Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Associations of employment characteristics and psychosocial work factors with severe menopausal symptoms among working women: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Miho Iida, Ryota Toki, Atsuko Miyake, Minako Matsumoto, Aya Hirata, Shun Edagawa, Naoko Miyagawa, Sei Harada, Toru Takebayashi","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111118","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of working from home on sedentary behaviour, physical activity and diet in the post-pandemic era: a within-subject measures study in hybrid workers.","authors":"Karesna Mehta, Elizabeth Stamp, Mohsen Sayyah, Nicola J Paine, Stacy A Clemes","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2026-111240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammographic density as a potential mediator in the association between night shift work and breast cancer risk.","authors":"Jennifer A Ritonja, Héctor A Velásquez García, Rachel A Murphy, Kristan J Aronson, Michael A Mcisaac","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2026-111219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Long-term night shift work is hypothesised to cause changes in mammographic density, which could promote the development of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to explore mammographic density as a mediator in the association between night shift work and breast cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based case-control study was conducted in Vancouver, Canada between 2005 and 2010. Self-reported occupational histories were used to assess lifetime exposure to night shift work. Mammographic density measures were determined from digitised screening mammograms through Cumulus software for 1719 women (715 cases, 1004 controls). Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to examine the mediating effect of mammographic density (examined as percent density) in the association between various metrics of night shift work exposure and breast cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with never exposure, ≥20 years of night shift work was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (total effect OR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.06) and we found evidence that percent density is a mediator in this association (natural indirect effect OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35). Estimates for intensity and lifetime cumulative number of night shifts were imprecise but suggested modest elevated risks and possible indirect effects through percent density. Our results were similar when restricting to invasive and hormone-sensitive cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support higher mammographic density as a partial mediator in the association between long-term night shift work (≥20 years) and breast cancer risk. Changes in breast density may be one pathway towards increased cancer risk, although larger-scale studies examining multiple time points are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evening chronotype and disability pensions: 12-year register-based follow-up of middle-aged adults from the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966.","authors":"Tapio Räihä, Ilona Merikanto, Iiro Nerg, Marko Korhonen, Katri Kantojärvi, Leena Ala-Mursula, Eveliina Heikkala","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110995","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evening chronotypes (E) generally have poorer health than morning chronotypes (M), but whether this translates into disability pensions (DPs) is poorly known. We examined whether chronotype at age 46 predicts incident DPs over a 12-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2012, we determined chronotype among the non-retired participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n=5679) using the short Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, further validated by comparing the participants' survey scores at age 46 with their polygenic scores for morningness (PGS_morn) at age 31 (n=5130). We used Cox regression to calculate HRs with 95% CIs of incident DPs until age 57 (years 2012-2023), adjusting for factors related to socioeconomic status, health, sleep and working times at age 46.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 253 men (9.7%) and 381 women (12.4%) were E-types. The PGS_morn correlated with the chronotype (p<0.001). During follow-up, 135 men (5.2%) and 249 women (8.1%) were granted their first DP. For E-types, the corresponding proportions were 8.3% and 12.1%, respectively. Compared with M-types, the unadjusted HRs (95% CIs) for DPs among E-types were 1.72 (1.04 to 2.83) in men and 1.73 (1.22 to 2.46) in women. Adjusting for socioeconomic factors did not attenuate the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher incidence of DPs among E-types in the core productive years of work careers represents a major challenge for sustainable national economies. Further research and action to support health and work ability among E-types are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional associations between occupational exposure profiles in daycares, evaluated from chemical composition of disinfectants and cleaning products, and asthma symptoms.","authors":"Emilie Pacheco Da Silva, Emmanuel Chevallier, Laurent Orsi, Etienne Sevin, Corinne Mandin, Valérie Siroux, Felix Forster, Orianne Dumas, Nicole Le Moual","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110626","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While adverse respiratory health effects of exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) are well-documented in cleaners/healthcare workers, no study has investigated their impact on daycare workers. We evaluated cross-sectional associations between occupational exposures to DCPs, considering them as a mixture of chemical compounds and asthma in CRESPI daycare workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Use of DCPs in daycares was assessed using a smartphone application. We retrieved their chemical compounds, classifying them as irritants, sensitisers, quaternary ammonium compounds and biocides. