npj Clean Water最新文献_第2页

Simultaneous desalination, chemicals recovery, and energy production from multiple wastes 同时脱盐、化学物质回收和多种废物的能源生产

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00619-x

Hau-Ming Chang, Suraj Negi, Aishwarya Rani, Tomohiro Tobino, Shu-Yuan Pan

{"title":"Simultaneous desalination, chemicals recovery, and energy production from multiple wastes","authors":"Hau-Ming Chang, Suraj Negi, Aishwarya Rani, Tomohiro Tobino, Shu-Yuan Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00619-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00619-x","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-extracting wastewater reuse and waste-mining metal recovery have garnered significant attention for their contributions to advancing the circular economy. In this study, we design an economically viable zinc-based electrochemical neutralization desalination (ZEND) cell that simultaneously enables desalination of hypersaline industrial streams, energy generation, and hydrogen production from hazardous acidic and alkaline wastewaters without external energy input. When practical parasitic losses are considered, the system achieves an effective energy conversion efficiency of ~59%. This study also employs waste zinc metal as the anode, replacing expensive materials such as platinum and eliminating the need for an external hydrogen supply, which is typically required in conventional electrochemical neutralization cells. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable peak power density of 37.9 mW∙cm−2 and stable operation at a current density of 70 mA∙cm−2 for over 18 h. The system also exhibits rapid desalination kinetics of 0.47 L·g−1·h−1, confirming its capability as a synergistic pretreatment step to reduce osmotic loads. A prospective screening-level cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment yielded a net GWP of approximately −52.0 kg CO2e m−3 of treated seawater for the current single-cycle case. A degradation-aware scenario sensitivity analysis reduced the modeled net credit to −30.1 and −8.5 kg CO2e m−3 under the base and conservative stress tests, respectively, demonstrating sensitivity to zinc use, component lifetime, output retention, and conditional co-product substitution. By integrating multiple functions with recycled materials, the ZEND cell emerges as a promising transitional technology for industrial wastewater reclamation and resource reuse.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Centralized and distributed water importation strategies for Arizona: comparing Sea of Cortez desalination and atmospheric water harvesting 亚利桑那州集中和分散的水进口策略：比较科尔特斯海海水淡化和大气集水

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00620-4

Erin Day, Paul Westerhoff

{"title":"Centralized and distributed water importation strategies for Arizona: comparing Sea of Cortez desalination and atmospheric water harvesting","authors":"Erin Day, Paul Westerhoff","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00620-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00620-4","url":null,"abstract":"Arizona and other inland arid regions face mounting water-supply constraints as climate change, groundwater depletion, population growth, and Colorado River uncertainty reduce the reliability of traditional supplies. This paper compares two contrasting water-augmentation pathways for Arizona that span opposite ends of the infrastructure spectrum: Sea of Cortez desalination with long-distance conveyance, a mature centralized technology, and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), an emerging distributed approach that captures water vapor from air near the point-of-use. Arizona provides a demanding test case because its inland location, distance from the coast, and limited brine-disposal options challenge both strategies. Sea of Cortez desalination is a long-term augmentation option requiring major infrastructure, binational governance, permitting, financing, and decades of implementation. In contrast, AWH is deployable for targeted applications but remains constrained by early readiness levels, high energy demand, limited production capacity, and uncertain life-cycle costs. Under screening assumptions, Sea of Cortez desalination and conveyance require 5.56 kWh/m³ with a lower-bound levelized cost of water of $2.0–$4.4/m³, whereas sorption-based AWH requires 116–1200 kWh/m³ but no conveyance or complex management costs. These contrasting pathways illustrate technology-readiness, economic, environmental, and governance trade-offs while broadening the concept of water importation to include the atmosphere as a natural conveyance pathway for harvesting water vapor near demand.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning-assisted fixed-bed column adsorption of chlorpyrifos using sustainable biomass-derived activated carbon 使用可持续生物质衍生活性炭的机器学习辅助固定床柱吸附毒死蜱

