Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Chlordecone (Kepone) exposure in the French West Indies: the urgent need to address a flawed management approach.","authors":"Dabor Resiere, Jonathan Florentin, Astrid Monfort, Frédéric Lapostolle, Bruno Megarbane, Hatem Kallel, Remi Nevière","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110853","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"241-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in employment inequalities for people with disability, Australia 2003 to 2023.","authors":"Lu Ye, Glenda M Bishop, Zoe Aitken","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110930","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>People with disability are less likely to participate in the labour force and be employed compared with people without disability. However, it is not known whether these inequalities have changed over time. We therefore assessed whether disability-related inequalities in employment have changed over time among adults aged 20-64 years in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 21 years of data (2003-2023) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Trends were investigated to describe changes in inequalities in employment, unemployment and not in the labour force (NILF) between people with and without disability. Analyses were further disaggregated for age group, sex and disability subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2003 to 2023, people with disabilities experienced persistent and substantial inequalities in employment outcomes. Neither absolute nor relative inequalities in employment outcomes changed and relative inequalities for NILF widened over time. People with disability were 30% to 40% less likely to be employed, 1.4 to 2.7 times more likely to be unemployed and 2.0 to 2.8 times more likely to be NILF compared with people without disability. The greatest relative inequalities in employment were experienced by older working-age people with disability, people with intellectual or learning disability, brain injury or stroke and psychological disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This descriptive study adds to previous findings showing employment inequalities by demonstrating that disability-related inequalities in employment have been sustained for two decades in Australia without improvement. As a key social determinant of health, the findings are a critical public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumoconiosis screening and classification using deep learning models.","authors":"Meiqi Liu, Zenas Huang, Michal Borek, Ian Loveless, Kenneth Rosenman, Adam Alessio, Ling Wang","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111040","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-111040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and evaluate different deep learning (DL) models for clinically relevant screening and classification of pneumoconiosis based on chest radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study used B-reader labelled pneumoconiosis lung images from US workers. After pre-processing the images, DL models were trained and evaluated for four classification tasks: (1) parenchymal abnormalities present versus absent, (2) parenchymal and/or pleural abnormalities present versus absent, (3) small parenchymal opacities grade 1 versus grade 0 and (4) progressive massive fibrosis versus simple pneumoconiosis versus no pneumoconiosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2968 lung images were divided as follows: 2294 for training, 287 for validation, 287 for independent in-distribution testing and 100 for out-of-distribution testing from a separate scanner manufacturer dataset. On the in-distribution testing data set, the DL models achieved an accuracy of 0.93 (SD=0.01), 0.92 (SD=0.02) and 0.91 (SD=0.02) for task 1, 2 and 3, respectively. DL had comparable or better performance compared with certified B-readers who had average accuracies of 0.9 (SD=0.11), 0.91 (SD=0.10) and 0.77 (SD=0.21). For task 4, the DL model achieved an accuracy of 0.83 (SD=0.02), which is similar to B-readers' performance (average accuracy of 0.86 (SD=0.12)). Performance was markedly lower on the out-of-distribution test set, with reduced accuracy and AUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On independent, in-distribution test images, DL models performed comparably to certified B-readers for tasks 1-4, supporting their potential to augment pneumoconiosis screening and classification. Reduced performance on challenging out-of-distribution cases warrants further study to improve generalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"276-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep disturbances and sleep duration as predictors of working life expectancy among adults aged 50 years and older in Finland.","authors":"Saana Myllyntausta, Katriina Heikkilä, Jaana Pentti, Holendro Singh Chungkham, Sakari Suominen, Mika Kivimaki, Jussi Vahtera, Paola Zaninotto, Jenni Ervasti, Sari Stenholm","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2025-110766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the associations of sleep disturbances and sleep duration with working life expectancy (WLE; the estimated number of years an individual is expected to be in the workforce) from age 50 to 68.