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify exposure profiles for the weekly used DCPs/compounds. We assessed associations of the identified exposure profiles with the asthma symptom score (0-5) using negative binomial regressions, adjusted for age, smoking status and body mass index and accounted for daycare centre.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses included 311 women (43 years, people who smoke: 11%). The LCA identified three exposure profiles: no weekly use of DCPs (LC1 prevalence: 24%), weekly use of a moderate number of irritants (LC2: 37%), weekly use of a high number of irritants, respiratory sensitisers and biocides (LC3: 39%). Women in LC2 and LC3 had a higher risk for asthma symptoms compared with those in LC1. The association was borderline statistically significant for LC3 (mean score ratio (MSR)=1.56; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.46) and weaker for LC2 (MSR=1.34 95% CI 0.85 to 2.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show positive associations between weekly occupational use of numerous DCPs and those with multiple types of chemical compounds in daycares and asthma symptoms in daycare workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"268-275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic chronic beryllium disease: beyond lung disease.","authors":"Louis Jouanjan, Gernot Zissel, Prerana Agarwal, Daiana Stolz, Björn Christian Frye","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110668","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Systemic involvement in chronic beryllium disease (CBD) has been reported only anecdotally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a case series of six patients with CBD demonstrating systemic involvement across diverse occupational settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had documented occupational beryllium exposure. CBD diagnosis was confirmed by positive histology and lymphocyte proliferation test in all cases. All patients presented with signs of extrapulmonary organ involvement, including hepatic, gastric, neurologic, splenic, ocular, cutaneous, as well as possible cardiac and renal involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This series underscores the importance of including CBD in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis in workers with possible beryllium exposure, even in the presence of extrapulmonary manifestations. Clinicians should maintain awareness of extrapulmonary involvement in patients with CBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"283-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in physical workload and the risk of work disability due to musculoskeletal disorders: a register-based study of 1 703 935 workers in Sweden.","authors":"Daniel Falkstedt, Tomas Hemmingsson, Laura Punnett, Katarina Kjellberg, Alicia Kurowski, Kuan-Yu Pan, Melody Almroth","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111034","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This register-based study examined whether changes over 14 years in occupational physical workload (PWL) affected the risk of registered work disability due to a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1 703 935 workers in Sweden in 2005. PWL exposure was measured using job-exposure matrices linked to registered occupations in 1990 and 2005; change in PWL was defined between categories (low, medium, high) in either direction. The outcome was cumulative incidence of 'work disability' (either long-term sickness of at least 2 years or disability pension) due to MSD from 2006 to 2019. Crude and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated sex-specific HRs with 95% CIs. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health and employment history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 369 individuals (1.96%) became work disability cases during follow-up. Compared with workers with consistently high PWL, any reduction in PWL was associated with a decreased risk of work disability due to MSD (women: HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.63, men: HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66 for change from high to low exposure). Compared with workers with consistently low PWL, any increase was associated with a higher risk of work disability due to MSD (women: HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.86, men: HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.52 for change from low to high).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In both sexes, decreases in PWL exposure were associated with a lower risk of MSD disability and increases in exposure with a higher risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing respirable silica exposure among brick kiln workers in Nepal: a human-centred design and implementation science framework to develop and pilot a personal protective equipment intervention.","authors":"Chelsea Gaviola, Arun K Sharma, Kopila Lama, Avigya Karki, Ram Chandyo, Laxman Shrestha, David Parker, Nathan M Thielman, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Steven M Thygerson, Laura Beres, Laura Nicolaou, William Checkley","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110582","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Brick kiln workers in Nepal face high exposure to respirable silica but are not required to use personal protective equipment (PPE). We sought to understand factors influencing PPE use, design and pilot a PPE training and distribution intervention and assess its feasibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a human-centred design approach guided by the Discover, Design, Build, Test framework and