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00618-y

Soujanya Shetty, N. R. Srinivasan, Ramesh Vinayagam, Raja Selvaraj

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted fixed-bed column adsorption of chlorpyrifos using sustainable biomass-derived activated carbon","authors":"Soujanya Shetty, N. R. Srinivasan, Ramesh Vinayagam, Raja Selvaraj","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00618-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00618-y","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorpyrifos pollution in aquatic streams has become a serious environmental concern due to its high toxicity and adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In this study, continuous fixed-bed column adsorption of chlorpyrifos was studied using activated carbon synthesised from Magnolia champaca leaf biomass (MCAC). Experiments were conducted at pH 2 by varying the flow rate (Q), bed height (Z), and influent chlorpyrifos concentration (C0). Breakthrough curve analysis showed that C0 = 25 mg/L, Z = 1 cm, and Q = 6 mL/min yielded optimal adsorption performance, achieving an adsorption capacity (qe) of 105.81 mg/g. Among the conventional models, the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models showed excellent agreement with high R2 > 0.99. Furthermore, several machine learning (ML) models, including SVR, XGB, RF, GB, CB, LGBM, and ANN, were used to predict Ct/C0 behaviour. Among these, the SVR model demonstrated superior predictive capability, with a test R2 value of 0.9968 and low RMSE and MAE values of 0.0182 and 0.0122, respectively. Feature importance analysis and SHAP-based interpretation identified contact time as the most influential parameter governing breakthrough behaviour. Overall, this study demonstrates a robust approach for optimising adsorption-based wastewater treatment using fixed-bed modelling and interpretable ML.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoupling skin from bulk demixing in polymer membranes via droplet-mediated interfacial transport 通过液滴介导的界面运输将聚合物膜中的皮肤从散装脱混中解耦

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00609-z

Aldo Traversa Gonzalez, Mohammed Abdul Azeem, Hilal Ahmad, Faheemuddin Patel, Kion Norrman, Dahiru Umar Lawal, Turki N. Baroud

{"title":"Decoupling skin from bulk demixing in polymer membranes via droplet-mediated interfacial transport","authors":"Aldo Traversa Gonzalez, Mohammed Abdul Azeem, Hilal Ahmad, Faheemuddin Patel, Kion Norrman, Dahiru Umar Lawal, Turki N. Baroud","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00609-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00609-z","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane distillation is hindered by a persistent trade-off between vapor permeability and long-term wetting resistance, rooted in the tight coupling of surface skin consolidation with bulk demixing during conventional phase inversion. This work demonstrates that controlled deposition of low-inertia microdroplets onto the polymer dope surface prior to immersion establishes localized surface-tension gradients that drive Marangoni convection, effectively decoupling skin formation from bulk demixing through a kinetically programmable pathway. In LiCl-doped membranes, this intervention optimizes additive leaching and anti-scaling resilience, with the optimized membrane achieving 17.86 kg m−2 h−1 flux and 99.97% salt rejection. Remarkably, the same intervention applied to a pristine, additive-free system generates a fully interconnected, macrovoid-free architecture delivering 19.93 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.62% salt rejection, a ~ 1410% (1.32 kg m−2 h−1 to 19.93 kg m−2 h−1) flux enhancement over the control. These results establish droplet-mediated interfacial transport as a self-sufficient design principle, shifting fabrication from chemical modification to kinetically controlled decoupling of skin from bulk demixing.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"360 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical evaluation of hypersaline produced water treatment and reuse using innovative membrane-based desalination technologies 创新膜基脱盐技术对高盐采出水处理和回用的关键评价

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00613-3

Punhasa S. Senanayake, E.M.N. Thiloka Edirisooriya, Yanyan Zhang, Huiyao Wang, Pei Xu

