Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Weight loss interventions for patients with prostate cancer: a scoping review.","authors":"Karen Hye-Cheon Kim Yeary, Han Yu, Krista Varady, Li Tang","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review Guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of weight loss interventions for patients with prostate cancer, with the goal to ascertain the impact of these interventions on body weight, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and prostate cancer-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six bibliographical databases were searched. Eligible studies included articles reporting weight loss behavioral interventions with at least dietary change as an intervention component, body weight as an outcome, and interventions not solely focused on weight loss maintenance. Patients with prostate cancer of any stage were included. At least 2 independent reviewers used a data-charting form to extract study characteristics and results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 studies were included. The sample consisted predominately of White patients with prostate cancer (multiple stages) in the United States. Most interventions included both dietary and physical activity components and were delivered 1-on-1 in-person and/or by telephone. Most of the studies reported that participants experienced significant weight loss and beneficial body composition changes, with a higher proportion of studies with a longer intervention period and dose (time) reporting greater magnitude of changes in outcomes. There were mixed results regarding the interventions' impact on metabolic biomarkers and prostate cancer-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Understanding the impact of weight loss interventions on patients with prostate cancer is important. Studies including metabolic biomarkers, prostate cancer outcomes, and more diverse populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sesamin in Animal Models of Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jinshi Zuo, Jingyi Ren, Bowen Yin, Ziyi Wang, Qiqi Cui, Jiarui Liu, Dan Huang, Huanting Pei, Rui Wen, Yadong Zhang, Yuxia Ma","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>As living standards have improved and lifestyles have undergone changes, metabolic diseases associated with obesity have become increasingly prevalent. It is well established that sesamin (Ses) (PubChem CID: 72307), the primary lignans in sesame seeds and sesame oil, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Ses on animal models of obesity-related diseases was performed to assess their impact on relevant disease parameters. Importantly, this study sought to provide insights for the design of future human clinical studies utilizing Ses as a nutritional supplement or drug.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This study conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, identifying English language articles published from inception to April 2023.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The search incorporated keywords such as \"sesamin,\" \"obesity,\" \"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,\" \"type 2 diabetes mellitus,\" and \"metabolic syndrome.\" The meta-analysis included 17 articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Overall, the pooled results demonstrated that Ses significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol (P = .010), total serum triglycerides (P = .003), alanine transaminase (P = .003), and blood glucose (P < .001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = .012) in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the type 2 diabetes model, Ses mitigated drug-induced weight loss (P < .001), high-fat-diet-induced weight gain (P < .001), and blood glucose levels (P = .001). In the metabolic syndrome model, Ses was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P < .001), total serum cholesterol (P < .001), total serum triglycerides (P < .001), blood glucose (P < .001), and alanine transaminase levels (P = .039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis results of this study suggest that Ses supplementation yields favorable effects in animal models of obesity-related diseases, including hypolipidemic, insulin-lowering, and hypoglycemic abilities, as well as organ protection from oxidative stress and reduced inflammation.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023438502.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Exogenous Ketones in People with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Russell H Swerdlow, Thibault Mastain, Catherine Dive-Pouletty, Nick Pooley, Masoumeh Kisomi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formally known as mild cognitive impairment, is usually the clinical stage preceding the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent major NCD, and other causes of dementia. Glucose is a major source of energy for human brain metabolism and the uptake of glucose is reduced in patients with mild NCD, AD, and other NCDs. Unlike glucose, the uptake of ketones remains normal in people with mild NCD and AD, suggesting that the use of ketone bodies may compensate for glucose energy deficiency in patients with mild NCD and AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the efficacy and safety of exogenic ketones, including medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), on cognitive function in patients with mild NCD and AD.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PubMed Ahead-of-Print, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Europe PMC databases were searched from inception to April 2022. Studies reporting cognitive function efficacy and safety outcomes from randomized controlled trials of exogenic ketones in patients with mild NCD and AD were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, version 2.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>This review identified 13 individual trials investigating the efficacy and safety of MCT or coconut oil for patients with mild NCD or with AD. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, improvements associated with exogenic ketones were observed in multiple aspects of cognitive abilities, although the large heterogeneity between the included studies makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions from the current literature. Although some studies investigated the impact of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status on treatment efficacy, the current data are insufficient to conclude whether such an effect is present.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022336664.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoid Supplementation Is Beneficial for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yiting Jiang, Weihuan Hu, Hanyue Zhu, Chang Liu, Fan Qu, Jue Zhou","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal imbalance that predominantly affects women in their reproductive years. Previous studies have yielded conflicting conclusions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This is an updated meta-analysis aiming to explore the connection between flavonoid supplementation and PCOS.