Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Eating Without Pleasure: The Concept of Sedatic Hunger.","authors":"Sedat Arslan","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this commentary the concept of and term for \"Sedatic Hunger\" are introduced for a distinct form of hunger characterized by an eating pattern that is driven solely by biological necessity, without being associated with the pursuit of sensory pleasure or psychological satisfaction. Unlike physiological hunger, which leads to satiation and results in satisfaction, or hedonic hunger, which leads to craving for sensory enjoyment but is not necessarily assuaged by satisfaction, Sedatic Hunger represents a neutral, function-focused approach to food. Individuals experiencing Sedatic Hunger treat food merely as fuel, demonstrating marked indifference to taste, aroma, and emotional engagement. In particular, in individuals with depression, restrictive diets, or high-stress lifestyles, approaching food consumption from the perspective of Sedatic Hunger has implications for clinical nutrition and mental health. The Sedatic Hunger Scale (SHS), currently under development by the author, is aimed to allow quantification of this phenomenon and exploration of its relevance across diverse populations. Through recognition of the phenomenon of Sedatic Hunger, our understanding of eating behaviors may be expanded and interventions developed for individuals who experience eating as an obligatory task rather than a pleasurable activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cereal Fibers and Satiety: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alicia Machalias, Jessica J A Ferguson, Trish Guy, Eleanor J Beck","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Intake of cereal fiber has been linked to favorable health outcomes, such as lower body weight. Changes in perceived appetite sensations are a possible mechanism. Evidence of varied effects of different cereal fibers on satiety is conflicting.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considering satiety as a potential mechanism to reduce dietary intake, this study aimed to systematically review the effect of higher cereal fiber intake compared with a lower-fiber control on appetite sensations and ad libitum energy intake, using visual analog scales and subsequent meal intake data.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Literature pertaining to the effects of cereal fibers on satiety outcomes was gathered through Medline, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Randomized crossover intervention studies in healthy humans assessing the effects of cereal fibers on subjective measures of appetite for a minimum of 2 hours, with ≥3-day washout periods, and that detailed the type and amount of fiber delivered for each intervention were eligible. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist and Health Canada Consistency Tool.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Evidence from 48 studies indicated that cereal fiber intake was associated with favorable effects on satiety and other measures of appetite but limited effects on ad libitum energy intake. Higher cereal fiber intake from rye and oat sources showed superior effects on appetite compared with a lower-fiber control. Wheat and barley fibers as well as functional fibers, resistant starch, and soluble corn fiber, showed a weak effect on appetite sensations and ad libitum energy intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, a higher intake of cereal fiber compared with a low-fiber control indicates positive effects on satiety measures. Further research is required to assess the influence of physicochemical properties of different cereal fiber types as well as effects of age, gender, and disease state on expression of satiety signals.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023395182.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Microelements in the Individualized Approach to Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.","authors":"Elena Jechel, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Ancuta Lupu, Adriana Mocanu, Solange Tamara Rosu, Ionela Daniela Morariu, Valentin Munteanu, Razvan Tudor Tepordei, Delia Lidia Salaru, Anton Knieling, Alin Horatiu Nedelcu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a widely studied condition in current research owing to its chronic nature, diverse characteristics, and unique morbidity and mortality patterns. These factors have increased the focus on developing adjunctive and personalized treatment strategies. In line with international guidelines, we performed a review of the scientific literature to explore the role of trace elements in the pathophysiology of pediatric NS. Our primary focus was on strategies for predicting and intervening in the natural progression of the disease. To achieve these goals, we conducted a comprehensive search of the major international databases covering the period from 2000 to 2024. Additionally, we reviewed the bibliographies of the selected publications for previously published key references in the field. The main findings were presented as a narrative, emphasizing the relationship between trace element levels in serum and urine and the progression of pediatric NS, including relapse frequency, infection risk, progression to chronic kidney disease, hospitalization needs, and related complications. A concise overview of the relevant trace elements was also provided. The gathered data overwhelmingly support the connection between trace element deficiency or supplementation and the variability in NS patterns. The practical aim of this article is to raise awareness about the effectiveness and benefits of trace element supplementation in pediatric patients with NS. Moreover, we are confident that the application of this increased understanding of the influence of microelement dynamics on the pathophysiological and therapeutic characteristics will lead to reduced disease-related morbidity children with NS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Vitamin Deficiency With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review.","authors":"Yansheng Jin, Lan Ding, Maoxiao Fan, Ning Kong","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe pulmonary vascular syndrome characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, which may lead to right-heart failure and death. Nutritional deficiencies have been identified in patients with PAH. However, a comprehensive characterization of vitamin deficiencies in patients with PAH and their potential roles remains lacking. Consequently, this review aims to synthesize existing literature on the roles of vitamins in PAH, encompassing the epidemiology of vitamin deficiencies, observational and interventional studies investigating the therapeutic potential of vitamins in patients with PAH, and the molecular mechanisms through which vitamins may influence endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vascular remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Risk of Dementia in Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.","authors":"Yuting Wang, Xiaoxia Lin, Lan Cheng, Xinxin Cheng, Jianyun He, Shufang Xia","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Three healthy dietary patterns-the Mediterranean (MED) diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet-have all been recognized to show potential protective effects against dementia, but the results are inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigated the associations between the 3 healthy dietary patterns and risk of dementia in elderly individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to April 12, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>A total of 12 studies, involving 14 cohorts, were included.