{"title":"Critical evaluation of hypersaline produced water treatment and reuse using innovative membrane-based desalination technologies","authors":"Punhasa S. Senanayake, E.M.N. Thiloka Edirisooriya, Yanyan Zhang, Huiyao Wang, Pei Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00613-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00613-3","url":null,"abstract":"Produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations contains complex salts, metals, hydrocarbons, and radionuclides that pose challenges for treatment and reuse. This study evaluated water quality and treatment performance of three pilot-scale multistage membrane treatment trains employing different nanofiltration and reverse osmosis configurations in the Permian Basin. Approximately 470 analytes were measured, of which 105 were detected in feeds, 70 in permeates, and 43 in post-treated desalinated PW. Despite variable feed salinity of 26.1–116 g/L, the systems removed ~99% salts, 56.3-99.4% (average 91.6%) total organic carbon, and 95–>99.9% radionuclides. Membrane rejection was strongest for multivalent ions and transition metals, while monovalent halides and low-molecular-weight neutral oxygenates compounds showed more variable removal. Post-treatment further reduced residual salinity, organics, ammonia, boron, and radiological risk in permeates to meet the current water quality criteria for fit-for-purpose applications. Membrane rejection mechanisms for inorganic and organic constituents in hypersaline PW were investigated and a tiered monitoring framework using surrogate parameters and indicator compounds was developed to support process control, treatment evaluation, and risk assessment. Overall, this study addresses key knowledge gaps in field-scale evaluation of membrane-based PW treatment and provides science-based evidence to support treatment design, monitoring strategies, and fit-for-purpose reuse.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raman-validated image learning enables microplastic prescreening and electronic-waste candidate prioritization 拉曼验证的图像学习可以实现微塑料预筛选和电子废物候选优先级

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00614-2

Huase Ou, Yang Hou, Ming Wen, Yirong Wen, Yuanying Lu, Zecheng Liao

{"title":"Raman-validated image learning enables microplastic prescreening and electronic-waste candidate prioritization","authors":"Huase Ou, Yang Hou, Ming Wen, Yirong Wen, Yuanying Lu, Zecheng Liao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00614-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00614-2","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic (MP) identification in wastewater treatment remains constrained by the need to verify visually selected particles individually by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Here, we developed a Raman-validated microscopic image-learning workflow for a full-scale wastewater treatment plant receiving domestic sewage and electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling wastewater. The dataset contained 1554 images from 1136 particles, including 654 Raman-confirmed MPs and 482 non-MPs. For high-recall MP/non-MP prescreening, EfficientNet-B0 with 384 × 384-pixel inputs and particle-max aggregation retained 94.6 ± 3.6% of true MPs, reduced 31.9 ± 8.3% of non-MPs, and excluded 16.4 ± 4.9% of candidate particles before Raman confirmation. Within Raman-confirmed MPs, texture-focused ResNet18 prioritized e-waste-associated candidates defined by operational source-proxy labels based on polymer identity, morphology, and sample context. The top 20% particle-level candidates contained 73.3 ± 12.4% e-waste-associated candidates, with an enrichment factor of 1.322 ± 0.225. This conservative workflow does not replace Raman spectroscopy, but supports workload reduction and source-proxy candidate prioritization in complex wastewater matrices.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond nutrients: groundwater extraction and petroleum discharge as dominant drivers of water quality in China 超越营养：地下水开采和石油排放是中国水质的主要驱动因素

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00615-1

Mingke Luo, Yuan Niu, Liang Wang, Ziqiang Yang, Jia Wang, Yanru Tao, Liping Zhang, Yong Niu, Xia Jiang

