Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with 25(OH)D₃ Concentrations and Systemic Inflammation in Decompensated Cirrhosis.","authors":"Alina Bauschen, Mona-May Langer, Helena Stadler, Nicholas Zeuzem, Birte Möhlendick, Sabrina Guckenbiehl, Christian M Lange","doi":"10.3390/nu18193234","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Vitamin D regulates both the adaptive and the innate immune system, while having anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic properties. In clinical studies, 25(OH)D₃ deficiency was associated with systemic inflammation, but it is unclear whether these associations are causal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (SNPs)-as surrogates for functional relationships-on 25(OH)D₃ status and systemic inflammation in decompensated liver cirrhosis. <b>Methods</b>: Patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis with or without ACLF were enrolled prospectively from a monocentric cohort study (N = 355). Pyrosequencing was performed for genotyping SNPs (<i>rs7968585</i>, <i>rs731236 (TaqI)</i>, <i>rs7975232 (ApaI)</i>, <i>rs2239179</i> and <i>rs2228570 (FokI)</i>). VDR-SNPs were analysed for their association with 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and markers of systemic inflammation. <b>Results</b>: Severe 25(OH)D₃ deficiency was frequent in decompensated cirrhosis. 25(OH)D₃ supplementation was associated with significantly higher circulating 25(OH)D₃ in compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis, whereas in ACLF, 25(OH)D₃ levels did not differ significantly between supplemented and unsupplemented patients. An inverse correlation of 25(OH)D₃ and IL-6 levels was identified (R = -0.2286, 95% CI -0.328 to -0.124, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In exploratory analyses among the analyzed VDR-SNPs, the GG-variant of <i>rs2239179</i> was associated with lower 25(OH)D₃ levels (β = 0.705, 95% CI 0.498-0.998, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Moreover, the functionally important VDR-SNP <i>rs2228570 TC</i>-variant showed a nominal independent association with higher IL-6 levels (ß = 1.685, 95% CI 1.102-2.576, <i>p</i> = 0.016) after adjustment. <b>Conclusions</b>: These exploratory findings suggest that VDR genetics may partially contribute to 25(OH)D₃ status and systemic inflammation in liver cirrhosis and ACLF and warrant further replication in independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Consumption Across Generations-A Structural Equation Model of Central European Adults.","authors":"Ewa Halicka, Małgorzata Kosicka-Gębska, Jerzy Gębski, Krystyna Rejman","doi":"10.3390/nu18193226","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Dairy products provide a wide range of essential nutrients and therefore remain relevant to nutrient adequacy and public health challenges. Concurrently, consumer behaviors vary across demographics and continue to evolve in response to the transformation of the food system as a whole. <b>Aim and Methods:</b> To examine the impact of health and sustainability, as well as consumers' openness to innovations and food choices from a generational perspective, data collected among 3131 adults were analyzed. The link between dairy consumption and three latent variables was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). <b>Results:</b> The clearest pattern was observed among Gen X, where all three constructs-nutritional value, innovativeness, and sustainability-were positive predictors of dairy consumption. Sustainability was a strong, significant predictor among Millennials, and none of the analyzed three variables was statistically significant among the Baby Boomers and Gen Z cohorts. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study demonstrates that dairy consumption among Central European consumers is a multidimensional phenomenon impacted by multiple determinants. The patterns of associations observed across generational and gender subsamples were not uniform, highlighting the importance of considering consumer diversity when developing communication tools and public health nutrition policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture-Modified Food Attitudes and Behaviours Are Culturally Patterned in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Verena M H Tan, Gary T L Chiah, Serene Y L Tan, Benjamin J W Chow, Meiyin Wang, Wen Wang, Jorry Dharmawan, Ives Y Lim, Wai Yee Mah, Peng Peng Lim, Kenny B L Tan","doi":"10.3390/nu18193231","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Texture-modified (TM) food knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) among older adults remain poorly characterized in multi-ethnic populations. The study aims: (i) to characterize food liking, consumption frequency, and TM-related KAB among community-dwelling older adults in multi-ethnic Singapore; (ii) to examine whether TM-related KAB differs by ethnicity and other demographic factors, and (iii) to evaluate associations between TM-related KAB and food liking and eating frequency. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to April 2025 among 200 older adults (≥60 years) recruited at nine active ageing centres across Singapore. Participants rated liking and consumption frequency of Chinese, Malay, Indian and Western dishes and completed KAB items related to balanced diets, nutrient importance, TM foods, and sensory attributes of soft foods. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index were used to derive liking, frequency, and composite (liking-frequency) scores and to examine associations between KAB and food preferences. <b>Results</b>: Participants (mean age 72.7 ± 6.1 years) were 71.0% Chinese, 19.0% Malay and 10.0% Indian, with a proportion reporting dysphagia-related symptoms (5.0%) and chewing difficulties (10.0%). Compared with Chinese participants, Malay participants placed less emphasis on ease of chewing/swallowing (β = -0.860, Padj = 0.023) and soft-food aroma (β = -0.711, Padj = 0.030) but greater emphasis on maintaining a balanced diet when chewing becomes difficult (β = 0.602, Padj = 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: TM-related KAB varied markedly by ethnicity and cuisine but not by self-reported chewing or swallowing difficulty. These exploratory findings suggest that TM nutrition strategies tailored by ethnicity and cuisine may warrant further investigation to support healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Consistency Does Not Validate an LLM-Assisted Nutrition Pipeline: A Reference-Standard-Free Forensic Reliability Audit of 13,073 Free-Text Meal Records.","authors":"Jhony Fernando López Torres, Juan Gabriel Castañeda, Edwin Rivas","doi":"10.3390/nu18193233","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Large language model (LLM) pipelines increasingly convert free-text meal descriptions into nutrient values, yet reference-standard validation is rarely feasible in production. We asked whether the controls such pipelines conventionally pass suffice and built a reference-standard-free battery any pipeline can run on its output.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We audited 13,073 meals logged by 513 adults through a WhatsApp conversational agent in rural Colombia (9 February 2026 to 6 August 2026). The pipeline is a two-stage cascade of commercial LLMs from different providers: a vision model renders photographs as text, while a text model maps these to nutrients. Six pre-specified tests were applied, including test-retest ICC(1,1) over recurring strings, stratified by modality because 48.3% of records carried a photograph.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pipeline passed every conventional control (Atwater-reconstructed energy r = 0.9951; median relative error 0.0000) but failed reproducibility. Across 191 recurring strings (944 meals), energy ICC point estimates were 0.7061 (95% CI 0.5419-0.8217) text only and 0.5258 (0.3778-0.6513) with photographs; none reached 0.75. Modality is a design control, not an established effect, and the coefficient depends on which inputs recur, so it is not intrinsic. Under the strictest identity available-byte-identical text, no photograph-ICC was 0.6944. Intermediate-text inspection exposed a failure invisible at the output: 1.44% of photograph-accompanied records carried a vision-stage artefact string versus 0.01% of text-only records (ICC 0.0911).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Internal consistency does not validate an LLM-assisted nutrition pipeline. This design measures instability under recurring inputs without isolating its cause. Prospective test-retest reproducibility is a cheap, necessary acceptance criterion, and in a cascade, the intermediate representation must also be inspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status in a Contemporary Urban Population-Based Cohort: Prevalence, Clinical Associations and Long-Term Health Outcomes.","authors":"Katja Sibylle Mühlberg, Sabine Steiner, Naomi Elbaranes, Zoe Vente, Markus Scholz, Dierk Scheinert, Sophie Brunner-Ziegler","doi":"10.3390/nu18193228","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutritional deficiencies are associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of illnesses. However, the prognostic impact of poor nutritional status with respect to long-term all-cause mortality in the general non-diseased population is not well described.