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Seven databases were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, spanning from their inception to April 15, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two authors independently searched the databases using the search terms.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Following strict inclusion criteria, 8 papers were ultimately included. This updated meta-analysis suggests that flavonoid supplementation could enhance follicular development, promote the proliferation and differentiation of follicular granulosa cells, elevate estradiol levels, and mitigate testosterone, C-reactive protein, and ovarian index levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis suggests that dietary flavonoids could potentially alleviate symptoms associated with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022382912.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hesperidin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Zeinab Heidari, Fatemeh Farahmandpour, Hadi Bazyar, Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Hesperidin is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that may influence cardiometabolic markers, but the existing evidence is inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to further investigate the effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiometabolic markers in adults.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted up to August 2023, utilizing relevant key words in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>RCTs that examined the impact of hesperidin on fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were selected independently by 2 authors. The GRADE assessment was used to ascertain the certainty of the evidence. Results were pooled using a random-effects model as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that hesperidin supplementation had a significant impact on reducing FBS, TG, TC, LDL-C, SBP, and TNF-α. However, there was no significant effect observed on insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, HDL-C, DBP, and hs-CRP. The study's subgroup analyses also revealed that interventions lasting more than 12 weeks were effective in reducing FBS, TG, TC, and LDL-C. Moreover, hesperidin dosage exceeding 500 mg/day showed significance in reducing FBS, TC, and LDL-C levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this research suggests that hesperidin can be consumed as an effective dietary approach to enhance cardiometabolic markers.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022325775.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.","authors":"Stephen R Robinson, Frank L Greenway, Richard C Deth, Flavia Fayet-Moore","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut and brain communicate through bidirectional neural, endocrine, and immune signals to coordinate central nervous system activity with gastrointestinal function. Dysregulated inflammation can promote immune cell activation and increase entero-endocrine signaling and intestinal permeability; hence, a functional gut-brain axis is necessary for a healthy digestive system. The consumption of milk products can lead to gut discomfort via effects on gastrointestinal tract function and the inflammatory state, which, in turn, affect the brain. A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are major components of bovine-milk protein, and their digestion may result in different physiological effects following the consumption of milk products. Peptides derived from A1 β-casein, such as β-casomorphins, may increase gut dysfunction and inflammation, thereby modulating the availability of bioactive metabolites in the bloodstream and contribute to changes in cognitive function. This narrative review examines the functional interrelationships between the consumption of cow-milk-derived β-caseins and their effect on the brain, immune system, and the gut, which together comprise the gut-brain axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk and Mortality by Dietary Pattern Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zegeye Abebe, Molla Mesele Wassie, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Amy C Reynolds, Yohannes Adama Melaku","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae090","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context: &lt;/strong&gt;Several studies have demonstrated that dietary patterns identified by a posteriori and hybrid methods are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk and mortality. These studies applied different methods for analyzing dietary data and reported inconsistent findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns, derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR), and GI cancer risk and GI cancer-caused mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data source: &lt;/strong&gt;Articles published up to June 2023 in English were eligible for inclusion. The Medline, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences databases were used to identify prospective studies. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol 2020 was used to report results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data extraction: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 28 studies were eligible for inclusion. Varied approaches to deriving dietary patterns were used, including PCA (n = 22), RRR (n = 2), combined PCA and RRR (n = 1), cluster analysis (CA; n = 2) and combined PCA and CA (n = 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two dietary patterns, \"healthy\" and \"unhealthy,\" were derived using PCA and RRR. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by a higher intake of fruits, whole grains, legumes, vegetables, milk, and other dairy products, whereas the unhealthy dietary pattern was characterized by a higher intake of red and processed meat, alcohol, and both refined and sugar-sweetened beverages. The findings indicated that the PCA-derived healthy dietary pattern was associated with an 8% reduced risk (relative risk [RR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98), and the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.22) of GI cancers. Similarly, the RRR-derived healthy dietary pattern (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.61-1.12) may be associated with reduced risk of GI cancers. In contrast, the RRR-derived unhealthy dietary pattern (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.57-1.52) had no association with a reduced risk of GI cancers. Similarly, evidence suggested that PCA-derived healthy dietary patterns may reduce the risk of death from GI cancers, whereas PCA-derived unhealthy dietary patterns may increase the risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Findings from prospective studies on the association of PCA-derived dietary patterns and the risk of GI cancers support the evidence of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns as either protective or risk-increasing factors for GI cancers and for survivorship, respectively. The findings also suggest that the RRR-derived healthy dietary pattern reduces the risk of GI cancers (albeit with low precision), but no association was found for the RRR-derived unhealthy dietary pattern. Prospective studies are required to further clarify disparities in the association between PCA- and RRR-derived","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLIM Achieves Best Diagnostic Performance in Non-Cancer Patients with Low BMI: A Hierarchical Bayesian Latent-Class Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tiantian Wu, Mingming Zhou, Kedi Xu, Yuanlin Zou, Shaobo Zhang, Haoqing Cheng, Pengxia Guo, Chunhua Song","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) are commonly used nutrition assessment tools, whose performance does not reach a consensus due to different and imperfect reference standards.