npj Clean Water最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on thermodynamic mechanisms of brine evaporation in air-carried evaporating separation cycle coupling with process-heat-supplied","authors":"Jing Yu, Yujiang Xia, Pengfei Wang, Liang Chen, Juan Yang, Changling Wang, Weidong Yan, Baobin Liu, Sumin Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00604-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00604-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future trends of desalination and wastewater treatment accounting for risks of maladaptation","authors":"Marina Andrijevic, Adriano Vinca, Michele Magni, Edward R. Jones, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Michaela Werning, Edward Byers","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00605-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00605-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"167 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of online flow cytometry to controlled physicochemical disturbances in desalinated potable water matrices","authors":"Ruisi Chen, Theo Kee Huisman, Peter Desmond","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00593-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00593-4","url":null,"abstract":"Online flow cytometry (FCM) has emerged as a promising technology for real-time monitoring of microbial water quality in potable and non-potable water distribution systems. However, systematic calibration and validation of online FCM measurements under different disturbances remain limited, particularly with respect to distinguishing true microbial responses from measurement artifacts. In this study, the response of an online FCM platform was evaluated under different potential disturbances in desalinated potable water and reclaimed non-potable water matrices. Online and offline FCM showed strong agreement in intact cell count (ICC) under baseline recirculation with no statistically significant differences observed (p > 0.05), providing a reference state for calibration. Controlled spiking of defined concentration NaCl and Fe₂O₃ resulted in physicochemical responses, but ICC remained within ±7% of baseline values. In contrast, humic acid and citric acid both reduced ICC and shifted fluorescence distributions, although via distinct mechanisms: humic acid primarily interfered with fluorescence detection, whereas citric acid induced cell lysis. This study demonstrates broad online and offline FCM comparability under baseline and typical water quality disturbance conditions. It also identified humic acid interference can bias ICC via fluorescence and background effects, underscoring the need for specific gating and orthogonal validation in complex water matrices.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coagulation-assisted membrane immobilization of Prussian Blue analog nanoparticles for ultra-selective ammonium separation","authors":"Mohit Chaudhary, Agnes Maria Mani, Sanhita Chaudhury, Oded Nir","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00602-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00602-6","url":null,"abstract":"Selective recovery of ammonium from complex aqueous environments is critical for circular nutrient economy and mitigating eutrophication. Highly selective nanoscale sorbents like Prussian Blue analogs offer an alternative to zeolites, but in continuous-flow systems, maximizing active-material loading often compromises structural stability and sorption kinetics. Here, we present a novel coagulation-assisted stabilization strategy to engineer a mixed-matrix membrane featuring a 50 wt% loading of zinc hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles, a record high loading for water filtration membranes. By doping the polyethersulfone casting solution with Fe³⁺, we induced a reduction in nanoparticle surface charge, triggering controlled intramembrane aggregation. These aggregates fill the evolving membrane voids during phase inversion, prevent nanoparticle leaching, and enable exceptional ammonium removal capacity of 2.3 ± 0.3 g·m⁻² in short contact times (10-26 sec). Crucially, high permeate fluxes may improve convective/dispersive access of NH₄⁺ to exchange sites within the ZnHCF membrane structure, overcoming the diffusion limitations of conventional packed beds. Pilot-scale evaluations (0.613 m²) under dynamic, low-concentration conditions successfully validated the system’s robust reusability and practical viability. This coagulation-based stabilization establishes a highly versatile platform for mixed-matrix membrane engineering, readily adaptable to immobilize diverse functional nanoparticles for a broad spectrum of separation applications, thus bridging the gap between ultra-selective nanomaterials and scalable membrane engineering.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertically extended cylindrical wood scrolls with guided water transport for salt-resistant all-day vapor generation","authors":"Tawseef Ahmad Wani, Jeongeun Lee, Daewoong Kim, Sangmin Jeon","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00601-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00601-7","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional solar vapor generators offer significant potential for enhancing evaporation efficiency, yet maintaining continuous and efficient water transport in vertically extended structures remains a critical limitation. To address this challenge, we develop a cylindrical evaporator by rolling thin wood veneer sheets into a scroll structure. This design creates vertically aligned and radially interconnected transport pathways, enabling efficient capillary-driven water supply over extended heights while suppressing localized salt accumulation at the evaporation interface. Further, the elongated geometry increases the exposed surface area and promotes ambient thermal energy-assisted evaporation (dark evaporation). The 40 cm-tall evaporator achieved an impressive evaporation rate of 35.8 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination, with a substantial fraction of the total evaporation originating from dark evaporation, highlighting the capability of the vertically extended 3D structure for enhanced overall evaporation performance. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept integration into a solar-powered desalination and plant cultivation system, highlighting its strong potential for practical use in water-scarce environments.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"365 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu-incorporated micro-mesoporous biochar for enhanced adsorption and persulfate-driven degradation of organic pollutants","authors":"Chohee Yang, Youn-Jun Lee, Seong-Jik Park, Doyeon Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00581-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00581-8","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating adsorption with heterogeneous persulfate activation represents a promising strategy for the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from aqueous systems. Nonetheless, the facile synthesis of bifunctional materials that simultaneously exhibit high adsorption capacity and strong catalytic activity remains challenging. In this study, Cu-incorporated micro/mesoporous biochar was synthesized via CO2-assisted thermochemical treatment of Cu-impregnated wood chips (WC). Characterization confirmed the formation of a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure and the presence of abundant Cu active sites in biochar (CuWCB (CO2)). Performance evaluation demonstrated that CuWCB (CO2) achieved a higher bisphenol A (BPA) adsorption efficiency (90.8%) than its N2-derived counterpart (15.2%). Upon peroxydisulfate addition, the residual BPA was completely degraded, achieving >99% removal. In addition to its water treatment performance, the CO2-assisted thermochemical treatment enhanced syngas production. This study demonstrates an integrated strategy that couples bifunctional material synthesis with thermochemical energy recovery.