Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Protective Effects of Coixol Against Nε-Carboxymethyllysine-Induced Injury in IMR-32 Neuronal Cells: Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Amyloidogenic Pathways.","authors":"Mei-Chou Lai, Wayne Young Liu, Yu-Cheng Tzeng, I-Min Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu17182939","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The accumulation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), a major advanced glycation end product (AGE), has been implicated in neuronal dysfunction by promoting oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and dysregulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism. This study evaluated the neuroprotective properties of coixol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound derived from the outer layers of <i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i> L. var. ma-yuen, in a CML-induced injury model using IMR-32 human neuronal-like cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cells were pretreated with coixol (1 μmol/L), <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC, 1 mmol/L), or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, 200 μmol/L) for 1 h prior to CML (100 μmol/L) exposure for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by colorimetric analysis of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, while intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified using a fluorescence-based oxidative stress probe. Activities of key antioxidant enzymes and caspase-3 were determined using commercial assay kits. The expression of Aβ isoforms, amyloidogenic enzymes, ER stress markers, and apoptosis-related signaling proteins was quantified through validated immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coixol pretreatment significantly enhanced cell viability by attenuating ROS accumulation and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities. Concurrently, coixol suppressed ER stress signaling via downregulation of the protein kinase R-like ER kinase/C/EBP homologous protein axis and modulated apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, reducing Bcl-2-associated X protein expression, and inhibiting caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, coixol regulated Aβ metabolism by inhibiting the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and presenilin 1, while restoring insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin levels, leading to reduced accumulation of Aβ40 and Aβ42.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to NALC and 4-PBA, coixol demonstrated comparable or superior modulation across multiple pathological pathways. These findings highlight coixol's potential as a neuroprotective candidate in AGE-associated neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Sleep Quality Among Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Portugal: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Leandro Oliveira, António Raposo, Thamer Alslamah, Hani A Alfheeaid, Nada Alqarawi, Marta Esgalhado","doi":"10.3390/nu17182948","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet and sleep are modifiable lifestyle factors that influence health and well-being. While adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with improved sleep quality, this relationship remains understudied in high-stress occupational groups such as school teachers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and self-reported sleep quality among primary and secondary school teachers in Portugal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 113 teachers who completed a self-administered digital questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 113 participants, 58% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and the median PSQI score was 6.0 (IQR 4.0-8.8). The median MEDAS score was 9.0 (IQR 8.0-10.0), with 34% classified as having high adherence. When stratified by dietary adherence, there were no statistically significant differences in global PSQI or its components, and multivariable linear regression showed no association between MEDAS and PSQI. Patterns varied by teaching level: poor sleep predominated in most levels except the 2nd Cycle; high adherence was most prevalent in the 1st Cycle, moderate adherence predominated in the 3rd Cycle and secondary education, and the 2nd Cycle showed similar shares of moderate and high adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this occupational group, poor sleep was common and varied across teaching levels, while Mediterranean diet adherence showed no detectable association with overall sleep quality in this study. Larger, longitudinal studies using objective assessments of diet and sleep, and accounting for factors such as stress and chronotype, are warranted to clarify potential links in educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions Regarding Healthy Eating Based on Concept Mapping.","authors":"Gaeun Yeo, Jieun Oh","doi":"10.3390/nu17182941","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to examine contemporary perceptions of healthy eating among individuals living in a rapidly evolving social, economic, and cultural environment. A mixed-methods approach was employed using the concept mapping method to collect, visualize, and analyze participants' perceptions. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-four Korean individuals aged 16 to 55 participated in the study. Initially, perceptions of healthy eating were gathered through focus group interviews. These responses were organized into sixty-three unique statements. Participants were then asked to sort the statements and rate each one's importance and performance on a 5-point Likert scale. The sorted and rated data were analyzed using R-CMap, an open-source software for concept mapping. <b>Results</b>: The analysis revealed six key clusters of healthy eating perceptions among Korean consumers: Food Choice, Nutrition, Eating Habits, Eating Environment, Production, and Preparation and Cooking. These perceptions are influenced by Korean food culture and the current eating context. In addition, a detailed analysis of the statements revealed that public perceptions of healthy eating have shifted in recent years. <b>Conclusions</b>: This research is significant in that it offers a structured and visualized framework of healthy eating perceptions among Koreans aged 16-55, reflecting their adaptation to ongoing socio-cultural transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Obesity: A Paradigm Shift in Prevention and Treatment? A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Gianmario Forcina, Pierluigi Di Filippo, Delia De Biasio, Francesco Giustino Cesaro, Vittoria Frattolillo, Alessia Massa, Maria De Cesare, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Anna Di Sessa","doi":"10.3390/nu17182942","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric obesity represents a growing global health challenge, closely associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and long-term adverse outcomes. Although lifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of treatment, sustained success is often limited. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota (GM) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity, influencing host metabolism, energy homeostasis, and systemic inflammation. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the complex interplay between GM and pediatric obesity, with a particular emphasis on microbiota-targeted interventions. These include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Findings from preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials indicate that gut dysbiosis may contribute to obesity-related mechanisms, such as altered nutrient absorption, increased adiposity, and dysregulated appetite control. Interventions targeting the microbiota have shown promise in modulating inflammatory pathways and improving metabolic profiles. While preliminary findings underscore the potential of the GM as a novel adjunctive target in managing pediatric obesity, current evidence remains heterogeneous, and robust clinical pediatric data are limited. Further research is needed to clarify the therapeutic efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of microbiota-modulating strategies in children with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Determinants of Food Insecurity in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Lillie Monroe-Lord, Azam Ardakani, Amy Schweitzer, Elmira Asongwed, Xuejing Duan, Tia Jeffery, Phronie Jackson, Elgloria Harrison, Eyerusalem Beza","doi":"10.3390/nu17182934","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated food insecurity in the United States, with older adults facing heightened vulnerability due to fixed incomes, chronic illness, and limited mobility. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 4961 urban U.S. adults aged 65 and older. Food insecurity was assessed using the USDA Six-Item Short Form. Paired sample <i>t</i>-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine demographic predictors of food insecurity before and during the pandemic. <b>Results:</b> Logistic regression indicated that race and income were significant predictors of food insecurity. African American and Hispanic participants were 92.1% and 126.4%, respectively, more likely to experience food insecurity than White participants (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared with those earning less than USD 50,000, participants earning USD 50,000-USD 100,000 and USD 100,000+ were 32.4% and 63.8% less likely to experience food insecurity (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Bivariate analyses showed that food insecurity increased most among African Americans (9.2%) and middle-income participants (USD 50,000-USD 100,000: 11.0%). Education did not remain significant in the adjusted model. <b>Conclusions:</b> Older adults of color and those with lower incomes were disproportionately impacted by food insecurity during the pandemic. The findings highlight the need for targeted, equity-driven policy responses to mitigate food insecurity in older adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Imaging and Nutrition: Chest CT Muscle Analysis in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Virginia Soria-Utrilla, Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez, Francisco José Sánchez-Torralvo, Antonio Adarve-Castro, Nuria Porras, Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez, María Esther Quintana-Gallego, Casilda Olveira, María Victoria Girón, Gabriel Olveira, Pedro Pablo García-Luna","doi":"10.3390/nu17182940","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Computed Tomography (CT) is considered a highly accurate tool for assessing body composition. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of chest CT for malnutrition diagnosis in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), compared with other body composition techniques, as well as to assess possible associations with nutritional and respiratory status. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study was carried out in clinically stable adult PwCF. Subjects who had undergone a CT including the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) during the 6 months prior to or after our assessment were included and body composition was assessed using FocusedON-BC. The results were compared with anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), muscle ultrasonography, and handgrip strength (HGS). Respiratory parameters were collected, and nutritional status was assessed using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. <b>Results</b>: A total of 55 PwCF were included. Muscle area assessed by CT correlated significantly with fat-free mass determined by BIA (<i>r</i> = 0.725) and anthropometry (<i>r</i> = 0.645), muscle mass evaluated by ultrasonography (<i>r</i> = 0.657), HGS (<i>r</i> = 0.593), Bhalla score (<i>r</i> = 0.403), and FEV1 (<i>r</i> = 0.488). Differences were observed when comparing muscle area in CT based on the Bhalla score (94.6 ± 21.1 cm² in normal/mild involvement vs. 79.3 ± 20.9 cm² in moderate/severe involvement; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and on nutritional status (96.3 ± 17.9 cm² in normo-nourished vs. 75.9 ± 22.1 cm² in malnourished; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: In adult PwCF, measurements obtained from CT image analysis correlate adequately with anthropometry, BIA, muscle ultrasound, and HGS. Muscle area in CT is related to nutritional and respiratory status.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of <i>Dioscoreae Rhizoma</i> on Gastrointestinal Function: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ji-Hye Lee, So-Young Park, Min-Seok Jo, Jae-Woo Park, Jinsung Kim, Seok-Jae Ko","doi":"10.3390/nu17182943","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Dioscoreae Rhizoma</i>, commonly known as yam, has long been used in East Asia as a medicinal food for gastrointestinal (GI) health. This systematic review aimed to assess the GI-related benefits of <i>Dioscoreae Rhizoma</i> by synthesizing findings from both human clinical trials and in vivo experimental studies. <b>Methods</b>: A structured search of eight major databases-including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science-was conducted through April 2025. This systematic review includes both human and in vivo animal studies that investigated the effects of <i>Dioscoreae Rhizoma</i> on gastrointestinal function. Studies such as in vitro experiments, non-original articles and studies involving multi-herbal formulations were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with three different tools including the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. <b>Results</b>: Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising two human trials and twenty-five animal experiments. Clinical trials reported improvements in gut-microbiota balance, glycemic control, and postsurgical recovery, including enhanced