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of GLIM and PG-SGA, using a hierarchical Bayesian latent class model, in the absence of a gold standard.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 2022. Diagnostic test studies comparing (1) the GLIM and/or (2) PG-SGA with \"semi-gold\" standard assessment tools for malnutrition were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two authors independently extracted data on sensitivity, specificity, and other key characteristics. The methodological quality of each included study was appraised according to the criteria in the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 45 studies, comprising 20 876 individuals evaluated for GLIM and 11 575 for PG-SGA, were included. The pooled sensitivity was 0.833 (95% CI 0.744 to 0.896) for GLIM and 0.874 (0.797 to 0.925) for PG-SGA, while the pooled specificity was 0.837 (0.780 to 0.882) for GLIM and 0.778 (0.707 to 0.836) for PG-SGA. GLIM showed slightly better performance than PG-SGA, with a higher diagnostic odds ratio (25.791 vs 24.396). The diagnostic performance of GLIM was most effective in non-cancer patients with an average body mass index (BMI) of <24 kg/m2, followed by non-cancer patients with an average age of ≥60 years. PG-SGA was most powerful in cancer patients with an average age of <60 years, followed by cancer patients with an average BMI of <24 kg/m2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both GLIM and PG-SGA had moderately high diagnostic capabilities. GLIM was most effective in non-cancer patients with a low BMI, while PG-SGA was more applicable in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022380409.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Quantity and Type of Dietary Protein on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Using Standard and Network Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Yueying Yao, Vanessa Huang, Vernice Seah, Jung Eun Kim","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Higher protein diets (HPDs) have shown favorable outcomes on weight maintenance and body-composition management; however, their protective effects against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain uncertain and contentious. Furthermore, it is important to consider the influence of other macronutrients in the diet and type of dietary protein when studying HPDs, because this aspect has been overlooked in previous studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed the impacts of quantity and type of dietary protein on CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A database search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and a total of 100 articles met the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Extracted data from 100 articles were analyzed using standard meta-analysis, and 41 articles were also analyzed using network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>In the standard meta-analysis, an HPD had significant favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean difference [MD] = -1.51 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.77, -0.25), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD = -1.08 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.81, -0.35), and flow-mediated dilation (MD = 0.78%; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.47) compared with lower protein diets. The further network meta-analysis supported that the high-protein, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet was the most recommended diet to ensure a maximum decrease in SBP, DBP, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In comparison to animal-protein-rich diets, plant-protein-rich diets (PPRs) exhibited a significant favorable effects on improving TC (MD = -0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05), triglyceride (MD = -0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.01), LDL-C (MD = -0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.18, -0.04), and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.03 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.04) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of HPDs and PPRs supports improvements in vascular health and lipid-lipoprotein profiles, respectively. Furthermore, macronutrient composition should be carefully designed in the dietary approach to maximize the effectiveness of HPDs in improving CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022369931.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Jessica A L Tucker, Seth F McCarthy, Derek P D Bornath, Jenna S Khoja, Tom J Hazell","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Energy intake may differ across the menstrual cycle, with some studies identifying greater energy intake in the luteal phase (LP) compared with the follicular phase (FP) and others finding no clear differences. To date, no study has systematically synthesized the available data to draw more definite conclusions while considering any methodological inconsistencies between studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to conduct a systematic review/meta-analysis in an effort to determine if there are differences in energy intake between the FP and LP.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search strategy was developed and the search was conducted in 5 databases for studies that investigated any changes in energy intake across menstrual phases.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Using Covidence, studies were identified and included if they contained individuals between the ages of 18 and 45 years, maintained an average body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-25 kg/m2, had no history of disordered eating, and included energy intake and menstrual cycle measurements in the FP and LP.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Effect sizes were calculated for each study and a random-effects model was used to pool the results of each study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen datasets were included consisting of 330 female participants with a mean age of 26 ± 4 years and mean BMI of 22.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference (standardized mean difference = 0.69; P = .039) with increased energy intake in the LP compared with the FP (crude 168 kcal⋅d-1 average difference between phases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Energy intake was found to be greater in the LP compared with the FP, providing insight into the effect of the menstrual cycle on energy intake. However, there were repeated methodological inconsistencies and future work should strive to utilize best practices for both energy intake measurement and menstrual phase specification.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}