom control can be achieved by appropriate dietary modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Management of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: Current Evidence on Dietary Strategies, Supplementation, and Lifestyle Support.","authors":"Marek Murawski, Agata Góral, Marta Maria Miszczak, Anna Prescha","doi":"10.3390/nu18193218","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with reproductive dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased risk of long-term cardiometabolic disease. Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone of management; however, the optimal nutritional strategy continues to be debated. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on nutritional management of PMOS, including dietary approaches, the role of the gut microbiota, dietary supplementation and complementary lifestyle interventions. Current evidence indicates that no single dietary model is universally superior for all women with PMOS. Instead, different dietary approaches may improve selected anthropometric, metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive outcomes, although the consistency of these effects varies across interventions and outcomes. The most consistent benefits are observed for body weight, insulin resistance, glycolipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk, whereas improvements in reproductive and hyperandrogenic outcomes are generally more variable. Gut microbiota modulation represents a biologically plausible mechanism linking diet with metabolic and reproductive function, although its role as a mediator of dietary effects remains insufficiently established. Adjunctive supplementation, particularly with inositols, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected probiotics or synbiotics, may improve selected metabolic and reproductive outcomes, although the certainty and consistency of these effects vary across supplements. Such approaches should be considered complementary to, rather than a replacement for, lifestyle management. Physical activity, behavioural support, adequate sleep and stress management further contribute to comprehensive care, although evidence is strongest for structured exercise interventions. Lifestyle approaches may also have a role in early risk modification, particularly through the prevention of excess weight gain and promotion of physical activity, although direct evidence for primary prevention of PMOS remains limited. Overall the findings support individualized and sustainable nutritional and lifestyle strategies rather than a universal therapeutic approach. Future research should focus on well-designed long-term randomized trials and the development of personalized approaches that account for clinical and metabolic heterogeneity in PMOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia in Hospitalized Patients: A Critical Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Nutritional Management Approaches.","authors":"Gavriela Voulgaridou, Spyridoula Ioanna Mourtziapi, George Panoutsopoulos, Paraskevi Detopoulou, Sousana K Papadopoulou","doi":"10.3390/nu18193216","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients, associated with increased mortality, prolonged length of stay, and functional decline, yet it remains underdiagnosed owing to inconsistent diagnostic criteria and the practical challenges of assessing acutely ill patients. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on sarcopenia in hospitalized patients, with emphasis on diagnostic approaches, nutritional requirements, and optimal nutritional support strategies. Sarcopenia is particularly prevalent among critically ill patients and is driven by the convergence of systemic inflammation, immobility, and anabolic resistance. Diagnosis remains challenging: no ICU-specific framework exists, and the recent Global Leadership Initiative of Sarcopenia consensus established a unified, setting-independent conceptual definition as a foundation for future operational criteria, with ICU-specific frameworks yet to be developed. Bedside tools, including handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and ultrasound, retain strong prognostic value despite imperfect agreement with reference imaging. Nutritional intervention is a key component of management; however, large-scale trials have demonstrated that higher energy or protein delivery does not universally improve outcomes and may be harmful in selected critically ill patients. A gradual increase in energy and protein delivery according to the phase of illness, with protein targets of ≥1.2-1.5 g/kg/day, is recommended; leucine-enriched supplementation may help counteract anabolic resistance, although direct evidence in non-ICU hospitalized patients remains limited. Early mobilization is an essential complement, as nutrient provision without a mechanical stimulus cannot reverse immobility-induced muscle loss. A practical clinical algorithm integrating screening, nutritional target-setting, route selection, and reassessment is proposed to guide decision-making in this population. Future research should focus on improving the accuracy and feasibility of muscle assessment tools in critically ill patients to enable the timely diagnosis of sarcopenia and nutritional intervention, alongside the development of validated multi-marker panels and adequately powered trials examining the combined effect of nutrition and exercise in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Potential of the Edible Seaweed <i>Pterocladiella capillacea</i>: Bioactivity Coupled LC-MS/MS, Metabolomics Annotation, Validation, and Network Pharmacology.","authors":"Meicai Yue, Longjian Zhou, Wanrong He, Bin Li, Zhiyou Yang, Yayue Liu, Lingyun Chen, Caiyi Chen, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nu18193210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact, highlighting an urgent need for effective dietary therapeutic agents for the development of brain-healthy functional foods and medicines. This study focuses on the edible red alga <i>Pterocladiella capillacea</i> from Zhanjiang, China, investigating its anti-neuronal injury activity, active principles, and underlying mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> Based on antioxidant and neuroprotection evaluations and column fractioning, bioactivity-coupled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Bio-LC-MS/MS) was employed to recognize the neuroprotective compounds, which were further annotated by comprehensive metabolomics analysis. The annotated compounds were validated by LC-MS/MS and bioassay. Computational prediction techniques were further used to reveal their mechanism of action. <b>Results:</b> The study demonstrated that <i>P. capillacea</i> extract and fractions exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-neuronal injury activities. Among the annotated and MS-validated potential compounds, erucamide standard exhibited the strongest neuroprotective effect, maintaining cell viability above 85% at low concentrations. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed that erucamide may exert neuroprotective effects by modulating the AKT1 and BCL2 targets. ADMET prediction suggested a low risk of central side effects. <b>Conclusions:</b> The neuroprotective potential of <i>P. capillacea</i> provides a primary foundation for new brain-healthy functional foods and drug development in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Protein Intake Impact on Human and Animal Kidney Function Across the Lifespan: Clinical Evidence and Emerging Concepts.","authors":"Joanna Jacuńska, Aleksandra Bruciak, Jakub Wilk, Wojciech Grodzki, Kinga Musiał","doi":"10.3390/nu18193209","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>High-protein diets have gained increasing popularity in recent years. This trend has raised concerns regarding its impact on renal function, particularly among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current evidence on the effect of high-protein intake on kidney function. An analysis across species and age groups takes into account both theoretical and clinical perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify experimental and animal studies, as well as data concerning adult and pediatric populations, with special focus on those with CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental studies confirm protein-triggered adaptive increase in intraglomerular pressure and subsequent hyperfiltration, yet without any long-term negative effect on a healthy kidney. Human adult studies indicate that high-protein dietary content may accelerate the progression of CKD. Conversely, in older individuals, high protein intake combined with plant-rich diet appears to protect against sarcopenia and is associated with increased longevity. In children with CKD, protein intake should be adjusted according to growth requirements. In both pediatric and general populations, increasing the proportion of plant-based protein relative to animal protein may improve the health outcomes, although evidence on kidney function protection is insufficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A balance should be maintained between excessive protein intake, which may aggravate existing dysfunctions, and overly restrictive protein consumption, which may lead to sarcopenia in older adults and impaired growth/development in children. A personalized approach is essential, taking into account age, kidney function/CKD stage, comorbidities, and, in the pediatric population, growth rate and developmental needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}