npj Clean Water最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning prediction of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on biochar with model evaluation and optimization","authors":"Chong Liu, Paramasivan Balasubramanian, Jingxian An, Fayong Li","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00429-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00429-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In light of escalating nitrogen pollution in aquatic systems, this study presents a comprehensive machine learning (ML) approach to predict ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of biochar and identify optimal conditions. Twelve ML models, including tree-based ensembles, kernel-based methods, and deep learning, were evaluated using Bayesian optimization and cross-validation. Results show tree-based ensemble models excel, with CatBoost performing best (R² = 0.9329, RMSE = 0.5378) and demonstrating strong generalization. Using SHAP and Partial Dependence Plots, we found experimental conditions (67.2%) and biochar’s chemical properties (18.2%) most influenced adsorption capacity. Moreover, under these experimental conditions (C₀ &gt; 50 mg/L and pH 6–9), a higher adsorption capacity could achieved. A Python-based GUI incorporating CatBoost facilitates practical applications in designing efficient biochar adsorption systems. By merging advanced ML techniques and interpretability tools, this study deepens understanding of biochar’s ammonia adsorption and supports sustainable strategies for mitigating nitrogen pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacancies and sea urchin structure protect cobalt manganese spinel from anion poisoning in peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"Hui Jia, Rumeng Liu, Tenglong Huang, Fulin Wang, Shanshan Dong, Huihui Dai, Zhenxing Zeng, Dingding Tang, Xiaodong Wang, Suhua Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00444-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by cobalt manganese spinel (Co-Mn) is always unsatisfactory due to the interference of co-existing anions in water. In this study, we used a sulfate-modification strategy to prepare a sea urchin-like Co-Mn catalyst (CoMn₂O₄-S) with abundant oxygen vacancies for counteracting the interference of anions in pollutant degradation. Compared with the conventional Co-Mn catalyst (CoMn₂O₄), CoMn₂O₄-S exhibited higher resistance to poisoning of NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻ in PMS activation involved phenol degradation. Additionally, H₂PO₄⁻ could even enhance phenol degradation by 150.2% for CoMn₂O₄-S/PMS system, in contrast to its induced 18.5% inhibition to CoMn₂O₄/PMS system. It was demonstrated that vacancies and sea urchin structure alleviated catalyst agglomeration for preserving catalytic sites and promoted catalyst surface modulation for radical diffusion, contributing to the enhanced stability in saline water. This work provides a facile strategy for overcoming the negative effects of co-existing anions on heterogeneous PMS-activation based water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrous super-bridging agents simultaneously improve contaminants removal and sludge dewatering via a very compact three-in-one process","authors":"Manel Mebarki, Gabriella Joge Ngale, Mathieu Lapointe","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00445-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00445-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A compact three-in-one water treatment process, combining a flocculant, a fibrous super-bridging agent, and a screen-based floc retention system, simultaneously improves water treatment and sludge dewatering. The presence of fibrous materials allows for the formation of very large flocs, efficient floc separation via screening (without settling), and sludge dewatering through a compact press-filter system. The implementation of this three-in-one process is possible due to the formation of very large fiber-based flocs. The sludge containing fibers was subsequently dewatered using a screen-based press filter without further chemical addition. The use of fibers also significantly improved the removal of total organic carbon, nanoplastics, and microplastics. This three-in-one process could be used for decentralized water treatment in drinking water and wastewater applications in small cities, marginalized communities, and developing countries. The compact process, which also performs sludge dewatering, would reduce the risks associated with mismanaged sludge to the environment and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IoT integrated and deep learning assisted electrochemical sensor for multiplexed heavy metal sensing in water samples","authors":"Sreerama Amrutha Lahari, Nikhil Kumawat, Khairunnisa Amreen, R. N. Ponnalagu, Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00441-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00441-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heavy metal measurement is vital for ecological risk assessment and regulatory compliance. This study reports a sensor using gold nanoparticle-modified carbon thread electrodes for the simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ in water samples. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed, achieving detection limits of 0.99 µM, 0.62 µM, 1.38 µM, and 0.72 µM, respectively, with a linear span of 1–100 µM. The sensor operated effectively in acidic conditions, with excellent selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. Real water samples from various lakes in Hyderabad, India, were analyzed to validate their practical application. To extract the sensing features a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used to process DPV signals, enhancing heavy metal ion classification with high accuracy. Performance metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score were evaluated. Integration with IoT technology has improved the user experience, advanced heavy metal quantification capabilities, and further enabled remote monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of median LC50 and toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of thiram in Labeo rohita","authors":"Sana Alam, Gulnaz Afzal, Riaz Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Amtul Sami, Rabbiah Manzoor Malik, Raheela Jabeen, Farid Shokry Ataya, Kun Li","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00434-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00434-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thiram is a widely used fungicide in agricultural practices as spraying on crops and grains storage but its potential adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms have raised serious concerns. In this study, firstly LC₅₀ value of thiram has been determined as 0.744 mg/L for the first time in <i>Labeo rohita</i> and then, the fish were exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of thiram (40 μg/L, 80 μg/L and 120 μg/L) to evaluate the effects on tissue growth, oxidative stress, anti-oxidant enzymes and histo-pathological parameters at days-20, 40 and 60 of the experiment. There observed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decrease in the body weight while a significant increase in the relative (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and absolute (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) weights of kidneys, heart and brain was found. Hematological analysis showed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase in leukocytes and neutrophils while lymphocytes and monocytes, RBCs and hemoglobin concentration were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreased. Serum biochemical parameters revealed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase in urea and hepatic enzymes while a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decrease in total proteins, albumin and creatinine were observed at higher doses (80 μg/L and 120 μg/L) of thiram. Oxidative stress parameters; ROS and TBARS were increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) while antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GSH) showed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decrease in the treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, comet assay revealed significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) DNA damage in the isolated cells of kidneys, heart and brain at higher doses (80 μg/L and 120 μg/L) of thiram that was further confirmed by histo-pathological alterations in these tissues. The findings demonstrate that thiram severely pollute the marine eco-system and is quite hazardous for aquatic species by causing severe health effects even at sub-lethal concentrations and thus, render the apparently clean water to be unfit for animal and human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace metals induce microbial risk and antimicrobial resistance in biofilm in drinking water","authors":"Bowei Li, Ling Feng, Rakia Chouari, Sofia Samoili, Stefanos Giannakis","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00436-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00436-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the changes in water quality and microbial risks resulting from trace metal pollutants in stagnant drinking water conditions using a 168-h experimental simulation and a metagenomic approach. The results showed that Fe(III) increased the water turbidity. Stagnation also caused significant biofilm growth, which was increased by trace metal pollutants, resulting in a higher production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Adaptive mechanisms of bacterial communities dominated by <i>Pseudomonadota</i> in response to trace metal pollutant stress were discovered. Pathogenic bacteria, particularly <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, were found in stagnant drinking water, potentially exacerbated by Al(III). The overall exposure risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) increased, whereas Fe(III) enhanced the co-occurrence of ARGs and pathogens, potentially leading to serious hidden microbial risks. This study reveals imperceptible microbial risks posed by trace metal pollutants in stagnant drinking water, providing scientific warning and advice for drinking water safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packed bed optofluidic microreactors with Au decorated TiO2 nanoflowers for visible light photocatalytic water purification","authors":"Yujiao Zhu, Pui Hong Yeung, Tsz Wing Lo, Yao Chai, Yat Lam Wong, Ying Chen, Huaming Yang, Weixing Yu, Anatoly V. Zayats, Fengjia Xie, Xuming Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00431-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00431-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalytic water purification is an environmentally sustainable approach, but limited by low efficiency due to challenges with photocatalysts and mass transfer. Optofluidic microreactors can address