Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Vegetarian or Vegan Diets on Glycemic and Cardiometabolic Health in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Mengjiao Lv, Jing Mao, Saikun Wang, Changyue Zhang, Yueping Ma, Haiyan Xu, Chunting Qian, Lirong Guo","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Uncertainties still exist about the effect of vegetarian or vegan diets on glycemic and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although plant-based diets are thought to be beneficial for cardiometabolic health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to investigate whether vegetarian or vegan diets can improve blood glucose and cardiometabolic health in patients with T2DM compared with omnivorous diets.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase) were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to May 24, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two authors independently performed the data extraction and quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Nine RCTs (681 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that vegetarian or vegan diets could reduce glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C (HbA1c) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.36%; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.19; P < .001), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.07; P = .001, and body mass index (WMD = -0.94 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.45; P = .0002) in a population with T2DM; however, they resulted in no significant improvement in systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose. In subgroup analyses, the positive effects of a vegan diet were superior to a vegetarian diet for cardiometabolic health. HbA1c was reduced when vegetarian or vegan intake was more than 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, vegetarian or vegan diets could be utilized as a synergistic intervention in the T2DM population, contributing to cardiovascular disease prevention. In the future, the proportion of components that make up a plant-based diet should be explored.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024578613.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Biomarkers Associated With Longevity.","authors":"Beatriz de Luca Silva, Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo, Gisele W B Colleoni","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dynamic balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory networks decreases as individuals age, and intestinal dysbiosis can initiate and maintain low-grade systemic inflammation. Interactions between the microbiota and humans occur from the beginning of life and, in general, the diversity of microbiota decreases with aging. The microbiome produces different metabolites with systemic effects, including immune system regulation. This understanding will be useful in controlling inflammation and preventing metabolic changes. Therefore, this review aims to identify the main metabolites synthesized by the intestinal microbiota to be used as biomarkers associated with longevity. This is a narrative review using scientific articles published in the last 10 years in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs, using the Boolean operators \"and\" or \"or.\" For this review, we identified 5 articles. The main metabolites described in the literature to date are organic acids, bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and derivatives of tryptophan and indole. Among these, the only ones not yet well characterized in studies on longevity were BAs and TMAO. Glutamate and p-cresol were also highlighted in the literature, with a negative association with longevity. The others showed an association, mostly positive, and can be used as potential biomarkers correlated with healthy aging and, if better studied, as targets for intervention to promote health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Health Benefits of a Diet Rich in Organic Fruit and Vegetables versus a Diet Based on Conventional Produce: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nathalie Komati, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Jean-Michel Lecerf, Luc P Belzunces, Delphine Tailliez, Claire Chambrier, Johanna Calvarin, Marie-Josèphe Amiot","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Over the past decade, the production and consumption of organic food (OF) have received increasing interest. Scientific studies have shown better quality of organic fruit and vegetables (FV) in terms of nutrients and pesticide contents, but it appears difficult to conclude if there are potentially greater health benefits of these products compared with conventional food (CF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the current scientific literature demonstrates that a diet rich in organic FV is healthier than 1 based on conventional produce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published between January 2003 and December 2022. Articles were analyzed uniformly by 2 reviewer, using a specific template summary sheet, and scored from 1 to 5. The level of evidence and the quality of studies in humans were assessed using the Jadad score and the French National Authority for Health method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 human studies were included. Studies often reported contradictory or even opposite results, with methodological limitations. Only 6 of the 12 studies found significant associations between OF and the health outcomes evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current data do not enable a firm conclusion about a greater health benefit for a diet rich in FV based on products grown organically compared with conventional farming. There is a paucity of available data and considerable heterogeneity in study designs (participants, exposures, durations, health outcomes, and residual confounding factors). Well-designed interventional studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1101-e1114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Herbal Tea (Non-Camellia sinensis) on Glucose Homeostasis and Serum Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand, Shintaro Ogawa, Bailey Nestor, William Bridges, Vivian Haley-Zitlin","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increase the risk for diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. Identification of safe and cost-effective means to reduce risk factors is needed. Herbal teas may be a vehicle to deliver antioxidants and polyphenols for prevention of complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and summarize the impact of herbal tea (non-Camellia sinensis) on glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through February 2023 using relevant keyword proxy terms for diabetes, serum lipids, and \"non-Camellia sinensis\" or \"tea.