Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Does Medication Status Impact the Effectiveness of Nuts in Altering Blood Pressure and Lipids? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hoi Y Wong, Alison M Coates, Sharayah Carter, Alison M Hill","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Nut consumption is attributed to improvements in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including high blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia. However, it is unclear whether these effects are altered with concurrent treatment with BP and lipid-lowering medication.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to investigate the effects of the consumption of whole tree nuts and peanuts (collectively termed nuts) on BP and lipids, and whether BP and lipid-lowering medication use alters these effects.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched through June 21, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of nut consumption on BP and/or lipids.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Random effects meta-analyses (mean difference, 95% confidence interval [CI]) were conducted, with subgroup analyses based on reported participant use of BP or lipid-lowering medication, including medicated, unmedicated, unreported (ie, use not specified), and mixed (ie, included combined data from medicated and unmedicated participants). A total of 115 studies were included in the review, of which 109 were meta-analysed.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Nut consumption significantly reduced triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, with no effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure. Few studies were conducted in medicated participants only (n = 1 for lipid outcomes only), and for the studies including both medicated and unmedicated participants (ie, mixed), outcomes by medication use were not reported. Significant differences in TG and apolipoprotein B were observed between medication use groups, with nut consumption resulting in the largest reductions in unmedicated participants. Strong heterogeneity was observed with no evidence of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lipid-lowering, but not BP-lowering benefits of nut consumption were observed; however, few studies reported the effect based on participants' medication status. Future studies are required to determine if there are additional benefits of including nuts in the diet of medicated patients with cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration code CRD42022296849.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do Australians Eat? A Systematic Review of Dietary Patterns and Adverse Health Outcomes.","authors":"Zegeye Abebe, Kacie Dickinson, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Amy Reynolds, Sarah Appleton, Leila Mohammadi, Danny J Eckert, Robert Adams, Katherine M Livingstone, Yohannes Adama Melaku","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>A suboptimal diet is a leading factor in the current burden of chronic diseases. In Australia, dietary factors contribute to one-fifth of the chronic disease burden. Understanding the dietary patterns of Australian adults and summarizing their effects on chronic conditions are imperative for improving interventions targeting dietary behaviors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to summarize the dietary patterns of Australian adults derived using a posteriori and hybrid analysis methods and their associations with adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Six databases were first searched in December 2020 and updated in August 2023.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Cardiometabolic health, cardiovascular mortality, cancer, pregnancy-related metabolic conditions (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy [HDP]), mental health, and cognitive function were the main health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Dietary patterns from each study were classified as either healthy or unhealthy. A narrative synthesis was used to describe the association of dietary patterns with adverse health outcomes in longitudinal studies. Fifty-nine observational studies (31 cross-sectional, 3 case-control, 22 longitudinal, and 3 combining both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs) were included, involving a total of 362 263 participants aged 18 years and older.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (characterized by higher consumption of dark-yellow, green leafy, cruciferous vegetables and fruits, nuts, whole grains, tomatoes, fish, and low-fat dairy) is associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors, reduced risk of GDM and HDP, better mental health, and improved pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, an unhealthy dietary pattern (characterized by a higher intake of processed and red meat, takeaway foods, white bread, high-fat dairy, potatoes, discretionary fat, sweet snacks, soft drinks, fat spreads, jam, and Vegemite) is linked to increased cardiometabolic risks. Overall, while healthy dietary patterns are associated with a reduced risk of several physical and mental health outcomes, unhealthy dietary patterns are linked to an increased risk in Australian adults.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023452960.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension in Relation to Circulating Magnesium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Shahnaz Amani Tirani, Parisa Rouhani, Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>There was no consistency regarding the findings of preceding studies on the association between magnesium levels and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was to investigate the relationship between circulating magnesium concentration and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>To obtain epidemiological studies that investigated the association between circulating magnesium and hypertension, Web of Science (ISI), MEDLINE (PubMed), and Scopus databases as well as Google Scholar were searched up to February 2024, with no time or language restriction.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Observational studies examined the relationship between hypertension and circulating magnesium levels were included and related data were extracted.