Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Agricultural exposure and risk of ovarian cancer in the AGRIculture and CANcer (AGRICAN) cohort.","authors":"Marine Renier, Juliette Hippert, Weiswald Louis-Bastien, Séverine Tual, Matthieu Meryet-Figuiere, Nicolas Vigneron, Elisabeth Marcotullio, Isabelle Baldi, Pierre Lebailly","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109089","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer is rare with a poor prognosis and few established risk factors. Hormones and reproductive factors significantly impact its development, suggesting a potential link with endocrine disrupters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the AGRICAN cohort, 59 391 female farmers completed data on lifelong agricultural exposures and reproductive life. Cox models with attained age as timescale (HR and 95% CI) were used. The role of hormonal factors as potential confounders was considered along with specific time windows for exposure (childhood, puberty and menopause). Female farmers were the reference group (for the principal analyses).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between enrolment (2005-2007) and the end of follow-up (31 December 2017), 262 incident ovarian cancers were identified. An increased risk was observed for females involved in pigs (HR=2.12 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.52)) including during puberty (HR=1.83 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.94)), fruit-growing (HR=2.17 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.30)) and potato seed treatment (HR=2.81 (95% CI 1.29 to 6.09)). Conversely, females born on farms growing grain cereals (HR=0.64 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.90)) or pig-breeding (HR=0.78 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.12)) presented a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Triazine herbicide exposure was not associated with ovarian cancer. The effect of agricultural exposures remained unchanged in multivariate models considering contraception, parity, puberty age, menopause age and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to assess the association between specific agricultural exposures and ovarian cancer comprehensively. Some of the positive associations observed suggest that some pesticide exposure (especially during puberty) could play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. On the other hand, agricultural exposure during early life could have a protective effect, as observed for lung cancer among farmers. Finally, we did not confirm the previous putative effect of exposure to triazine herbicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of work-related fall injuries resulting in hospitalisation: individual and work risk factors and severity.","authors":"Win Wah, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Karen Walker-Bone","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109079","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Injuries at work are common and costly for individuals and employers. A common mechanism of workplace injury is through falls, but there have been few epidemiological studies of risk factors. This study aimed to identify patient, work and injury factors associated with injuries causing hospitalisation after falling at work in Victoria, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from work-related hospitalised injury admissions, identified by International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision Australian Modification codes and compensation status, from Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2022. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with same-level falls and falls from height.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 42 176 work-related injury admissions: 8669 (20.6%) fall injuries and 33 507 (79.4%) other injuries. Rates of high falls were more common in males than females (0.44 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.46) vs 0.08 (0.08, 0.09) admissions per 1000 employed), while same-level falls were more common in females than males (0.21 (0.20, 0.22) vs 0.18 (0.17, 0.18)). Patients with same-level fall injuries, relative to all other work injuries, were more likely to be older women, and have at least one chronic condition; falls from height were associated with male sex and construction work and more likely to result in intracranial, internal organ injuries and fractures and longer hospital stay than non-fall injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Work-related falls were common and relatively severe. Same-level falls are relatively likely to occur in older women, the fastest-growing workplace demographic, and therefore the incidence is expected to increase. Comorbidities are an important fall risk factor. Employers could consider industry-relevant high and same-level fall prevention strategies for reducing the workplace injury burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Hazard Evaluations of occupational cancer cluster concerns: the USA, January 2001-December 2020.","authors":"Dallas S Shi, Jessica L Rinsky, George R Grimes, Sophia K Chiu","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-108988","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2023-108988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe recent investigations of potential workplace cancer clusters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified Health Hazard Evaluations (HHEs) of cancer concerns during 2001-2020. We described information about industry, requestors, cancer characteristics, investigative procedures, and determinations about the presence of a cluster (ie, presence of excess cases, unusual case distribution or exposure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5754 HHEs, 174 included cancer concerns, comprising 1%-5% of HHEs per year. In 123 HHEs, the cancer cluster concerns involved different cancer primary sites. Investigation procedures varied but included record review (n=63, 36%) and site visits (n=22, 13%). Of 158 HHEs with a cluster determination by investigator(s), 151 (96%) were not considered cancer clusters. In seven HHEs, investigators found evidence of a cluster, but occupational exposure to a carcinogen was not identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proportion of HHEs on workplace cancer cluster concerns remained steady over time; most did not meet the definition of a cluster or uncover an occupational cause. Public health practitioners can use this information to provide updated context when addressing workplace cancer cluster concerns and as motivation to refine investigative approaches. More broadly, this review highlights an opportunity to identify best practices on how to apply community cluster investigation methods to the workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying employee, workplace and population characteristics associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in the workplace: a population-based study.","authors":"Christopher E Overton, Rachel Abbey, Tarrion Baird, Rachel Christie, Owen Daniel, Julie Day, Matthew Gittins, Owen Jones, Robert Paton, Maria Tang, Tom Ward, Jack Wilkinson, Camilla Woodrow-Hill, Timothy Aldridge, Yiqun Chen","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109032","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify risk factors that contribute to outbreaks of COVID-19 in the workplace and quantify their effect on outbreak risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified outbreaks of COVID-19 cases in the workplace and investigated the characteristics of the individuals, the workplaces, the areas they work and the mode of commute to work, through data linkages based on Middle Layer Super Output Areas in England between 20 June 2021 and 20 February 2022. We estimated population-level associations between potential risk factors and workplace outbreaks, adjusting for plausible confounders identified using a directed acyclic graph.