Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rh2 Mitigates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation and Through Inhibition of Hepatocyte-Macrophage Inflammatory Crosstalk.","authors":"Shinjung Park, Inae Jeong, Ok-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.3390/nu17101682","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) contributes to hepatocyte inflammation, triggered by prolonged exposure to lipotoxicity, and promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression by recruiting and activating hepatic macrophages, which accelerate fibrosis and exacerbate disease progression. Here, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) in a cell model of NAFLD induced by the ERS inducer thapsigargin (THA). <b>Methods:</b> HepG2 cells were treated with THA to induce ERS and mimic NAFLD conditions. The effects of Rh2 on ERS, lipid accumulation, and apoptosis were assessed in HepG2 cells. Additionally, THP-1 cells were used to investigate macrophage activation upon exposure to conditioned medium (CM) from THA- and Rh2-treated HepG2 cells. Gene and protein expression of inflammatory and lipid synthesis markers were analyzed, as well as M1/M2 macrophage polarization markers. <b>Results:</b> Rh2 inhibited THA-induced apoptosis, ERS, and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. It also reduced the expression of lipid synthesis genes (SREBF1, FAS) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1). CM from Rh2-treated HepG2 cells suppressed macrophage activation in THP-1 cells, decreased M1 polarization markers (CD80, CD86), and increased M2 markers (CD163, Arg1, MRC-1). <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that Rh2 effectively suppresses inflammation and lipid storage in ERS-induced HepG2 cells while modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages. These findings underscore the potential of Rh2 as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and early intervention of NAFLD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coix Seed Oil Alleviates Hyperuricemia in Mice by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Microbial Composition.","authors":"Guozhen Wu, Xinming Wang, Hongjing Dong, Jinqian Yu, Tao Li, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17101679","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Coix seed oil (YRO), rich in unsaturated fatty acids, has emerged as a promising intervention for hyperuricemia (HUA) due to its potential to alleviate oxidative damage and support organ health. <b>Methods</b>: The fatty acid composition of YRO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A HUA mouse model was established, and serum markers and hepatic enzymes were evaluated. Renal mitochondrial function was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and urate transporter expression, along with key signaling proteins, was quantified by Western blot analysis. Additionally, gut microbiota composition was analyzed, and non-targeted metabolomics was performed to observe alterations in serum lipid metabolites. <b>Results</b>: YRO significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) levels and normalized hepatic enzyme activities. Histological evaluation revealed less tissue damage in both the kidney and the intestine. In the kidney, YRO improved mitochondrial function and supported antioxidant defenses via regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. In the intestine, YRO enhanced barrier integrity by increasing ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 expression. Moreover, YRO modulated gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria (<i>Muribaculaceae</i>, <i>Prevotellaceae UCG-001</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group</i>, <i>Akkermansia</i>) while suppressing harmful species (<i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Dubosiella</i>). Lipid metabolomics indicated a restoration of phospholipid balance through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. <b>Conclusions</b>: YRO supported metabolic health by promoting UA homeostasis, enhancing mitochondrial function, reinforcing antioxidant capacity, and maintaining gut integrity. These findings suggest that coix seed oil could serve as a nutritional supplement in managing HUA and related metabolic disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation of Edible Mushroom <i>Phallus atrovolvatus</i> Aqueous Extract Attenuates Brain Changes in the <i>App^NL-G-F</i> Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Raweephorn Kaewsaen, Wasaporn Preteseille Chanput, Lalida Rojanathammanee, Svetlana A Golovko, Drew R Seeger, Mikhail Y Golovko, Suba Nookala, Colin K Combs","doi":"10.3390/nu17101677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dementia and brain accumulation of Aβ-peptide-containing plaques, gliosis, neuroimmune changes, and neurofibrillary tangles. Mushroom polysaccharides have been previously reported to have anti-neuroinflammation activity through the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to evaluate whether a dietary intervention with <i>Phallus atrovolvatus</i>, a recently identified edible mushroom in Thailand, could have a benefit on gut health and alleviate AD-related changes. <b>Methods:</b> Male and female 6-8-month-old littermate wild-type control (C57BL/6J) and <i>App^NL-G-F</i> mice were randomly assigned to either a control diet or a diet supplemented with mushroom aqueous extract (MAE) for 8 weeks to quantify changes in body weight, intestine, immune cells, short chain fatty acids, brain cytokines, amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, gliosis, and memory. <b>Results:</b> MAE had no adverse effects on gut leakiness and increased pyruvate levels in serum. Splenocyte immune profiling revealed a significant increase in the frequency of IgM⁺, IA_IE⁺, and CD14⁺ cells in MAE-administered <i>App^NL-G-F</i>female mice compared to their vehicle controls. <i>App^NL-G-F</i>male mice that received MAE showed a significant increase in the frequency of cytotoxic CD8 T cells within the cervical lymph nodes compared to their wild-type counterparts. Aβ deposition and gliosis were significantly reduced in the hippocampi of the MAE-supplemented <i>App^NL-G-F</i> groups. However, MAE feeding did not alter spatial recognition memory in either sex or genotype compared to their vehicle groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings demonstrated that the administration of <i>P. atrovolvatus</i> aqueous extract showed neuroprotective potential against AD-related changes in the brain with no adverse impact on gut health and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Experiences in Australian Mothers of Multiple Birth Infants.","authors":"Muja A Gama, Jacki L McEachran, Ashleigh H Warden, Demelza J Ireland, Donna T Geddes, Sharon L Perrella, Zoya