{"title":"Beyond nutrients: groundwater extraction and petroleum discharge as dominant drivers of water quality in China","authors":"Mingke Luo, Yuan Niu, Liang Wang, Ziqiang Yang, Jia Wang, Yanru Tao, Liping Zhang, Yong Niu, Xia Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00615-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00615-1","url":null,"abstract":"Surface water quality in China has improved substantially over the past decade but has plateaued recently under current levels of industrial activity and nutrient (N, P, and chemical oxygen demand) discharge standards. This stagnation signals the need to identify previously underestimated drivers and actionable thresholds for achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.3 (clean water and sanitation). A high-resolution national water quality dataset was analyzed in this study using the random forest method, partial dependence analysis, and a modified coupling coordination degree model. Results revealed that groundwater extraction and petroleum pollution now surpass conventional nutrients in water-scarce regions and industrial clusters. The three dominant factors are per capita water resources, petroleum discharge, and groundwater usage, with thresholds for good water quality at 985 m3 per person per year, 108 tons per year, and 25.5 × 108 m3 per year, respectively; falling below these thresholds reduces water quality by 5–10%. The COVID-19 pandemic period highlighted reduction of petroleum pollutants as a key factor associated with water quality recovery. Based on these findings, a spatially differentiated management paradigm was proposed that prioritizes groundwater restoration in arid northern China, stringent petroleum control in coastal industrial clusters, and integrated water–agriculture measures in northeastern farmlands. This threshold-based, mechanism-explicit framework offers a pathway toward realizing SDGs in China, and provides a transferable methodology for other countries addressing the water–development–pollution nexus.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulating composite fouling detachability in reclaimed water distribution systems under electromagnetic field-assisted hydraulic flushing 电磁场辅助液压冲洗下中水分配系统复合污垢可脱性的调节

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00611-5

Zeyuan Liu, Xunkun Zhang, Zhaoyi Zhang, Chunwei Su, Yupeng Wu, Yang Xiao

{"title":"Regulating composite fouling detachability in reclaimed water distribution systems under electromagnetic field-assisted hydraulic flushing","authors":"Zeyuan Liu, Xunkun Zhang, Zhaoyi Zhang, Chunwei Su, Yupeng Wu, Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00611-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00611-5","url":null,"abstract":"Composite fouling remains a major operational challenge for reclaimed water distribution systems. Conventional hydraulic flushing (HF) often fails over the long term not simply because of the amount of fouling accumulated, but because the deposits develop strong internal cohesion and tight interfacial adhesion that resist shear removal. Here, we present a non-chemical strategy that couples electromagnetic field (MF) with hydraulic flushing (HF) to regulate fouling detachability, defined here as the ease with which deposits are removed by shear, rather than merely attempting to reduce fouling mass. The approach was evaluated in a pilot-scale distribution system operated for 600 h under realistic reclaimed water conditions. The combination of electromagnetic field and hydraulic flushing (MF-HF) treatment substantially reduced total fouling accumulation (64.8–80.8%) and restored system flow rates (70.4–81.3%) relative to the control, outperforming electromagnetic field or hydraulic flushing applied individually. Multiscale analyses revealed that electromagnetic field conditioning altered the physicochemical state of composite fouling, including weakened mineral structures, reduced extracellular polymeric substances, and disruption of organic binding matrices. These changes collectively lowered fouling adhesion and rendered deposits more responsive to shear-induced removal during subsequent flushing, as independently supported by nanoscale adhesion measurements and flushing effluent characterization. The MF-HF strategy converted composite fouling from an adhesion-dominated state to a shear-responsive state, demonstrating that fouling detachability is a regulatable property rather than a passive consequence of fouling accumulation. This change led to markedly improved cleaning efficiency under identical hydraulic conditions and provides mechanistic support for low-energy, chemical-free fouling control in reclaimed water distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operational evidence standards for machine learning in wastewater treatment 废水处理中机器学习的操作证据标准

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00610-6

Siyuan Jiang, Ying Yang, Keqiang Zhang, Yaoru Mao, Xiuwen Cheng

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in bioinspired 3D printed surface architectures for enhanced condensation and fog harvesting 生物灵感3D打印表面结构的最新进展，用于增强冷凝和雾收集

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00607-1

Muhammad Amjad, Meriem Nguir, Xiaolong Ma, Dongsheng Wen

引用次数: 0