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For most industries, increased physical proximity in the workplace was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 outbreaks, while increased vaccination was associated with reduced risk. Employee demographic risk factors varied across industry, but for the majority of industries, a higher proportion of black/African/Caribbean ethnicities and living in deprived areas, was associated with increased outbreak risk. A higher proportion of employees in the 60-64 age group was associated with reduced outbreak risk. There were significant associations between gender, work commute modes and staff contract type with outbreak risk, but these were highly variable across industries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has used novel national data linkages to identify potential risk factors of workplace COVID-19 outbreaks, including possible protective effects of vaccination and increased physical distance at work. The same methodological approach can be applied to wider occupational and environmental health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of lead poisoning from a civilian indoor firing range in the UK","authors":"Aamna Warsi, Mark Richard Pucci, Sally Marie Bradberry, Aleha Khan, Muhammad Elamin Muhammad Osman Elamin","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2023-109218","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Lead exposure from discharged lead dust is a recognised risk at firing ranges. We report a lead poisoning outbreak among staff and their close contacts at a UK civilian indoor 24 m firing range. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of data collected on all patients at risk of lead poisoning identified either by direct referral to the Clinical Toxicology clinicians at the West Midlands Poisons Unit, or via the Trace Elements Supra-Regional Assay Service Laboratory at Sandwell hospital. Results Eighty-seven patients were identified as having possible lead exposure, either at the firing range or via close contacts. Of these, 63 patients aged between 6 months and 78 years attended for blood lead concentration (BLC) testing. The highest BLC at presentation was 11.7 µmol/L (242 µg/dL). Only nine patients reported any symptoms at presentation. Fifteen patients received lead chelation therapy with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (or succimer) 30 mg/kg/day or intravenous sodium calcium edetate (EDTA) 75 mg/kg/day, dependent on stock availability. Discussion This report highlights the need for vigilance of lead poisoning as an occupational hazard in the UK, including at recreational facilities such as indoor firing ranges. It emphasises the importance of regulation of lead exposure in the workplace, particularly given the vague symptoms of lead poisoning, and proposes re-appraisal of UK legislation. This report also highlights potential issues surrounding stock availability of rarely used antidotes for uncommon presentations in the event of an outbreak of poisoning. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139667065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subtle exposures, invisible outcomes, real suffering: sex, gender and occupational health.","authors":"Karen Messing","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2023-109288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational physical demands and menstrual cycle irregularities in flight attendants and teachers.","authors":"Candice Y Johnson, Barbara Grajewski, Christina C Lawson, Leslie A MacDonald, Carissa M Rocheleau, Elizabeth A Whelan","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109099","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Flight attendants perform physically demanding work such as lifting baggage, pushing service carts and spending the workday on their feet. We examined if more frequent exposure to occupational physical demands could explain why previous studies have found that flight attendants have a higher reported prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularities than other workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 694 flight attendants and 120 teachers aged 18-44 years from three US cities. Eligible participants were married, had not had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation, were not using hormonal contraception and were not recently pregnant. Participants reported menstrual cycle characteristics (cramps, pain, irregular cycles, flow, bleed length, cycle length) and occupational physical demands (standing, lifting, pushing/pulling, bending/twisting, overall effort). We used modified Poisson regression to examine associations between occupation (flight attendant, teacher) and menstrual irregularities; among flight attendants, we further examined associations between occupational physical demands and menstrual irregularities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All occupational physical demands were more commonly reported by flight attendants than teachers. Flight attendants reported more frequent menstrual cramps than teachers, and most occupational physical demands were associated with more frequent or painful menstrual cramps. Lifting heavy loads was also associated with irregular cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational physical demands were associated with more frequent and worse menstrual pain among flight attendants. The physical demands experienced by these workers may contribute to the high burden of menstrual irregularities reported by flight attendants compared with other occupational groups, such as teachers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative occupational exposure to gases and fumes is associated with impairment in lung function and disease-related quality of life in a German COPD patient cohort","authors":"Jessica Gerlich, Johan Ohlander, Hans Kromhout, Roel Vermeulen, Sandra Söhler, Katja Radon, Dennis Nowak, Stefan Karrasch, Nina Adaskina, Claus Vogelmeier, Uta Ochmann, Rudolf A Jörres","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-108908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2023-108908","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The impact of occupational exposures on lung function impairments