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the highest vs lowest category of dietary adherence were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. The pooled HR in the MED diet was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.71-1.03) based on 51 581 participants, while in the DASH diet and the MIND diet with 36 123 and 18 328 participants, the pooled HRs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.60-1.06) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.89), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the pooled HRs for the MED diet were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55-0.93) when the follow-up duration was 10 years or less, and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.48-0.82) when the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria were used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to the MIND diet could be an effective nonpharmacological measure to reduce the risk of dementia among the elderly.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024532389.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Petrana Martinekova, Mahmoud Obeidat, Mihaela Topala, Szilárd Váncsa, Dániel Sándor Veres, Ádám Zolcsák, Miheller Pál, László Földvári-Nagy, Peter Banovcin, Bálint Erőss, Péter Hegyi, Krisztina Hagymasi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in chronic liver disease. Although international societies recommend vitamin D supplementation in cases of proven deficiency, the impact of vitamin D on chronic liver disease remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on July 2, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Our primary outcomes involved survival, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and effects on changes in liver enzymes. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), among others. The pooled risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using the random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Forty-six RCTs were included, comprising 4084 patients. When we compared the vitamin D group with the control, the RR for overall survival was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.85-1.54; 4 RCTs) at 6 months and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.83-1.17; 4 RCTs) at the 12-month follow-up. Vitamin D supplementation did not result in a lower CAP (MD, -23.50 dB/m; 95% CI, -81.72 to 34.72; 3 RCTs) and LSM (MD, -0.65 kPa; 95% CI, -1.98 to 0.68; 3 RCTs). A significant reduction in HOMA-IR was observed in the vitamin D group (MD, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.01; 15 RCTs). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (MD, -4.98 IU/L; 95% CI, -8.28 to -1.68; 24 RCTs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (MD, -3.33 IU/L; 95% CI, -6.25 to -0.40; 23 RCTs), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (MD, -5.14 IU/L; -6.40; -3.88; 11 RCTs), triglycerides (MD, -7.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -15.09 to -0.81), and insulin (MD -0.79 μIU/L; 95% CI, -1.36 to -0.21) were significantly reduced in the patients with vitamin D supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results showed significantly reduced ALT, AST, GGT, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR in the vitamin D-supplemented group; however, the effect was modest. In addition, there were no differences in survival, CAP, or LSM. Further RCTs with adequate power are warranted to clarify the results.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022370312.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Early-Life Growth on Long-Term Cardiometabolic and Neurocognitive Outcomes in High-Income Countries: A Neglected Public Health Problem.","authors":"Joseph Freer, Joanna Orr, Jonathan C K Wells, Andrew J Prendergast","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stunting affects approximately one-quarter of children worldwide. While the majority of these children live in Africa and Asia, a social gradient in height exists within high-income countries (HICs). In contrast to the coordinated focus on stunting in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), linear growth is not a public health priority in high-income settings. We reviewed the literature on relationships between linear growth and cardiometabolic outcomes (coronary heart disease [CHD], overweight/obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes) and neurocognitive outcomes. We take a life-course approach, and use the \"capacity load\" model as a framework for understanding why stunting is associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. We focus on the literature from HICs, but data from LMICs are included for context. Analysis of birth cohorts in high-, middle-, and low-income countries has consistently demonstrated relationships between early-life linear growth and downstream cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes. These findings have been reinforced more recently by trial data. Birth size is associated with CHD, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and with hypertension when small birth size is followed by accelerated postnatal growth. The patterns of postnatal linear growth associated with outcomes in adulthood are complex and context-dependent; both stunting and rapid linear growth in childhood are associated with cardiometabolic disease. We interpret these findings using the capacity-load model, a conceptual framework that describes the interactions between metabolic homeostatic capacity and metabolic load in shaping CHD risk. The strength and consistency of longitudinal associations between linear growth and several long-term deleterious outcomes across multiple settings and time points are striking. Future research should investigate both causal pathways and the potential for using height and growth velocity as markers for identifying children at increased risk of lifelong decrements in educational or cardiometabolic health outcomes who could benefit from early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Gonadal Hormones: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maiara Lima, Jennifer Fabe, Ruth B Grigolon, Gilciane Ceolin, Natalie Palma, Fernando Gerchman, Elisa Brietzke, Fabiano A Gomes","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ketogenic diets (KDs) are a set of medical nutritional therapies in which macronutrient consumption is consistently high in fat, adequate in protein, and low in carbohydrates. They have been shown to be clinically useful in a myriad of medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature aiming to evaluate the effects of a eucaloric, normoproteic, ketogenic diet (KD) on gonadal hormone levels in adults.