\"</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data from 14 randomized controlled trials, totaling 551 participants, were included in the meta-analysis of glycemic and serum lipid profile end points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analysis suggested a significant association between drinking herbal tea (prepared with 2-20 g d-1 plant ingredients) and reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = .0034) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P = .045). In subgroup analysis based on studies using water or placebo as the control, significant reductions were found in serum total cholesterol (TC; P = .024), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = .037), and triglyceride (TG; P = .043) levels with a medium effect size. Meta-regression analysis suggested that study characteristics, including the ratio of male participants, trial duration, and region, were significant sources of FBG and HbA1c effect size heterogeneity; type of control intervention was a significant source of TC and LDL-C effect size heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Herbal tea consumption significantly affected glycemic profiles in individuals with T2D, lowering FBG levels and HbA1c. Significance was seen in improved lipid profiles (TC, TG, and LDL-C levels) through herbal tea treatments when water or placebo was the control. This suggests water or placebo may be a more suitable control when examining antidiabetic properties of beverages. Additional research is needed to corroborate these findings, given the limited number of studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1128-e1145"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conference of the Parties (COP) 28 Takeaways at the Intersection of Health, Climate, and Food.","authors":"Yevheniia Varyvoda","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 28) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change brought together 85 000 climate stakeholders to leverage solutions and accelerate climate actions in 4 key areas: energy transition; issue of funding and financing of climate actions; emphasis on nature, people's lives, and livelihoods; and ensuring inclusivity for all. This commentary highlights insights at the intersection of health, climate, and food gained by the author from participating in COP 28 events. The objective is to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners on emerging opportunities to scale specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-based (SMART) climate actions that prioritize health and boost the resilience of food and public health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1355-e1357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Saffron Versus Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Arman Shafiee, Kyana Jafarabady, Niloofar Seighali, Ida Mohammadi, Shahryar Rajai Firouz Abadi, Faeze Soltani Abhari, Mahmood Bakhtiyari","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Saffron, a natural remedy with potential antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic option.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of saffron versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Data source: </strong>Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database, were searched from inception to April 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing saffron intervention with SSRIs in adults with depression or anxiety were included.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Random-effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratio (RRs) with their 95% CIs calculated continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Meta-analysis of 8 studies assessing depression outcomes revealed a nonsignificant difference between saffron and SSRIs in reducing depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.10l 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.29). Four studies reporting anxiety outcomes showed a nonsignificant difference between saffron and SSRIs in reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.29). With regard to safety, participants receiving saffron had fewer adverse events than the SSRI group (risk difference: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.04; I2: 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Saffron could be a potential SSRI alternative to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms with fewer adverse events. Further research with larger sample sizes and in diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential moderators of treatment response.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023443236.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e751-e761"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Exogenous Ketones in People with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Russell H Swerdlow, Thibault Mastain, Catherine Dive-Pouletty, Nick Pooley, Masoumeh Kisomi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formally known as mild cognitive impairment, is usually the clinical stage preceding the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent major NCD, and other causes of dementia. Glucose is a major source of energy for human brain metabolism and the uptake of glucose is reduced in patients with mild NCD, AD, and other NCDs. Unlike glucose, the uptake of ketones remains normal in people with mild NCD and AD, suggesting that the use of ketone bodies may compensate for glucose energy deficiency in patients with mild NCD and AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the efficacy and safety of exogenic ketones, including medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), on cognitive function in patients with mild NCD and AD.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PubMed Ahead-of-Print, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Europe PMC databases were searched from inception to April 2022. Studies reporting cognitive function efficacy and safety outcomes from randomized controlled trials of exogenic ketones in patients with mild NCD and AD were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, version 2.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>This review identified 13 individual trials investigating the efficacy and safety of MCT or coconut oil for patients with mild NCD or with AD. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, improvements associated with exogenic ketones were observed in multiple aspects of cognitive abilities, although the large heterogeneity between the included studies makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions from the current literature. Although some studies investigated the impact of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status on treatment efficacy, the current data are insufficient to conclude whether such an effect is present.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022336664.