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>In total, 3 cohort studies (with 15 730 subjects) and 19 cross-sectional studies (with 42 702 subjects) were included. The combination of 25 effect sizes from 22 studies showed an inverse relationship between circulating magnesium concentration and hypertension (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.56-0.76) by comparing highest versus lowest levels of circulating magnesium concentration. We note, however, that there was a significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 81.1%; P < .001). A linear dose-response analysis of 21 eligible studies revealed that each 0.5 mg/dL increase in circulating magnesium concentration was linked to 7% decreased odds of hypertension (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). A nonlinear U-shaped association was also found between circulating magnesium concentration and hypertension (Pnonlinearity = .01): Circulating magnesium levels of between 1.6 and 3.5 mg/dL were associated with a significantly decreased risk of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Circulating magnesium concentration was inversely associated with odds of hypertension in a dose-response manner. Considering the high observed level of heterogeneity, it is necessary to conduct further population-based prospective studies to confirm this finding.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. 42024519446.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Peer-Led Interventions in Improving the Dietary Behavior of Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Daniale T Ekubagewargies, Faruk Ahmed, Patricia Lee","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Adequate nutrition is crucial during adolescence due to significant physical, mental, and emotional changes, yet in many adolescents poor dietary behaviors lead to inadequate nutrient intake and increased health risks. Peer-led interventions have shown promise in improving these behaviors. Thus, synthesizing evidence from primary studies is crucial to enhance their effectiveness and policy implications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this review we synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of peer-led interventions in improving the dietary behavior of adolescents in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched thePubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases for studies on peer-led interventions among adolescents aged 10-19 years. No specific publication timeframe was set for the search. Studies lacking quantitative outcome measures were excluded.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Of the 3177 records initially identified, 8 studies were included. Study quality was assessed by use of Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tools. Data extraction involved capturing study characteristics, intervention components, outcomes, and key findings.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The studies were conducted in the regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, with intervention durations ranging from 3 weeks to 3 years. Interventions included peer leaders facilitating group discussions, making posters, and providing practical demonstrations. Most studies reported improvements in dietary intake such as increases in fruit and vegetable consumption and reductions in unhealthy snack intake following the intervention. Knowledge and attitudes toward healthy dietary behavior also improved. None of the studies included explicit detail involving adolescents in the initial design of interventions. Multicomponent interventions and longer durations were more successful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peer-led interventions effectively improved the dietary behaviors of adolescents in LMICs. The findings of this review underscore the importance of multicomponent strategies and longer intervention durations. Involving adolescents in program design is recommended to enhance the relevance and impact of interventions. Researchers should identify the most effective intervention components and delivery methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Alcohol Use and Negative Consequences: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Diana Cardona, Francisca Carvajal, Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera, Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil, Lola Rueda-Ruzafa","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, impacting brain regions associated with addiction and cognitive function. Long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed to have neuroprotective effects against alcohol, reversing synaptic deficits caused by alcohol and alleviating anxiety in animal models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an n-3 intervention in ameliorating behavioral changes, biochemical alterations, and the inflammatory responses induced by alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic review was performed using PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>A total of 3829 records were identified. The records were subject to screening against the eligibility criteria, and the data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were carried out by 2 investigators independently.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Twelve articles addressed n-3 PUFA interventions, and its effects on alcohol-related outcomes were finally included. Preclinical studies demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs improved behavioral, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and hepatic parameters altered by alcohol. However, clinical trials yielded inconclusive evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the paucity of clinical and preclinical studies, available evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs may exert a protective influence on alcohol-related outcomes at both the behavioral and molecular levels.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023443095.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processed Meat Intake and Changes in Weight, Waist, Body Mass Index, and Fat Mass: Systematic Literature Review, Meta-Analysis, and GRADE Assessment of Cohort Studies of Adults.","authors":"Mina N Händel, Jeanett F Rohde, Sofus C Larsen, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Berit L Heitmann","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Previous reviews have indicated that abstaining from processed meat may play a part in weight management; however, the certainty of these results has not been assessed systematically.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to estimate the association between processed meat intake (including studies specifically mentioning \"processed meat\" and/or listing processed meat items and subsequent change in weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass among adults by summarizing evidence of cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed in Embase and Medline via Ovid (including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from inception to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. The certainty in the estimates was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool.</p><p><strong>Data analyses: </strong>The search resulted in a total of 2974 potential articles, of which 11 cohort studies (6 unique studies) were eligible for inclusion. Three studies (n = 381 291) were included in the random-effects model of measured body weight, resulting in a summary increase of 0.26 kg/y per 1 daily serving of processed meat (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.48; τ2: 0.03; I2: 92.95%). Four studies (n = 51 310) were included in the random-effects model of measured waist circumference, resulting in a summary increase of 0.14 cm/y per 1 daily serving of processed meat (95% CI, 0.02-0.26; τ2: 0.01; I2: 81.12%). The certainties of these estimates were low, due to serious risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analyses suggested a very weak association between increased processed meat intake and subsequent increase in measured weight, larger measured waist circumference, increase in self-reported BMI, and an increase in fat mass. However, due to methodological limitations the certainty of these results was low, and cautious interpretation of the results is warranted.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022335022.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Balancing Tradition and Nutrition: Jamu in Menstrual Cycle-Based Dietary Guidance.","authors":"Jessica A L Tucker, Seth F McCarthy, Derek P D Bornath, Jenna S Khoja, Tom J Hazell","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals as Adjuvants in Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Mahesh Kaushik, Ashu Bhan Tiku","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to the developments in various therapeutic modalities, cancer treatment has come a long way, including the discovery of various anticancer drugs, innovations in delivery technology, and increased personalization of treatments. Despite this, head and neck cancer (HNC) is a cancer that has eluded the current conventional treatments. To improve quality of life and preserve vital organ function in patients with HNC, there is a need for research into therapeutic regimes that would reduce the toxicity of the current therapeutic modalities. The use of a single approach has not been enough to completely eradicate this malignancy. Therefore, the use of adjuvants and combinatorial approaches, using molecules from natural compounds that have no or minimal side effects, is a growing area of research. One objective of this review was to clarify the potentiality of novel therapeutic strategies for HNC, such as the use of phytochemicals as adjuvants with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and use of nano-formulation for therapeutic delivery. Another objective of this review was to delineate the associated challenges in the clinical application of these therapies in HNC. Possible strategies for overcoming critical issues associated with the clinical application of phytochemicals for HNC are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.","authors":"Faezeh Geravand, Mohsen Montazer, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Leila Azadbakht","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Controversy exists regarding the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to inform dietary recommendations and add to the body of evidence by providing a thorough investigation of the association between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the mortality risk in patients with T2D. The literature on this association was evaluated by a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 29 June 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Prospective cohort studies involving participants with diabetes aged over 18 years reporting risk estimates for the association between total fruit and vegetable intake and all-cause or cause-specific mortality (including cardiovascular disease [CVD], coronary heart disease, and stroke) were included.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A random-effects approach was applied for combining risk estimates, and dose-response relationships were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Overall, 9 studies with 75 082 participants and 7590 deaths were included. Compared with the lowest intake, the highest fruit intake was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.90; n = 6) and CVD (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97; n = 4) mortality. The highest vegetable intake was also related to reduced all-cause (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98; n = 6) and CVD (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99; n = 2) mortality risk. An additional 200 g/day of fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a 26% and 14% lower risk of all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis indicates an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from all causes and CVD in T2D patients.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024571094.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of Iodine Deficiency in the United States During Pregnancy: Potential Implications for Cognitive Development in Children.","authors":"Kamsiyochukwu S Daniel, Kelsey M Mangano","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iodine is an essential trace mineral for thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and neurological development, particularly during pregnancy and early childhood. Although salt iodization in the 1920s significantly reduced iodine deficiency, recent studies suggest a resurgence in the United States, particularly among pregnant women. This review examines the resurgence of iodine deficiency among women in the United States while highlighting factors influencing intake, focusing on maternal iodine status during pregnancy, followed by its implications on cognitive health of children globally. Articles published from 2010 to 2024 were identified using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Search terms included \"iodine deficiency in women\" and \"maternal iodine deficiency and neurodevelopment.\" Studies on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women in the United States, and maternal iodine deficiency impact on offspring neurodevelopment globally, were included. Nine articles were reviewed addressing current iodine status among women in the United States, 4 of which used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES data (2011-2020) indicated declining median UIC (mUIC) among women of reproductive age and mUICs in pregnant women were below the World Health Organization recommendation (<150 µg/L). Prevalence of inadequate iodine status ranged from 23% to 59% in pregnant women. The primary contributing factor to declining iodine status is dietary changes, specifically reduced milk consumption. Eleven additional articles examined maternal UIC and cognition in global populations, highlighting the association between low UIC during pregnancy, particularly in the first and second trimesters, and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes such as reduced IQ scores in offspring outside of the United States. Offspring born to mothers with iodine deficiency are at greater risk of poor cognitive health. Comprehensive nutrition policies are needed to raise awareness of adequate iodine intake during critical developmental periods and to support food-system changes, ensuring sufficient intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}