conducted four pre-intervention workshops (36 participants), a 21-day randomised controlled trial (RCT) and three post-intervention workshops (19 participants) at a kiln in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Workers and leadership aged ≥18 years were purposively sampled for workshops and randomly selected for the RCT (20 intervention, 20 control). Intervention participants received PPE training, weekly reminders and free N95 respirators and eyewear. Control participants received counselling and information on where to purchase PPE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-intervention workshops revealed barriers to PPE use, including cost, discomfort and work efficiency concerns. Workers preferred expert-led, hands-on PPE training. We identified high feasibility (mean Feasibility of Intervention Measure, 4.6±0.5 points) among workers; leadership rated feasibility lower due to cost concerns. Observed N95 use was higher in the intervention group (78.9%, 71/90 visits) compared with none in the control group (0%, 0/93 visits; p<0.001). Post-intervention feedback showed workers felt N95s reduced dust exposure and respiratory symptoms without impacting efficiency, but eyewear needed adaptation for sustained use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With worker-centred training, N95 respirators are feasible to reduce silica exposure in this setting. However, broader adoption may depend on improving the affordability and accessibility of PPE through advocacy and policy changes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT06090370.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to pesticides increases the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"France Labrèche, Pamela Prud'homme, Maryse Gagnon, Nicolas Dupré, Sabrina Gravel","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110662","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review the evidence on the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search, conducted in eight bibliographic databases for publications between 1990 and 2025, identified observational studies estimating the risk of ALS after occupational pesticide exposure. Study quality was assessed using the WHO Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment instrument for systematic reviews, with the ROBINS-E (RoB in non-randomised studies of exposure) tool domains of bias. Pooled risk estimates were produced using random-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood, heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics, and meta-regressions and publication bias explored with funnel plots and Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight case-control studies (1734 cases) were retained for meta-analysis from 767 initially screened articles. 'Ever' occupational exposure to pesticides was associated with an increased risk of ALS (n=6 studies, pooled OR (pOR)=1.6; 95% CI 1.1, 2.2; I²=57%), for combined sexes. The risk for exposure to herbicides was slightly greater (pOR=1.7, I²=0.0%) than for exposure to insecticides or fungicides (pORs=1.6, I²=0.0%). Based on three studies, ever exposure to high levels of pesticides was associated with a higher risk (pOR=2.7; 95% CI=1.4, 5.0) than exposure to low levels (pOR=1.9; 95% CI=1.0, 3.7). Self-reported exposure assessment methods and older publication dates (<2015) were statistically significant predictors of the effect size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the small number of studies and some heterogeneity, our results add to the evidence suggesting that occupational exposure to pesticides may increase the risk of ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusting for the diagnostic accuracy of CXR in the dose-response relationship between cumulative silica exposure and silicosis in miners.","authors":"Patrick Howlett, Ashwin Durairaj, Jeffrey Gan, Maia Lesosky, Johanna Feary","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110368","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A recent meta-analysis confirmed that chest X-ray (CXR) has low sensitivity for diagnosing silicosis. We re-estimated previously published dose-response relationships between cumulative respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure and silicosis risk, under the assumptions that sensitivity was either fixed or relative to the population proportion of severe silicosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined unpublished logistic regression models from Scottish coal miners with meta-analysis results to model how CXR sensitivity changed according to cumulative RCS exposure. We assumed specificity was 0.95. Among mining cohorts, we calculated the difference in the cumulative risk of silicosis between the unadjusted and fixed and relative scenarios. Finally, we re-estimated a published dose-response meta-analysis and associated absolute risk reductions (ARR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative risk of silicosis was substantially higher in both the fixed and relative sensitivity scenarios compared with the unadjusted estimate in all mining cohorts. This was most pronounced in the relative scenario and when cumulative RCS exposures were below approximately 6 mg/m³-years. A reduction in cumulative RCS exposure from 4 to 2mg/m³-years corresponded to larger ARRs in the fixed and relative scenarios than the unadjusted scenario; 382 (95% CI 361 to 399) and 529 (95% CI 353 to 592) cases per 1000 miners compared with 313 (95% CI 288 to 333) cases per 1000 miners, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We relied on a single estimate of the proportion of severe disease to link sensitivity and cumulative RCS exposure. Nevertheless, adjusting for the reduced diagnostic accuracy of CXR for silicosis suggests the burden of silicosis is underestimated in published mining cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"287-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}