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Science Direct (via Scopus) databases were searched for relevant articles in November 2021, and the search was updated in December 2023.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The present systematic review was conducted according to the 6th version of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and is reported according to PRISMA. This review only included studies with humans, such as randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Levels of gonadal hormones were considered the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 7 articles were included in the review: 3 studies were conducted with female participants only, and 4 with active or athletic males. The duration of the intervention was a minimum of 4 weeks and a maximum of 24 weeks. Most studies found oscillation of gonadal hormones, (such as total testosterone, luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], estradiol, progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) as an effect of the dietary intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A eucaloric isonitrogenous KD may offer (i) beneficial weight loss, (ii) a change in anabolic hormone levels (total testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] in physically active men, depending on the intensity of exercise, the amount of fat-free mass when starting the diet, and the caloric volume of the diet), and a beneficial effect on gonadal hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (by decreasing testosterone levels, improving the LH/FSH ratio, improving insulin sensitivity, and improving menstrual cycle regularity. Factors such as the study population, the presence of comorbidities, and the physical activity level of the participants may influence these effects.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42021256766.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Outcomes and Interventions in Older People in Africa: A Systematic Umbrella and Scoping Review.","authors":"Anthony Muchai Manyara, Tadios Manyanga, Shane Naidoo, Kate Mattick, Rudo Chingono, Grace M E Pearson, Opeyemi Babatunde, Niri Naidoo, Kate A Ward, Celia L Gregson","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Africa's older population is rapidly increasing, necessitating the development of healthy aging interventions. Nutrition is a key component of healthy aging. Evidence synthesis on nutrition outcomes of older adults in Africa is emerging but a synthesis on interventions is lacking. The aim was to synthesize evidence from reviews on older people in Africa to determine the prevalence of nutrition outcomes and associated factors (phase 1) and implemented interventions (phase 2). Literature searches using Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online were conducted up to May 9, 2024. After screening, 25 reviews (for phase 1) and 22 articles (for phase 2) were selected for inclusion. Most reviews (n = 16; 64%) were systematic, with 8 having a meta-analysis, and published between 2020 and 2023 (n = 20; 80%). The pooled prevalence of malnutrition (being underweight) was 21% (evidence from 5 reviews), 26% for sarcopenia (1 review), 27% for obesity (3 reviews), 32% for constipation (1 review), 39% for food insecurity (2 reviews), 49% for dental caries (1 review), and 64% for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency (2 reviews). The 22 articles on nutritional interventions represented only 6 countries, mostly South Africa (64%; 14/22), evaluated using randomized trials (n = 10; 45%) and educational interventions (n = 10; 45%). Reported interventions were not typically underpinned by supporting systematic reviews or a contextual evidence base, did not account for the minimally important clinical difference, lacked evidence of community engagement, and were not reported transparently. Nutritional research is needed on older adults outside of South Africa and beyond malnutrition. Future nutritional interventions (ideally, multicomponent) for older people in Africa should consider targeting the multiple nutritional and practical needs (eg, dietary counseling, supplementation) of older adults. Intervention development should be evidence-based, include engagement with older people, and follow complete and transparent reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspartame and Its Potential Neurocognitive Effects in Humans.","authors":"Maiah N Fogel, Alena Khalil, Sheikh F Khaled, Elizette M Rodriguez, Keaton M Payne, Jesse R Blount, Madison Petschke, Roshan Ara Nizamuddin, Faige Jeidel, Vivienne Riven, Stephanie Petrosky","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety of aspartame, a widely consumed low-calorie artificial sweetener, for human consumption has recently been heavily debated. Published research has demonstrated that aspartame's breakdown products-aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol-are associated with potential neurotoxicity and possible carcinogenic and metabolic effects in animal models. For this scoping review, existing literature on neurocognitive effects of aspartame was gathered and analyzed. A search of 3 literature databases (Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science) yielded 170 peer-reviewed, full-text articles. After consideration of exclusion criteria, 29 articles were selected for inclusion. After reviewing the findings, indications of aspartame's potential neurotoxic effects were demonstrated: multiple experimental studies revealed histopathological changes, such as elevated oxidative stress markers and neuronal loss, in various brain regions of animal models after exposure to aspartame. Additional studies showed memory and learning impairments in animal models, as well as behavioral dysfunction and mood disorders indicative of depression and anxiety in both animal and human models, illustrated by processes such as the downregulation of gamma aminobutyric acid signaling and upregulation of glutamate signaling in the amygdala. Notably, many of these studies investigated aspartame's impact not only at or above the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved level, but below it as well. Two studies also indicated that populations with preexisting neurocognitive deficits, such as individuals with parkinsonism or preexisting metabolic conditions such as diabetes may have an increased vulnerability to neurocognitive harm when consuming aspartame. Interestingly, several agents were found to ameliorate aspartame's neurocognitive impacts, such as Pimpinella anisum oil and vitamin E. These negative neurocognitive effects and their potential mitigators demonstrate the necessity for further research into aspartame's possible impacts on health and safety at current FDA-approved levels, with additional consideration of certain populations at higher risk for neurocognitive injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}