影响产后纯母乳喂养的因素:一项混合方法研究。

IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Nutrients Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.3390/nu17182992
Greyce Minarini, Eliane Lima, Karla Figueiredo, Ana Paula Carmona, Mariana Bueno, Nátaly Monroy, Cândida Primo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景/目的:母乳喂养对母婴健康至关重要,其成功与否受到多种因素的影响。本研究调查了0至12周龄婴儿母乳喂养类型的相关因素。方法:采用融合设计的混合方法研究,在巴西圣Espírito的一家医院病房进行。共有296名新生儿≥34周的母亲参与了定量和定性两个阶段。定性阶段包括在医院环境中进行的半结构化访谈。在定量阶段,通过电话分三波(产后14天、40天和90天)收集数据,分析建立和维持母乳喂养的关键时刻,分析社会人口因素(年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、怀孕次数)、临床因素(胎龄、分娩方式、产奶量)和支持因素(社会和医院)。采用描述性统计分析和二项、多项logistic回归模型,在r4.3.3软件中进行。定性和定量的研究结果通过同时合并整合,并在联合展示中呈现。结果:分析显示,虽然大多数母亲对产前护理的依从性较高,但母乳喂养咨询不足。除了分娩类型和直接的皮肤接触外,其他因素也被发现与保持纯母乳喂养有关。更高的母亲教育和更多的怀孕次数与更好的母乳喂养做法有关,尽管在统计意义上存在差异。住院期间获得的支持,特别是来自保健小组的支持,也成为定性报告的核心内容,加强了其作为继续母乳喂养的保护因素的作用。在最初48小时内过早使用配方奶被认为是开始和维持母乳喂养的障碍。结论:纯母乳喂养的持续时间和维持情况随着时间的推移而变化,这取决于产前预约次数、教育水平、怀孕次数、分娩方式、直接皮肤接触,以及最重要的是在最初48小时内使用配方奶粉等因素。在产科病房过早引入配方奶粉是母乳喂养的一个重大障碍。加强综合公共政策和多学科举措的重要性,促进从出生开始母乳喂养。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Postpartum Period: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding is essential to maternal and child health, and multiple factors influence its success. This study examined the factors associated with breastfeeding type among infants aged 0 to 12 weeks. Methods: A mixed-methods study, employing a convergent design, was conducted in the rooming in unit of a hospital in Espírito Santo, Brazil. A total of 296 mothers of neonates ≥ 34 weeks participated in both the quantitative and qualitative phases. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews conducted in the hospital setting. In the quantitative phase, data were collected via telephone in three waves (on days 14, 40, and 90 postpartum), critical moments for establishing and maintaining breastfeeding, analyzing sociodemographic factors (age, education, marital status, number of pregnancies), clinical factors (gestational age, mode of delivery, milk production) and support factors (social and hospital). Descriptive statistical analysis and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used, conducted in R 4.3.3 software. The qualitative and quantitative findings were integrated through simultaneous incorporation and presented in a joint display. Results: The analysis showed that although most mothers had high adherence to prenatal care, breastfeeding counseling was insufficient. In addition to the type of delivery and immediate skin-to-skin contact, other factors were also found to be relevant to maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. Higher maternal education and a greater number of pregnancies were associated with better breastfeeding practices, albeit with variations in statistical significance. Support received during hospitalization, especially from the healthcare team, also emerged as a central element in the qualitative reports, reinforcing its role as a protective factor for continued breastfeeding. Early formula use within the first 48 h was identified as a barrier to initiating and maintaining breastfeeding. Conclusions: The duration and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding varied over time, depending on factors such as the number of prenatal appointments, education level, number of pregnancies, mode of delivery, immediate skin-to-skin contact, and, most importantly, the use of formula in the first 48 h. The early introduction of formula in maternity wards represented a significant obstacle to breastfeeding, reinforcing the importance of integrated public policies and multidisciplinary initiatives that promote breastfeeding from birth.

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来源期刊
Nutrients
Nutrients NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
15.30%
发文量
4599
审稿时长
16.74 days
期刊介绍: Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) is an international, peer-reviewed open access advanced forum for studies related to Human Nutrition. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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