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study sought to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and prognostic consequences of poor nutritional status in a contemporary urban population in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 8398 participants from the LIFE-Adult Study was enrolled. Four objective nutritional scores, the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), the Controlling Nutritional Status Score (CONUT), the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and the Triglyceride Cholesterol Body Weight Index (TCBI), were calculated at baseline, and participants' nutritional status was classified according to score tertiles. The relationship between nutritional status and common risk factors as well as major diseases was assessed. In addition, the association between poor nutritional status at baseline and the risk of all-cause mortality during a seven-year follow-up period was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the WHO definition of obesity, the LIFE-Adult Study cohort was, on average, overweight, with almost two-thirds of participants (67%) having a BMI ≥ 25 and only 1% being underweight. However, poor nutritional status was not associated with a specific BMI category. Higher age, female sex, cancer, and chronic kidney disease were more common, whereas active smoking and hypercholesterolemia were less prevalent among participants in the lowest PNI tertile (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In the overall population, the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was significantly higher among participants in the lowest PNI, NRI, and TCBI tertiles and the highest CONUT category (log-rank test, <i>p</i> < 0.01 for PNI, CONUT, and NRI, and <i>p</i> < 0.04 for TCBI, respectively). After adjustment for confounding factors, the lowest PNI and NRI tertiles and the highest and medium CONUT categories remained independently and significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (all <i>p</i> < 0.01) in multivariable Cox regression analyses. TCBI was not associated with all-cause mortality in any regression model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor nutritional status is associated with increased mortality in the general population. Clinical trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of nutritional interventions on health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Stratified Characterization of Behavioral, Hippocampal, and Microglial Androgen Responses to Adolescent High-Fat Diet Consumption in Mice.","authors":"Conghui Wang, Hong Li, Zhehao Yu, Bingjie Xie, Xiuting Yao, Jingyi Zhao, Yuxi Chen, Hong Zhuang, Chongyang Yang, Lijie Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu18193229","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental period during which dietary exposure and psychosocial stressors may have lasting effects on higher-order brain functions. Depression often emerges during adolescence, at which time a female preponderance in prevalence becomes apparent. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is common during adolescence and has been associated with adverse emotional and neurobiological outcomes; however, its consequences have not been systematically characterized in both sexes. <b>Methods</b>: Male and female mice were fed a HFD from postnatal days 28 to 56 (spanning most of adolescence), with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) used as a challenge to assess stress responsiveness. <b>Results</b>: Sex-stratified analyses revealed that HFD consumption induced anhedonia-like behavior in both sexes, whereas additional behavioral impairments were detected in females. Additionally, HFD consumption amplified the behavioral response to CUMS in females. HFD feeding altered the ventral hippocampal neurostructure and microglial status in both sexes; however, dendritic and spine deficits and microglial activation-like changes were detected across more ventral hippocampal subregions in females, together with increased synaptic engulfment in the vDG. HFD consumption increased circulating leptin and estradiol levels in both sexes, and higher free fatty acid levels were detected in nonstressed HFD-fed mice of both sexes. In females, HFD consumption increased circulating testosterone levels, which was accompanied by increased androgen receptor (AR) nuclear localization and TNF-α expression in hippocampal microglia. Serum from HFD-fed females significantly increased AR nuclear localization (<i>p</i> = 0.0008) and phagocytic activity (<i>p</i> = 0.0038) in primary female microglia. Enzalutamide abolished the serum-induced increase in AR nuclear localization (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), reduced the corresponding increase in phagocytic activity (<i>p</i> = 0.0335), and attenuated the associated induction of TNF-α at both the protein (<i>p</i> = 0.0057) and mRNA (<i>p</i> = 0.0003) levels. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings characterize sex-stratified behavioral and hippocampal neurobiological consequences of adolescent HFD consumption and suggest a previously underrecognized association between androgen-responsive microglial signaling and the broader hippocampal alterations observed in females. Although the causal contribution of this signaling pathway to the in vivo phenotypes remains to be established, this work provides a framework for further investigating sex-related differences in the neurobiological consequences of adolescent HFD consumption and the potential contribution of endocrine-microglial signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between <i>COMT</i> Genotype and MIND Diet, Cognitive Decline, and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Marilyn C Cornelis, Rob M van Dam, David A Bennett, Julie A Schneider","doi":"10.3390/nu18193232","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholamines and polyphenols unique to the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND). The <i>COMT Val158Met</i> variant modified the effect of MIND on change in perceptual speed after 3 years in a randomized controlled trial. We aimed to evaluate and extend these findings to dementia incidence in a community-based prospective cohort. <b>Methods:</b> We included 745 older adults (mean age 80.0 years) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. MIND adherence was estimated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (0-15 points). Repeated cognitive assessments and dementia diagnoses were based on standardized clinical neurological examinations and criteria. Linear regression, linear mixed-effects, and Cox proportional hazards models examined associations of <i>COMT Val158Met</i> and its interactions with MIND with baseline cognition, cognitive decline, and incident dementia. Associations with neuropathology and COMT protein were also explored. <b>Results:</b> Significant <i>COMT</i> × MIND interactions were observed for Alzheimer's (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and all-cause (<i>p</i> = 0.004) dementia and for <i>COMT</i> × MIND × time interactions with declines in global cognition (<i>p</i> = 0.008), episodic memory (<i>p</i> = 0.009), and visuospatial ability (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Cognitive benefits associated with MIND adherence were greater among <i>Met</i>/<i>Met</i> carriers (lower COMT activity). The hazard ratio (95% CI) per MIND point for Alzheimer's dementia was 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for <i>Met</i>/<i>Met</i>, 1.00 (0.87-1.15) for <i>Met</i>/<i>Val</i>, and 1.05 (0.84-1.33) for <i>Val</i>/<i>Val</i>. Greater MIND adherence was associated with lower plasma COMT (<i>p</i> = 0.01), while each additional <i>Val</i> allele was associated with higher brain COMT (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Individuals with genetically reduced COMT activity may be especially responsive to cognitive benefits of the MIND diet. Further study is needed to determine whether these effects differ across cognitive domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Indicators for Evaluation of Neonatal Basic Care in Nutrition and Feeding: A Scoping Review and Modified Delphi Study.","authors":"Pablo Buck Sainz-Rozas, Dimelza Osorio Sánchez, Pablo García Molina, Evelin Balaguer-López, Sergio Alonso Fernández","doi":"10.3390/nu18193230","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Despite the clinical relevance of nutrition and feeding in neonatal intensive care, no consensus-based set of quality indicators currently exists to systematically evaluate basic nutritional care in hospitalised neonates. This study aimed to identify, agree through expert consensus and prioritise a structured set of nursing-sensitive quality indicators for this domain. <b>Methods:</b> A two-phase methodological study combined a Scoping Review (Joanna Briggs Institute methodology; prospectively registered on OSF; reported per PRISMA-ScR) and a two-round modified Delphi study based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library; 2020-2025) were searched, complemented by snowball and the grey literature. Twenty-seven candidate indicators synthesised inductively into eight domains were rated by 23 expert nurses across three dimensions (appropriateness, clinical validity, and feasibility) on a nine-point Likert scale. <b>Results:</b> Retention from Round 1 to Round 2 was 87% (<i>n</i> = 20). Twenty-two indicators (81.5%) were classified as appropriate and five (18.5%) as uncertain, in all cases because of feasibility. The overall median for appropriateness and clinical validity was 9.0 in both rounds. Feasibility showed greater variability, with an 18% mean IQR reduction after Round 2. Indicators reaching consensus were distributed across structure (<i>n</i> = 3, 13.6%), process (<i>n</i> = 16, 72.7%) and outcome (<i>n</i> = 3, 13.6%) dimensions. An exploratory post-hoc prioritisation analysis identified four implementation tiers; the five Tier 1 indicators ranked in the top five under every weighting scheme tested. <b>Conclusions:</b> This consensus-based set provides a structured basis for monitoring neonatal nutritional care quality and for reducing clinical variability. Validation by a broader interdisciplinary panel including families, and prospective testing in routine practice, are required before its use in clinical dashboards or benchmarking.