Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Methodology-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Roya Behrouzi, Hossein Shahinfar, Shima Jazayeri","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The increasing number of older adults suffering from cognitive decline is a global public health challenge. Current evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be related to better cognitive performance. However, the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been contradictory. A previous review on this topic included younger study participants, combined nutrient interventions, and lack of appropriate control group to evaluate the net effect of vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on cognition in individuals ≥60 years old.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Sciences database until September 2023 for eligible studies. In the final analysis, 9 RCTs were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The pooled effect was assessed using random effects model with standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs. The quality of RCTs and certainty assessment of each outcome were evaluated via the Risk of Bias 2 tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, respectively.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The results showed that compared with controls, vitamin D significantly improved global cognition (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.02-1.30; P = .04), language (SMD, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.47; P < .001), working memory (SMD= 1.58; 95% CI, 1.40-1.77; P < .001), and visuospatial function (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48; P < .001) in older adults. While no significant enhancement in the domains of executive function (SMD, 0.10; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.25; P = .16), attention (SMD, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.38; P = .89), and perceptual speed (SMD= 0.09; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.45; P = .6) was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation can be associated with improvement in cognitive function in older adults. Further RCTs in older people are needed to confirm the benefits of vitamin D supplementation on cognition.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. 42023484900.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Microplastic Contamination in Infant Foods: Exposure Pathways and Implications for Nutrition and Health of Children.","authors":"Patience K Gaa, Rebecca K Steele-Dadzie, Laurene Boateng, Freda D Intiful, Samuel Jerry Cobbina, Victor Mogre","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) in the environment pose a significant threat to human health, particularly for vulnerable populations like infants. Over the past decades microplastics have infiltrated food systems, air, water, and consumer products, leading to widespread human exposure. Infant foods, including formula and complementary foods, may be contaminated with MPs during processing or packaging or through environmental pollutants. This scoping review was aimed to explore the extent of MP contamination in infant foods, its potential nutritional and health impacts, and the associated risks to the health of children. Following the search strategy, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO HOST). All records identified through the databases were exported into EndNote X9 reference manager for deduplication and selection in line with the inclusion criteria. In all, 1871 records were identified in which 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All studies were published during 2020-2024. The studies were classified into 2 designs: systematic reviews (n = 16) and primary studies (n = 12). Studies detected MPs in infant formula, breast milk, food-contact materials, feeding bottles, indoor air, and selected human biological matrices, including placenta, meconium, and infant feces. Ingestion and inhalation emerged as the most consistently supported exposure pathways, while prenatal and breastfeeding-related exposures were supported by biomonitoring evidence and dermal exposure remained weakly evidenced. Reported polymer types varied widely, with limited and inconsistent reporting of particle size and nanoplastics across studies. No studies originated from Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting a major geographic gap. This scoping review indicates that infants are exposed to MPs through multiple pathways-most consistently via ingestion and inhalation-yet infant-specific health effects remain poorly defined, underscoring the need for improved particle characterization, broader geographic evidence, and precautionary, nutrition-sensitive approaches to research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yiying Yao, Xiaopeng Yang, Junwei Yan, Hongran Lv, Zihan Yue, Jiayao Yu, Xiuqin Lin, Chao Qian, Huafang Zhang, Zheng Liu, Mengfei Ye","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Mental disorders (MDs) pose a important global health challenge, with a complex pathogenesis complicating treatment development. Nutritional interventions, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have gained attention as potential therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This Mendelian randomization (MR) meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the potential causal relationship between PUFAs and MDs.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Genome-wide association study data were utilized to analyze the association between PUFAs (including omega-3, omega-3 percentage [omega-3%], omega-6, omega-6 percentage [omega-6%], and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio) and 12 major MDs.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two-sample MR technology was used to assess the role of PUFAs in MDs.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted omega-3 was causally linked to MDs, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. Omega-3% exhibited protective effects against emotional personality disorder. Conversely, omega-6 was inversely correlated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk, while a high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was associated with an increased risk of depression and other mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High omega-3 levels and omega-3% may reduce the risk of MDs, whereas a high omega-6:omega-3 ratio may elevate the risk. These findings highlight the potential of PUFAs, particularly omega-3, in MD prevention and treatment, while underscoring the need for further research into the complex interactions between omega-3 and omega-6. The study provides a scientific foundation for future clinical trials and dietary intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO no. CRD42024598472.