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1034-e1048"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLIM Achieves Best Diagnostic Performance in Non-Cancer Patients with Low BMI: A Hierarchical Bayesian Latent-Class Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tiantian Wu, Mingming Zhou, Kedi Xu, Yuanlin Zou, Shaobo Zhang, Haoqing Cheng, Pengxia Guo, Chunhua Song","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) are commonly used nutrition assessment tools, whose performance does not reach a consensus due to different and imperfect reference standards.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of GLIM and PG-SGA, using a hierarchical Bayesian latent class model, in the absence of a gold standard.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 2022. Diagnostic test studies comparing (1) the GLIM and/or (2) PG-SGA with \"semi-gold\" standard assessment tools for malnutrition were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two authors independently extracted data on sensitivity, specificity, and other key characteristics. The methodological quality of each included study was appraised according to the criteria in the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 45 studies, comprising 20 876 individuals evaluated for GLIM and 11 575 for PG-SGA, were included. The pooled sensitivity was 0.833 (95% CI 0.744 to 0.896) for GLIM and 0.874 (0.797 to 0.925) for PG-SGA, while the pooled specificity was 0.837 (0.780 to 0.882) for GLIM and 0.778 (0.707 to 0.836) for PG-SGA. GLIM showed slightly better performance than PG-SGA, with a higher diagnostic odds ratio (25.791 vs 24.396). The diagnostic performance of GLIM was most effective in non-cancer patients with an average body mass index (BMI) of <24 kg/m2, followed by non-cancer patients with an average age of ≥60 years. PG-SGA was most powerful in cancer patients with an average age of <60 years, followed by cancer patients with an average BMI of <24 kg/m2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both GLIM and PG-SGA had moderately high diagnostic capabilities. GLIM was most effective in non-cancer patients with a low BMI, while PG-SGA was more applicable in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022380409.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e877-e891"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sesamin in Animal Models of Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jinshi Zuo, Jingyi Ren, Bowen Yin, Ziyi Wang, Qiqi Cui, Jiarui Liu, Dan Huang, Huanting Pei, Rui Wen, Yadong Zhang, Yuxia Ma","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>As living standards have improved and lifestyles have undergone changes, metabolic diseases associated with obesity have become increasingly prevalent. It is well established that sesamin (Ses) (PubChem CID: 72307), the primary lignans in sesame seeds and sesame oil, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Ses on animal models of obesity-related diseases was performed to assess their impact on relevant disease parameters. Importantly, this study sought to provide insights for the design of future human clinical studies utilizing Ses as a nutritional supplement or drug.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This study conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, identifying English language articles published from inception to April 2023.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The search incorporated keywords such as \"sesamin,\" \"obesity,\" \"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,\" \"type 2 diabetes mellitus,\" and \"metabolic syndrome.\" The meta-analysis included 17 articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Overall, the pooled results demonstrated that Ses significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol (P = .010), total serum triglycerides (P = .003), alanine transaminase (P = .003), and blood glucose (P < .001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = .012) in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the type 2 diabetes model, Ses mitigated drug-induced weight loss (P < .001), high-fat-diet-induced weight gain (P < .001), and blood glucose levels (P = .001). In the metabolic syndrome model, Ses was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P < .001), total serum cholesterol (P < .001), total serum triglycerides (P < .001), blood glucose (P < .001), and alanine transaminase levels (P = .039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis results of this study suggest that Ses supplementation yields favorable effects in animal models of obesity-related diseases, including hypolipidemic, insulin-lowering, and hypoglycemic abilities, as well as organ protection from oxidative stress and reduced inflammation.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023438502.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e838-e851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.","authors":"Sepideh Soltani, Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi, Farzaneh Asoudeh, Kimia Torabynasab, Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Mahdi Hejazi, Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi, Fatemeh Meshkini, Elham Razmpoosh, Shima Abdollahi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Current evidence on the effect of a low-fat (LF) diet on depression scores has been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect of an LF diet on depression scores of adults by systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to June 7, 2023, to identify trials investigating the effect of an LF diet (fat intake ≤30% of energy intake) on the depression score.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled summary effects of an LF diet on the depression score (as Hedges g).</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Finding from 10 trials with 50 846 participants indicated no significant change in depression score following LF diets in comparison with usual diet (Hedges g = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.03; P = 0.12; I2 = 70.7% [for I2, 95% CI, 44%, 85%]). However, a significant improvement was observed in both usual diet and LF diets when the content of protein was 15-20% of calorie intake (LF, normal protein diet: n = 5, Hedges g = -0.21, 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%; usual, normal protein diet: n = 3, Hedges g = -0.28, 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.05, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis also found the depression score improved following LF diet intervention in participants without baseline depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that LF diet may have small beneficial effect on depression score in the studies enrolled mentally healthy participants. Moreover, achieving to adequate dietary protein is likely to be a better intervention than manipulating dietary fat to improve depression scores. However, it is not clear whether this effect will last in the long term. Conducting more studies may change the results due to the low-certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>CRD42023420978 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e741-e750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}