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Transitions in Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Overweight and Obesity Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Southern China: Evidence from Four Rounds of Nutrition Surveillance, 2002-2022.","authors":"Shuaijing Zhang, Yunkai Lin, Jianhang Li, Jiewen Peng, Jian Wen, Zihui Chen, Qi Jiang, Panpan Huang, Xingfen Yang, Guiyuan Ji, Wei Wu","doi":"10.3390/nu18193222","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China has experienced substantial dietary transitions over recent decades, accompanied by increasing burdens of overweight and obesity. However, long-term changes in dietary patterns and their associations with obesity among middle-aged and older adults remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 8502 adults aged ≥45 years participating in four waves (2002-2022) of the China National Nutrition Surveys in Guangdong Province. Dietary patterns were identified using k-means cluster analysis based on 23 food groups. Temporal changes in dietary pattern distributions were assessed using Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square tests and survey-weighted logistic regression models incorporating linear and quadratic terms for survey year. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and overweight, obesity, and central obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three dietary patterns were identified: a traditional cereal-based pattern, a transitional mixed pattern, and an animal-rich diverse pattern. The prevalence of the Traditional Cereal-based pattern decreased from 15.8% in 2002 to 0.4% in 2022, whereas the Animal-rich Diverse pattern increased from 19.2% to 47.0%. Trend analyses confirmed significant temporal changes in all dietary patterns after false discovery rate correction. Compared with the Traditional Cereal-based Pattern, the Transitional Mixed Pattern and Animal-rich Diverse Pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity, with adjusted ORs of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.29-1.90) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.14-1.77), respectively. Similar associations were observed for central obesity, with corresponding adjusted ORs of 1.54 (95% CI: 1.26-1.89) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08-1.71), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant dietary transitions occurred among middle-aged and older adults in Guangdong Province from 2002 to 2022. Dietary patterns characterized by higher intakes of animal-source and energy-dense foods were associated with greater odds of overweight/obesity and central obesity. These findings suggest that dietary diversity alone may not necessarily represent a healthier dietary pattern during nutrition transition and highlight the potential importance of considering overall dietary composition and energy balance in obesity prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Self-Reported Adherence and Serology: Stool Gluten Immunogenic Peptides Detection to Assess Gluten Exposure in Children with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet.","authors":"Fabiana Ziberna, Giorgia Fontana, Chiara Zanchi, Marco Bobbo, Elena Spinelli, Maria Cristina Grimaldi, Fatima Tizi, Grazia Di Leo, Stefano Martelossi, Tarcisio Not, Luigina De Leo","doi":"10.3390/nu18193221","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> A lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). However, current methods for monitoring GFD adherence do not accurately assess gluten exposure. Stool detection of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) may provide an objective tool for detecting recent gluten exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate stool GIP detection, compared with serology and the validated Biagi dietary questionnaire, for monitoring GFD adherence in children with CD. <b>Methods:</b> In this prospective multicenter study, pediatric patients with CD on a GFD for at least 1 year were enrolled. Serum and stool samples were collected on the same day to assess serum anti-transglutaminase (TTG) and anti-endomysium (EMA) antibodies and stool GIP. Patients also completed the Biagi dietary questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> Forty-one pediatric patients with CD on a GFD for a median of 6.5 years were enrolled. Serum TTG and/or EMA were positive in 8/41 patients (19.5%), Biagi questionnaire identified 8/41 patients (19.5%) as non-adherent, whereas stool GIP was positive in 17/41 (41.5%). Combining serology with the dietary questionnaire increased the proportion of non-adherent patients to 34%. Adding stool GIP detection increased this proportion to 51% and 46% when combined with serology or the dietary questionnaire, respectively. Overall, 23/41 patients (56%) showed evidence of gluten exposure when positivity in at least one of the three methods was considered. <b>Conclusions:</b> A high rate of recent gluten exposure was detected in children with CD on a long-term GFD. Stool GIP detection may provide complementary information to conventional methods for monitoring GFD adherence and may help identify patients requiring further dietary assessment or intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}