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of individuals ≥50 years were drawn from two cohort studies: the Finnish Public Sector (FPS) study involving public sector employees in 2000-2016 (n=70 339, 80% women) and the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) study in 1998-2013 initially representing the general working age population in Finland (n=6071, 54% women). Participants reported sleep disturbances (none, moderate, severe, only in FPS) and usual sleep duration (short: <7 hours, mid-range: 7-8.5 hours, long: ≥9 hours). WLE from age 50 to 68 was estimated using multistate life table models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reporting no sleep disturbances predicted a WLE of 13.4 years (95% CI 13.4 to 13.5), moderate sleep disturbances a WLE of 13.0 years (95% CI 13.0 to 13.1) and severe sleep disturbances a WLE of 12.8 years (95% CI 12.7 to 12.8) at 50 years of age. Short sleep duration predicted a WLE of 13.2 years (95% CI 13.1 to 13.2), mid-range sleep duration a WLE of 13.2 years (95% CI 13.1 to 13.2) and long sleep duration a WLE of 12.4 years (95% CI 12.3 to 12.6). The findings on sleep duration were more pronounced in HeSSup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe sleep disturbances and long sleep duration were associated with a reduction of approximately 8-9 months in WLE compared with no disturbances or mid-range sleep duration. To promote older adults' participation in working life, supporting sleep of recommended length and good quality may be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: <i>Work participation and disability pension after work-related PTSD: trajectories and impact of occupation</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110412corr1","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110412corr1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"83 4","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental occupational exposure to pesticides at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumours in offspring: a French nationwide case-control study.","authors":"Adèle Paul, Aurélie Danjou, Astrid Coste, Hans Kromhout, Marie Lefevre, Johan Spinosi, Brigitte Dananché, Ann Olsson, Céline Lamouroux, Margot Guth, Rémi Béranger, Olivia Pérol, Helen Boyle, Christel Hersant, Vanessa Loup-Cabaniols, Segolene Veau, Jeanne Perrin, Joachim Schüz, Barbara Charbotel, Béatrice Fervers","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109893","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between parental occupational pesticide exposures at birth and adult testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) by histological subtype and the agreement between two pesticide job-exposure matrices (JEM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TGCT cases (n=454) and matched controls (n=670) aged 18-45 years were recruited from 20 French university hospitals into the TESTIS national case-control study. Paternal and maternal jobs at birth were obtained from interviews of participants and their mothers/relatives and coded into official nomenclatures (International Standard Classification of Occupations, French nomenclature of activity-1999). Two complementary JEMs, ALOHA+ and FRIJEM, assessed occupational exposure to all pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides with ALOHA+ for each parent by linking job titles to JEM-derived probability and intensity estimates (no/low/high). Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ) assessed their agreement. ORs and 95% CIs comparing exposure and levels of exposure with no exposure were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for literature-based covariates statistically associated with TGCT and stratified by histological subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement between ALOHA+and FRIJEM was moderate to substantial (κ 0.52-0.80). A statistically non-significant higher TGCT risk was observed for high paternal occupational pesticide exposure with ALOHA+ (OR 1.95, CI 0.98 to 3.84) and FRIJEM (OR 1.70, CI 0.88 to 3.28). With ALOHA+, statistically significant positive associations were seen for high paternal occupational exposure to herbicides (overall: OR 4.23, CI 1.75 to 10.22; seminomas: OR 4.78, CI 1.79 to 12.77; non-seminomas: OR 3.53, CI 1.21 to 10.3) and fungicides (overall: OR 2.09, CI 1.05 to 4.18; seminomas: OR 2.31, CI 1.02 to 5.23). No statistically significant associations were observed for other levels of paternal exposure or pesticide groups nor for maternal exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only high paternal occupational exposure to pesticides at birth, especially herbicides and fungicides, was positively associated with TGCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden of musculoskeletal pain in Danish senior workers: a working-life expectancy approach.","authors":"Jacob Pedersen, Kristian Schultz Hansen, Melody Almroth, Emil Sundstrup, Lars L Andersen","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110952","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a major occupational health challenge and a leading cause of disability and economic burden worldwide. However, prospective evidence on how pain intensity across multiple body regions affects long-term labour market participation and production losses remains limited. This study quantifies working-life expectancy (WLE) and working years lost (WYL) associated with multisite MSP among senior workers and introduces a novel method to estimate its related economic burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study includes 23 071 Danish employees aged 50-66 years from the SeniorWorkingLife study (2018 and 2022), linked to national labour-market registers through 2024. Self-reported pain intensity (low, moderate, high) in four body regions was examined. WLE and WYL were estimated using the expected labour market affiliation method, and economic costs were calculated from individual wage data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate-to-high pain in two body regions was associated with reduced WLE and higher production losses. Employees with high back and leg pain had mean annual losses of €8167 per person (€58.8 million total), with 38% attributable to sickness absence. Total losses linked to back and leg pain were estimated at €2.0 billion (0.5% of Denmark's GDP).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSP in senior workers, particularly when affecting multiple body regions, imposes a substantial economic burden through reduced WLE and increased sickness absence. Targeted interventions are needed to manage MSP and sustain employment among older workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality among Fukushima nuclear emergency workers, 2012-2021.","authors":"Huan Hu, Kotaro Ozasa, Shinji Yoshinaga, Tetsuya Mizoue, Toshiteru Okubo","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110939","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident involved approximately 20 000 emergency workers. Given the scale and nature of the accident, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term health of the emergency workers. This study presents the first 10 year overview of mortality among these workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the mortality data for 19 358 male emergency workers (mean age in 2012: 45.5 years; SD: 11.3) from 2012 to 2021. Mortality data were monitored through linkage to national vital statistics, including the dates and causes of death. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the general male population in Japan as a reference, standardised by calendar year and attained age (5 year age groups).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 190 700 person-years of follow-up, 708 deaths were identified. The overall SMR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.93). SMRs for all solid cancers and radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia were below 1.0 during 2012-2014, approached 1.0 during 2015-2017 and exceeded 1.0 during 2018-2021, suggesting marginal excess mortality (both P values for trend <0.05). In contrast, the increasing trends were less evident for neoplasms excluding radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia. No elevated SMR for suicide was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall mortality among Fukushima emergency workers was lower than expected based on general population rates, likely reflecting the healthy-worker effect. However, marginal elevations in SMRs for all solid cancers and for radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia emerged during later follow-up, highlighting the importance of continued health monitoring in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative silica dust exposure and lung cancer incidence in hard rock miners: 1.6 million person-years of follow-up in the Mining Master File cohort study.","authors":"Nathan L DeBono, Louis Everest, Colin Berriault, Linh Nguyen, Victoria H Arrandale, Paul A Demers, Tracy L Kirkham","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110906","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2026-110906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inhalation of crystalline silica dust causes lung cancer, although evidence assessing risk at low levels of exposure is needed. We sought to estimate the association between cumulative silica exposure and lung cancer risk in a cohort of miners in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 48 772 hard rock miners enumerated from a medical surveillance programme was followed for lung cancer diagnoses in the Ontario Cancer Registry from 1964 through 2022. Silica dust exposure was estimated using a linear prediction model based on 12 325 personal sampling measurements from Ontario mines. Exposure-response associations were estimated, with adjustments for uranium mining, arsenic dust and screening CXR. Probabilistic bias analysis was used to evaluate differential outcome misclassification due to loss to follow-up using a known bias parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3218 lung cancer cases were diagnosed during a median of 44 years of follow-up. Positive associations between cumulative silica exposure and incident lung cancer rates were observed in all categories of exposure, with 0.5-2.0 mg/m³-years of exposure associated with 1.33 times (95% CI 1.06 to 1.66) the adjusted rate of lung cancer compared with<0.5 mg/m³-years. The positive exposure-response association remained after excluding known silicotics and increased in magnitude when excluding radon-exposed uranium miners. Bias adjustment for outcome misclassification increased the monotonicity and slope of the exposure-response relationship, but attenuated the IRR in the 0.5-2.0 mg/m³-year category to 1.08.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Silica exposure was positively associated with lung cancer risk at low levels of cumulative exposure in a universally exposed population of miners. Findings were robust to suspected sources of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime exposure to shift work and risk of multiple sclerosis: retrospective and prospective cohort studies in UK Biobank.","authors":"Cathy Wyse, Amber Roguski, Rebecca Maguire, Andrew Coogan, Daniel J Smith, Lorna M Lopez","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110454","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complex aetiology involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and is a potential occupational risk factor for MS, with exposure before age 20 thought to be of additional risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate associations between retrospective lifetime shift work exposure and MS diagnosis and between prospective shift work exposure and incident MS over 13 years of follow-up in the UK Biobank cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants that were in work and free of MS at baseline were followed up for 13 years, and lifetime exposure to night, day and mixed shift work was assessed in a subset of participants. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to test associations between shift work and MS diagnosis, controlling for demographic and lifestyle confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lifetime exposure to mixed, day or night shift work was not associated with an increased risk of MS diagnosis. No significant associations were observed for early-life shift work exposure or in prospective analysis of those reporting shift work at baseline. Factors such as female sex, smoking, childhood obesity and reduced sunlight exposure were consistently associated with higher MS risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no evidence for an association between shift work and the risk of MS diagnosis in this cohort, in retrospective analysis of lifetime exposure or in prospective studies of shift work at baseline following 13 years of follow-up. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and latitudinal variations in shift work-related MS risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}