Gridneva","doi":"10.3390/nu17101669","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Breastfeeding multiple birth infants (MBIs) poses unique challenges that require tailored support; however, research on these mothers' experiences is limited. This study explored the breastfeeding journeys of Australian mothers of MBIs, highlighting barriers, facilitators, and support needs. <b>Methods</b>: Data were collected via an online survey (May-August 2024) and included quantitative data on breastfeeding initiation, duration, and challenges, as well as qualitative insights into mothers' experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes, and statistical analyses were used to compare breastfeeding outcomes by parity. <b>Results</b>: While most mothers (87%) had an antenatal intention to breastfeed, they faced barriers such as latching difficulties (56%), inadequate milk supply (49%), and sore nipples (47%). Preterm births (58%) and neonatal unit admissions delayed the breastfeeding initiation. Most mothers (99%) used electric breast pumps to boost milk supply (68%) and enable expressed breast milk feeding by other caregivers (65% of mothers). While 72% were satisfied with hospital breastfeeding support and some mothers received excellent hands-on support, others felt neglected due to busy staff or conflicting advice. Mothers frequently reported that breastfeeding guidance was geared toward singletons, leaving them unprepared for the challenges of feeding multiples. Mothers' suggestions for improving care included specialised guidance, better access to lactation support, and in-home practical support to alleviate the burden of feeding and expressing. Additionally, mothers reported that healthcare professionals should be trained to offer practical, non-judgemental support to help mothers navigate the elaborate challenges of breastfeeding MBIs. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study underscores the need for early postpartum support and tailored guidelines to enhance MBI breastfeeding outcomes and maternal-infant well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba Protects Dopaminergic Neurons Against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Neurotoxicity in Models of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Hanbyeol Lee, In Gyoung Ju, Jin Hee Kim, Yujin Choi, Seungmin Lee, Hi-Joon Park, Myung Sook Oh","doi":"10.3390/nu17101672","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor symptoms caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. While the pathophysiology of PD is still not fully understood, it is recognized that oxidative stress plays a major role in its progression. Previous studies have shown that the aerial parts of <i>Artemisia iwayomogi</i> Kitamura (AIK) possess medicinal properties, including antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate whether AIK can alleviate neuronal loss and motor symptoms in a PD model and to explore its therapeutic mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> For the in vitro study, PC12 cells were treated with AIK and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺). For the in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were orally administered AIK for 12 days; they received intraperitoneal injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 5 consecutive days, starting on the 8th day of AIK administration. <b>Results:</b> AIK treatment to PC12 cells in the presence of MPP⁺ enhanced the phosphorylation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling pathway, which is a crucial regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation. Additionally, AIK treatment increased cell survival and induced an antioxidant response involving heme oxygenase-1, via increasing the level of Nrf2 in the nucleus. In an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, AIK administration activated Nrf2 in dopaminergic neurons and prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, which in turn alleviated motor dysfunction. <b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, these findings suggest that AIK is a potential botanical candidate for PD treatment by protecting dopaminergic neurons through antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Synbiotic Relieve Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Reshaping Gut Microbiota and Attenuating Mast Cell Hyperactivation.","authors":"Qi Yao, Wenbo Zhang, Yuze Wang, Le Shi, Yixiao Zhao, Jiarui Liang, Yu Zhao, Jiawei Kang, Xudong Zheng, Rui Guo, Tian Yuan, Yongbo She, Zhigang Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu17101670","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly impairs the lifestyle and quality of life of the global population. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely elusive. While conventional pharmacological approaches show limited therapeutic efficacy, emerging microbiota-targeted dietary interventions present promising alternatives.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a synbiotic mitigates IBS and associated colonic dysfunctions in C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mouse model was induced by a <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> (<i>C. rodentium</i>) infection combined with water avoidance stress (WAS). Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) were identified as the optimal carbon source for the growth of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> ZYC501 (<i>L. plantarum</i> ZYC501), leading to the establishment of the synbiotic formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 32-day synbiotic intervention, consisting of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZYC501 (1 × 10⁹ CFU/day) and GOS (10 g/L, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), significantly alleviated colonic transit dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, and anxiety-like behaviors in IBS mice. The synbiotic treatment significantly inhibited the expression levels of histamine, mast cell tryptase, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The synbiotic also suppressed colonic inflammation by reducing the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the synbiotic increased the expression of MUC2 and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota modulation, the synbiotic reshaped the gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Akkermansia</i> while decreasing the levels of <i>Helicobacter</i> and <i>Saccharibacteria</i>. Correlation analysis further revealed a strong association among SCFAs, colonic inflammation, and the gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the synbiotic composed of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZYC501 and GOS effectively alleviates IBS and associated colonic dysfunctions by modulating the gut microbiota, reducing mast cell hyperactivity, and enhancing colonic barrier integrity. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing gut microbiota-targeted dietary interventions for the management of IBS and improvement in gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Increase of Adropin Can Predict Depression Improvement.","authors":"Duška Krnić, Sara Sablić, Maja Marinović Guić, Danijela Budimir Mršić, Dragan Krnić, Romilda Roje, Daniela Šupe Domić, Sanja Lovrić Kojundžić","doi":"10.3390/nu17101666","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives Depression is characterized by a lack of energy, social withdrawal, and fatigue, and it is also associated with increased inflammation in the brain. Some studies suggest that adropin may have anti-inflammatory effects and could reduce the inflammatory processes contributing to depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 54 newly diagnosed patients experiencing their first episode of depression and 56 healthy volunteers in this study. The participants with depression were divided into three subgroups based on DSM-5 and BDI-II criteria. The focus of the study was to compare adropin levels between depressive patients and healthy volunteers, as well as to monitor changes in adropin levels after six months of treatment for depressive patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial measurements showed no significant differences in standard laboratory parameters or adropin levels between the depression and control groups. However, adropin and vitamin D levels increased in the group of depressive patients during the six-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research indicates that adropin plays a significant role in the development of depression and may influence the effectiveness of depression treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intake or Blood Levels of Magnesium and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Youngyo Kim, Youjin Je","doi":"10.3390/nu17101667","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The association between magnesium and metabolic syndrome has not been comprehensively examined. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between intake and blood levels of magnesium and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases to identify studies reporting an association between magnesium and metabolic syndrome up to April 2025. To pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome according to intake and blood levels of magnesium, a random effects model was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven publications including 95,933 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risk summary of metabolic syndrome for highest versus lowest intake of magnesium was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.88) for prospective cohort studies. In the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, magnesium intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.94). High blood levels of magnesium were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (effect estimate = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37-0.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present meta-analysis indicated that magnesium intake was inversely associated with a risk of metabolic syndrome. Regarding the association between blood levels of magnesium and metabolic syndrome, a significant inverse association was found, but the interpretation was cautious due to the observed high heterogeneity. The association between magnesium status and metabolic syndrome needs to be confirmed with further prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviating the Effects of Electrolyzed Alkaline Water on Hyperuricemia in Mice.","authors":"Leihong Mao, Haiqin Zhao, Xiaoyan Tian, Yumei Qin, Guohua Li, Zihan Qin, Yuezhong Mao, Xiao Ye, Yanyun Cao, Shiyi Tian","doi":"10.3390/nu17101673","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of electrolyzed alkaline water (EAW), a type of drinking water, on hyperuricemia (HUA) in mice. <b>Methods:</b> A hyperuricemia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate and free access to a high-purine diet. EAW was provided ad libitum for 21 days. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that EAW had little impact on the levels of blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, or xanthine oxidase in mice (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Interestingly, EAW ingestion induced significant reductions in uric acid and creatinine levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), along with increased urinary uric acid excretion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and less renal pathological changes in mice. Additionally, EAW upregulated GLUT9 gene expression (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and downregulated URAT1 protein expression. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, this study demonstrates that EAW promotes uric acid excretion by downregulating URAT1 and GLUT9 protein expression, resulting in a significant reduction in uric acid levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Exogenous Ketone Salts in Enhancing Circulating Acetoacetate Levels-A Pilot Study in Healthy Adults.","authors":"A Maleah Holland-Winkler, Andrew R Moore, Ilya Bederman","doi":"10.3390/nu17101665","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Ketone salt (KS) containing a racemic beta-hydroxybutyrate mixture is commonly used as an alternative fuel source as it may lead to improved health and/or performance. We postulate that KS will raise acetoacetate levels and represent the effectiveness of exogenous KS as an energy source. We conducted a pilot study to quantify changes in the circulating acetoacetate following KS and to determine if any changes in acetoacetate were associated with the changes in circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen adults (21.6 ± 4.3 years old; seven males/six females) completed this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design study. Participants consumed either KS or flavor-matched placebo with a one-week washout period between supplements. Blood samples were taken before and 30 min after consuming each supplement, and plasma acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The consumption of KS resulted in a significant increase in acetoacetate from baseline. The increase in acetoacetate after the KS supplement was significantly greater than that following the consumption of a placebo (↑ 0.57 ± 0.44 mM vs. ↑ 0.07 ± 0.23 mM, <i>p</i> = 0.009, d = 0.86), and significantly and strongly related to the change in blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.757, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that KS markedly increases plasma ketone body interconversion, presumably to supply peripheral tissues for ATP generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}