wound healing and reduced infection rates. In animal models, yam-derived interventions attenuated inflammatory responses, enhanced antioxidant defenses, preserved mucosal-barrier integrity, and favorably modified gut-microbiota composition. <b>Discussion and Conclusions</b>: Accumulating evidence supports the GI-beneficial effects of <i>Dioscoreae Rhizoma</i>, mediated through diverse biological pathways, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and microbiota regulation. This study has limitations on lack of high-quality human studies, small sample size and heterogeneity among studies regarding different plant parts used, extraction processes, and dosage. Further rigorously designed studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms, standardize intervention protocols, and validate clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Composite-Defined Osteoporosis in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yejung Choi, Kyong Park","doi":"10.3390/nu17182947","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of developing osteoporosis in women, emphasizing the role of nutrition in bone health during menopause-related hormonal changes. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a prospective study involving 4865 women aged 40-69 years without osteoporosis at baseline. Dietary information was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and composite-defined osteoporosis (CDO) was defined using self-administered questionnaires and quantitative ultrasound. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CDO. <b>Results</b>: During a median follow-up of 8.26 years, 895 and 1525 cases of CDO were reported in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Three dietary patterns were identified in premenopausal women: the \"Vegetables and Seafood,\" \"Western,\" and \"White rice, Meat, and Alcohol\" patterns. In postmenopausal women, the \"Diverse,\" \"Plant-based,\" and \"Sweets and Drinks\" patterns were identified. Among premenopausal women, the \"White rice, Meat, and Alcohol\" pattern was associated with a significantly greater risk of CDO in the highest tertile compared with that in the lowest tertile, whereas no significant patterns were observed in postmenopausal women. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings underscore the importance of dietary factors in maintaining bone health, particularly in premenopausal women. Encouraging the reduction in dietary factors associated with an increased osteoporosis risk may help improve bone health and quality of life in women, especially before significant menopause-induced bone loss occurs. This study highlights the need for early dietary interventions to prevent osteoporosis in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lycium ruthenicum</i> Murr. Polysaccharide Attenuated Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.","authors":"Naiyan Lu, Shuhua Xu, Wen Xiang, Xue Mei, Hanwen Hu, Xue Tang, Xuelei Gong, Xun Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17182944","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a life-threatening respiratory syndrome characterized by dysregulated pulmonary inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, and gut-lung axis impairment. Although <i>Lycium ruthenicum</i> polysaccharide (LRP) possesses documented anti-inflammatory properties, its role in ALI remains systematically unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of LRP against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. <b>Methods:</b> In vitro, A549 cells were subjected to injury induction with 10 μg/mL LPS. In vivo, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups and, respectively, administered 100 mg/kg LRP, 400 mg/kg LRP, or normal saline for 7 days prior to ALI induction via intratracheal LPS instillation (5 mg/kg). <b>Results:</b> LRP restored viability in LPS-injured A549 cells and attenuated their inflammatory responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that high-dose LRP (H-LRP) significantly reduced alveolar collapse and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to the LPS group. The H-LRP group exhibited marked downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) concomitant with upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Intestinal microbiome sequencing confirmed LRP-mediated restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis, evidenced by a 2.2-fold increase in commensal Bacteroides and decreased abundance of pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings establish LRP as a protective agent against ALI and suggest its potential utility as an adjuvant therapeutic candidate for enhanced pulmonary protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Accuracy of Potassium Content on Food Labels in Canada.","authors":"Kelly Picard, Dani Renouf, Sarah Draheim, Christopher Picard, Michelle M Y Wong","doi":"10.3390/nu17182935","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: In 2017, the Canadian Government updated labeling requirements for prepackaged products to include potassium as a mandatory nutrient. Higher potassium intakes are beneficial in the general population, but for those with hyperkalemia, a lower potassium intake is recommended. <b>Methods</b>: The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) collects food products and analyzes them to determine their potassium content. The authors requested data collected by the CFIA between January 2005 and November 2023 through an Access to Information request (A-2023-00410). Paired-sample two-sided <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare the difference between the labeled and analyzed potassium contents. Cohen's Kappa was also used to assess agreement between values. <b>Results</b>: Data were available for 406 food items, with 376 having a labeled and analyzed potassium value. The number of samples within each product type was not equally spread; 60% of samples (243/405) were considered dairy analogs-comprising either plant-based milk or cheese products. The mean difference between analyzed and labeled potassium content was statistically significant at 15 mg per serving (SD, 68 mg; 95% CI, 8-22 mg; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Cohen's Kappa suggested moderate agreement between labeled and analyzed values (κ = 0.376; 95% CI, 0.305-0.447; <i>p</i> < 0.001). A total of 271 (69.7%) products exceeded a ±10% difference, with 90 (23.9%) over-reporting potassium and 181 (48.1%) under-reporting potassium. <b>Conclusions</b>: The total number of products that were compliance-tested for potassium in Canada was relatively low and skewed disproportionately toward plant-based dairy analogs. Most products had labeled potassium values that differed from the lab-analyzed values, with a greater tendency to under-report vs. over-report potassium content. This suggests that at least some labels may not be accurate enough to correctly identify high-potassium foods for those who are following a low-potassium diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}