these constraints, yet optimizing reactor configurations and photocatalyst designs remains challenging. Here, we present a novel planar packed-bed optofluidic microreactor (PPOM) using titanium dioxide nanoflowers (TNFs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au/TNFs) and conduct a pilot study on efficient visible light-driven water purification. Compared to TNFs in slurry-mode, the Au/TNFs achieve 46-fold enhancement in photodegradation efficiency due to the plasmonic effect, further boosted to 2,700-fold enhancement in the PPOM configuration by improving surface area, light harvesting, and mass transfer. The PPOM also shows a 7-fold efficiency increase compared to planar film-mode microreactors. Theoretical analysis elucidates the influences of plasmonic effect and reactor configuration on the enhanced photocatalytic activity, emphasizing the potential of integrated optofluidic systems and plasmonic-semiconductor heterostructures for sustainable water treatment and energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition from irrigation with untreated wastewater to treated wastewater and associated benefits and risks","authors":"Benjamin J. Heyde, Melanie Braun, Leila Soufi, Kathia Lüneberg, Sara Gallego, Wulf Amelung, Katharina Axtmann, Gabriele Bierbaum, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Elisabeth Grohmann, René Arredondo-Hernández, Ines Mulder, Dipen Pulami, Kornelia Smalla, Christiane Zarfl, Christina Siebe, Jan Siemens","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00438-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investments in “Clean water and sanitation” drive a transition from irrigation with untreated to irrigation with treated wastewater. While this transition reduces many health risks, it may decrease crop yields, and soil carbon storage, cause a release of accumulated pollutants from soils, and increase the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. A holistic view on multiple SDGs is necessary to maximize benefits and minimize risks of wastewater treatment for irrigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring microbial redox with alternating current for efficient mineralization of refractory organic nitrogen compounds in wastewater","authors":"Ye Yuan, Xucui Qian, Lulu Zhang, Wanxin Yin, Tianming Chen, Zhaoxia Li, Cheng Ding, Bo Wang, Bin Liang, Aijie Wang, Yang Liu, Fan Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00439-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional biological wastewater treatment struggles to efficiently remove refractory organic nitrogen compounds (RONCs). This study demonstrates the potential of alternating current (AC)-driven bioelectrodes for deep mineralization of nitrobenzene (NB) by coupling in situ reduction and oxidation reactions. Sine-wave AC bioelectrodes overcome the limitations of direct current (DC) systems, achieving 97.6% NB reduction, 90.9% intermediate mineralization, and 80.8% total nitrogen removal while reducing energy consumption by 22.3%. AC stimulation enhances biofilm formation and bidirectional electrocatalytic activity, leading to higher biomass and electron utilization efficiency. Multi-omics analysis shows enrichment of functional microbial consortia involved in NB reduction, aromatic compound oxidation, ammonia oxidation, nitrate/nitrite reduction, and electron transfer, with upregulated enzyme gene expression. Carbon metabolites from catechol meta-cleavage support nitro-reduction, denitrification, and cell viability without external carbon sources. Nitrification-denitrification is the primary pathway for inorganic nitrogen removal. This AC bioelectrode offers an efficient, low-carbon solution for RONC mineralization in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal electric field steering S-scheme charge transfer in ZnIn2S4/COF boosts H2O2 photosynthesis from water and air for sustainable disinfection","authors":"Linlin Zhuo, Shaofeng Dong, Yik Tung Sham, Jinpeng Zhang, Xiaoying Xu, Kenrick Chun Kiu Ho, Min Pan, Qiaoshan Chen, Guocheng Huang, Jinhong Bi","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00437-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00437-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global need for clean water and sanitation drives the development of eco-friendly and efficient water treatment technologies to combat biological pollution from pathogens. In this study, a novel heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by incorporating ZnIn₂S₄ into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to enable environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) photosynthesis and explore its potential for in situ disinfection. The ZnIn₂S₄/COF photocatalyst achieved remarkable H₂O₂ yields of 1325 µmol∙g⁻¹∙h⁻¹, surpassing pristine COF and ZnIn₂S₄ by factors of 3.12 and 16.2, respectively. The produced H₂O₂ was efficiently activated into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through reaction with Fe(II), enabling rapid sterilization via a photocatalysis-self-Fenton system. Mechanistic insights, supported by physicochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations, highlighted the role of the internal electric field (IEF) in enhancing carrier separation and transfer, thereby boosting photosynthesis efficiency. This work presents a sustainable approach to H₂O₂ photosynthesis and activation for disinfection, offering a promising solution to global water treatment challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}