and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was analysed and compared with that of smoking. Methods Data from 1283 men and 759 women (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1–4 or former grade 0, without alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency) of the COPD and Systemic Consequences Comorbidities Network cohort were analysed. Cumulative exposure to gases/fumes, biological dust, mineral dust or the combination vapours/gases/dusts/fumes was assessed using the ALOHA job exposure matrix. The effect of both occupational and smoking exposure on lung function and disease-specific QoL (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) was analysed using linear regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease, stratified by sex. Results In men, exposure to gases/fumes showed the strongest effects among occupational exposures, being significantly associated with all lung function parameters and QoL; the effects were partially stronger than of smoking. Smoking had a larger effect than occupational exposure on lung diffusing capacity (transfer factor for carbon monoxide) but not on air trapping (residual volume/total lung capacity). In women, occupational exposures were not significantly associated with QoL or lung function, while the relationships between lung function parameters and smoking were comparable to men. Conclusions In patients with COPD, cumulative occupational exposure, particularly to gases/fumes, showed effects on airway obstruction, air trapping, gas uptake capacity and disease-related QoL, some of which were larger than those of smoking. These findings suggest that lung air trapping and QoL should be considered as outcomes of occupational exposure to gases and fumes in patients with COPD. Trial registration number [NCT01245933][1]. Data are available upon reasonable request. Approval by all relevant human research ethics committees will be required. [1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTNNCT01245933","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139069162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzene exposure and risk of lung cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Worker cohort: a prospective case-cohort study.","authors":"Ronnie Babigumira, Marit B Veierød, H Dean Hosgood, Sven Ove Samuelsen, Magne Bråtveit, Jorunn Kirkeleit, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan, Debra T Silverman, Melissa C Friesen, Nita Kaupang Shala, Tom K Grimsrud, Jo Steinson Stenehjem","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-109139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2023-109139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of our study was to examine whether occupational exposure to benzene is associated with lung cancer among males in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 25 347 male offshore workers employed during 1965-1998, we conducted a case-cohort study with 399 lung cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2021, and 2035 non-cases sampled randomly by 5-year birth cohorts. Individual work histories were coupled to study-specific job-exposure matrices for benzene and other known lung carcinogens. Weighted Cox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations between benzene exposure and lung cancer, by major histological subtypes, adjusted for age, smoking and occupational exposure to welding fumes, asbestos and crystalline silica. Missing data were imputed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For lung cancer (all subtypes combined), HRs (95% CIs) for the highest quartiles of benzene exposure versus unexposed were 1.15 (0.61 to 2.35) for cumulative exposure, 1.43 (0.76 to 2.69) for duration, and 1.22 (0.68 to 2.18) for average intensity (0.280≤P-trend≤0.741). For 152 adenocarcinoma cases, a positive trend was observed for exposure duration (P-trend=0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort of offshore petroleum workers generally exposed to low average levels of benzene, we did not find an overall clear support for an association with lung cancer (all subtypes combined), although an association was suggested for duration of benzene exposure and adenocarcinoma. The limited evidence might be due to restricted statistical power.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential contribution of vaccination uptake to occupational differences in risk of SARS-CoV-2: analysis of the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey","authors":"Sarah Rhodes, Evangelia Demou, Jack Wilkinson, Mark Cherrie, Rhiannon Edge, Matthew Gittins, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Theocharis Kromydas, William Mueller, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2023-108931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2023-108931","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To assess variation in vaccination uptake across occupational groups as a potential explanation for variation in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design We analysed data from the UK Office of National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey linked to vaccination data from the National Immunisation Management System in England from 1 December 2020 to 11 May 2022. We analysed vaccination uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by occupational group and assessed whether adjustment for vaccination reduced the variation in risk between occupational groups. Results Estimated rates of triple vaccination were high across all occupational groups (80% or above), but were lowest for food processing (80%), personal care (82%), hospitality (83%), manual occupations (84%) and retail (85%). High rates were observed for individuals working in health (95% for office based, 92% for those in patient-facing roles) and education (91%) and office-based workers not included in other categories (90%). The impact of adjusting for vaccination when estimating relative risks of infection was generally modest (ratio of hazard ratios across all occupational groups reduced from 1.37 to 1.32), but was consistent with the hypothesis that low vaccination rates contribute to elevated risk in some groups. Conclusions Variation in vaccination coverage might account for a modest proportion of occupational differences in infection risk. Vaccination rates were uniformly very high in this cohort, which may suggest that the participants are not representative of the general population. Accordingly, these results should be considered tentative pending the accumulation of additional evidence. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publically available. Office of National Statistics (ONS) Coronavirus Infection Survey data can be accessed only by researchers who are ONS accredited researchers. Researchers can apply for accreditation through the Research Accreditation Service. Access is through the Secure Research Service and approved on a project basis. For further details, see: <https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/whatwedo/statistics/requestingstatistics/approvedresearcherscheme>.","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}