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Restricted Dietary Intervention as a Metabolic Regulator in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Evidence From Human and Rodent Studies.","authors":"Bavani Visha Doraisamy, Joyce Argaistieng, Siti Saleha Masrudin, Nurul Izzati Uda Zahli, Aida Azlina Ali, Sandra Maniam","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has emerged as a promising dietary strategy for improving metabolic health, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effects of TRF on body weight, glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism in animal and human studies.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted from February 24, 2025, to April 2, 2025, to identify animal and human studies investigating the metabolic effects of TRF.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The search strategy combined keywords related to \"intermittent fasting,\" \"diabetes,\" \"time-restricted feeding,\" \"TRF,\" \"animal model,\" \"insulin sensitivity,\" \"glucose level,\" \"T2DM,\" \"body composition,\" \"human,\" \"glycemic control,\" and \"insulin resistance.\" Studies were included if they reported the effects of TRF on at least 1 of the following end points: body weight, blood glucose level, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, or lipid profile. Reviews, commentaries, and studies lacking relevant outcome data were excluded. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria: 6 animal and 5 human investigations.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Across animal and human studies, TRF had duration-dependent metabolic effects. In animal models, short-term TRF (4-5 weeks) elicited modest improvements in glucose tolerance and body weight, whereas longer interventions (6-12 weeks) consistently enhanced glycemic control, reduced body weight, and favorably modulated lipid profiles. In humans, short-term time-restricted eating (3-4 weeks) produced modest reductions in fasting glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and extended interventions (12-24 weeks) improved insulin sensitivity, lowered HbA1c, and further optimized lipid metabolism and body weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TRF demonstrates therapeutic potential in managing T2DM by improving glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism in animal and human models. Interventions extending beyond 6 weeks and with fasting windows of 14-16 hours yield the most consistent metabolic benefits, highlighting the need for standardized TRF protocols in future research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>Open Science Framework registration doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/6MAQ9.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Healthy Eating Index and Healthy Eating Index in Relation to Risk of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Linjie Zhang, Jing Sui, Hao Wang, Qun Zhao, Yajie Zhou, Hui Xia","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chronic liver disease is a major global health burden, and preventive strategies are crucial, given its insidious progression. Although individual nutrients and foods' associations with chronic liver disease are studied, dietary patterns' holistic effects matter more.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically evaluated the links between 2 healthy dietary indices-the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-and chronic liver disease, namely, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, and liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for relevant observational studies published up to February 2025.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by the authors. A total of 28 articles comprising 50 studies (n = 18 prospective cohort, 25 cross-sectional, and 7 case-control studies) involving 624 914 participants were included.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Results showed the AHEI (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62-0.80) and HEI (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77) were significantly negatively associated with chronic liver disease. Subgroup analysis found the AHEI protected against MASLD, liver cancer, and overall chronic liver disease, notably in Asia and North America. The HEI protected against MASLD, fibrosis, liver cancer, and chronic liver disease, with marked effects in North America. This study's strengths lie in its large sample size, integration of multiple study designs, and rigorous methodological framework, which collectively enhance the generalizability of its results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest the AHEI and HEI are associated with a lower risk of chronic liver disease, providing valuable guidance for clinical practice, such as advocating for these dietary patterns among high-risk populations. However, limitations exist, including potential heterogeneity in dietary assessment methods and unaccounted confounders. Future research should address these issues to further optimize chronic liver disease management strategies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42025065410.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Different Modes of Intermittent Fasting for Decreasing Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.","authors":"Mousa Khalafi, Faeghe Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei, Kosar Omidian, Aref Habibi Maleki, Michael E Symonds, Sara K Rosenkranz, Grant M Tinsley, Hadi Rohani, Hossein Rafiei","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular dietary strategy for the management of obesity and reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). However, the comparative efficacy of different IF modalities remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of IF interventions for reducing VAT and SAT in adults with overweight and obesity.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2025 using key words related to fasting protocols and adipose tissue. Eligible studies were randomized trials of IF, including time-restricted eating (TRE), alternate-day fasting (ADF), or the 5:2 diet compared with controls (CON) or continuous caloric restriction (CR). Outcomes included changes in VAT and/or SAT in individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent reviewers extracted data, with disagreements resolved by consensus.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Twenty-four studies (n = 1930; ages 22-69 years; BMI : 27-40 kg/m2) were included, with 24 contributing to VAT and 8 to SAT analyses. Compared with CON, the 5:2 diet (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.54) and TRE (SMD: -0.44) led to greater reductions in VAT, whereas neither ADF nor CR had significantly larger effects. Compared with CR, TRE demonstrated a small reduction in VAT (SMD: -0.21); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with CON, the 5:2 diet (SMD: -0.45) and TRE (SMD: -0.37) led to larger reductions in SAT, but ADF and CR did not lead to differential effects. No IF modality demonstrated superiority over CR for SAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with CON, specific IF modalities-particularly the 5:2 diet and TRE-produce greater reductions in VAT and SAT. However, advantages over CR are limited, with only TRE approaching greater VAT reduction and no IF modality outperforming CR for SAT. IF may serve as an alternative to CR within a broader lifestyle approach, with adherence likely driving effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD420251145598.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mediterranean Perspective on the 2026-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.","authors":"Amanda Casirati, Vincenza Gianfredi, Daniele Nucci, Massimo Volpe, Michela Zanetti, Graziano Onder, Marco Silano, Laura Rossi, Stefania Maggi, Nicola Veronese, On Behalf Of The Italian Mediterranean Guideline Group","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2026-2030.","authors":"Douglas Taren, Robert Bandsma, Alejandra Cantoral, Chi Chen, Brian Finck, Corrine Hanson, Gang Hu, Nicole Kellow, Kathleen Holton, Hanqi Luo, Joshua Miller, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Muzi Na, Rachel Novotny, Omar Ramos-Lopez, Manuel Ruz, Krista Varady, Saroja Voruganti, Kathleen Woolf","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US Adolescent Dairy Consumption and Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in Diverse Populations: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marcela D Radtke, Gretchen L George, Lisa Jahns, Brittany M Loofbourrow, Rebecca H Crosby, Sheri Zidenberg Cherr, Rachel E Scherr","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Adolescent dairy intake supports physical and mental development accompanying this transitional life stage; however, research exploring the role of dairy on adolescent health outcomes provides inconsistent findings across studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A comprehensive systematic review was performed (April 2024) to identify literature published within the past 25 years that investigated the association between dairy products and health outcomes among adolescents in the United States.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Using the PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, eligible articles for inclusion had a primary exposure of bovine dairy or dairy-based products and 1 or more health outcomes critically important to adolescent development, defined a priori.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Eligible articles (n = 97) examined the association of dairy with body composition (n = 41), bone (n = 31), metabolism (n = 26), skin (n = 4), mental/cognitive health (n = 5), and athletic performance, muscle strength, and recovery (n = 3). Most of the studies were observational (n = 80), included male and female participants (n = 55), and diverse populations (n = 30).</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Among adolescents in the United States (ages 9-18 years) who consumed dairy products including fluid milk, yogurt, and cheese, among others, the associations with body composition, metabolic outcomes, athletic performance, muscle strength, and recovery, and mental or cognitive health were inconclusive, with multiple studies reporting positive, negative, and nonsignificant findings. Overall, there were positive associations reported between dairy intake and bone health, and negative associations with skin health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings presented in this review are the impetus for future research to expand on existing evidence to examine dairy and health outcomes in diverse adolescent populations. Emerging biomarkers associated with health-related components of dairy posit the opportunity to explore understudied health outcomes in adolescents. Additional research should seek to understand the influences of dairy intake to inform interventions aimed at improving the nutritional quality of adolescents' diets.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024540660.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Caregiver Feeding Practices and Food Neophobia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Guided by the Vaughn Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Qidan Deng, Xiaoyu Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Xueting Liu, Yujie Xu, Jingyuan Xiong, Guo Cheng","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuag067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuag067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Food neophobia limits dietary diversity in childhood and may have lasting implications for growth, development, and health. Caregiver feeding practices are considered a potentially modifiable factor for food neophobia in children, yet evidence regarding their associations remains fragmented and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to systematically synthesize and quantify the associations between caregiver feeding practices and food neophobia in children.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for studies published from inception to November 20, 2024. Eligible studies involved children younger than 18 years and were published in English.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>2 reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data on study characteristics, caregiver feeding practice constructs, food neophobia measures, and effect estimates were extracted. Caregiver feeding practices were classified according to the Vaughn conceptual framework. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality assessment tool.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Meta-analyses were conducted using pooled correlation coefficients with fixed- or random-effects models as appropriate. 17 studies, with an overall total of 10 102 children with a mean age of approximately 6 years, were included. The \"pressure to eat\" (r = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.11-0.24) and \"restriction\" (r = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.13) were associated with higher food neophobia, while \"modeling\" was associated with lower food neophobia (r = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.04). Moreover, the association between \"pressure to eat\" and food neophobia was stronger in non-Asian than Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that caregivers and relevant health professionals should prioritize positive role modeling in caregiver feeding practices rather than relying on coercive feeding strategies, especially for non-Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No.[CRD42024602848].</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}