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation of side-stream partial nitritation–anammox disturbance to mainstream wastewater greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Zhufang Wang, Xiaobo Shen, Bang Du, Wenhan Li, Paul Church, Claudio Avignone-Rossa, Kai Yang, Bing Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00600-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00600-8","url":null,"abstract":"Side-stream partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process is energy efficient for nitrogen removal but highly sensitive to disturbances such as high organic loadings from anaerobic digestion (AD) liquor. How such disturbance affects downstream treatment performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in full-scale plants remains insufficiently understood. Here, a full-scale Anoxic-Aerobic-AD-PN/A wastewater treatment plant was compared during satisfied and disturbed PN/A operation. Under disturbed operation, the mainstream apparent liquid-phase TN removal rate decreased from 472.4 to 298.2 kg-N/d and estimated N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O and CH <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> emissions increased by 69.39 kg-N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O/day and 10.99 kg-CH <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> /day, respectively. Estimated mainstream GHG emissions rose from 61784.2 to 82768.9 CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> -eq.kg/day. A broader comparison including PN/A N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O estimates and biogas-electricity offset also suggested increased climate burden (58997.2 to 77742.1 CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> -eq kg/day). Metagenomic analysis showed marked reductions in the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Ca.</jats:italic> <jats:italic>Brocadia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nitrosomonas</jats:italic> in PN/A, together with a strong depletion of anammox genes, <jats:italic>hdh</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>hzo</jats:italic> . Elevated <jats:italic>Nitrosomonas</jats:italic> -associated cytochrome P460 and higher abundances of <jats:italic>nirK/norBC</jats:italic> (assigned to <jats:italic>Nitrosomonas</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nitrospira</jats:italic> ) in the Anoxic and Aerobic tanks were consistent with increased nitrifier-associated N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O-production potential. These findings indicate that disturbance of side-stream PN/A can propagate to the mainstream and increase estimated mainstream GHG emissions, highlighting the need to balance AD intensification with stable PN/A operation.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltammetric sensing of heavy metals for global water security: a critical materials perspective on field-deployable monitoring platforms","authors":"Aly Reda, Mohamed Nabeel, Emad Raafat, Mohamed R. Khalifa, Tamer Shoeib","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00598-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00598-z","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination necessitates portable, sensitive voltammetric sensors. This review assesses electrode interface engineering using MOFs, COFs, and carbon nanocomposites, connecting structural attributes (porosity, redox sites, conductivity) to sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection. Integration with microfluidics and edge-deployable machine learning enables autonomous monitoring, yet challenges matrix interference, fouling, model transferability, and standards lack persistence. A research roadmap for robust, field-deployable sensors for decentralized water quality surveillance is outlined.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving 99.75% water recovery in industrial groundwater remediation: contaminant removal and feasibility of a multibarrier treatment train targeting near-zero liquid discharge","authors":"Lorenzo Craveri, Erica Bertozzi, Marco Malaguti, Gabriele Copetti, Davide Cerrina, Alessandro Trombetta, Valentina Rosetti, Alberto Tiraferri","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00579-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00579-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates advanced water treatment technologies to remediate industrially contaminated groundwater under a 99.75% water recovery target for near-zero liquid discharge. Laboratory batch tests on real groundwater assessed pre-oxidation–coagulation–flocculation, activated carbon andferric hydroxide adsorption, reverse osmosis, and chemical treatments. The synergy of the selected techniques was investigated for the first time to remove specific amine-containing compounds and sulfolane. Removal rates exceeded 95% for most metals and several organics, whereas aliphaticaldehydes were found to be recalcitrant. The selected techniques were then incorporated into a multi-barrier treatment train, tested with 300 L of real groundwater under the 99.75% water recovery target. Sulfolane concentration decreased by 99.6%, amines concentrations were reduced below detection, naphthalene removal exceeded 99%, and most heavy metals were removed by >95%. Aliphaticaldehydes increased during pre-treatment and required targeted post-membrane chemical treatment to meet regulatory, while vanadium showed variable behavior. The results demonstrate that integrated treatment enables regulatory compliance and minimal liquid discharge, although persistent compounds require specific multi-barrier strategies.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming heterogeneity into a structural advantage: multiscale synergistic mechanisms for converting full-component sludge hydrolysate into biopolymer films","authors":"Ning Yang, Yan Zhang, Shucheng Yang, Yu Hua, Yubing Wang, Rui Liu, Xiaohu Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00590-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00590-7","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneous composition of sludge is often regarded as a barrier to high-value resource recovery. We propose a hydrolysis–self-assembly route that directly combines full-component sludge hydrothermal supernatant (SHS) with methylcellulose (MC) to fabricate mechanically reinforced composite films, converting compositional complexity into a multiscale structural advantage. The optimized SHS/MC film achieved a tensile strength of 20.21 MPa and an elongation at break of 151.13%. Multiscale characterization and simulation revealed that sludge proteins and polysaccharides formed hydrogen-bonding networks to balance rigidity and flexibility, while small-molecule-regulated phase separation generated uniformly dispersed nanodomains with spacings of 32.25–40.57 nm for stress dispersion. Inorganic mineral particles further strengthened organic–inorganic interfaces and promoted stress transfer. These molecular, nano-/microstructural, and interfacial mechanisms collectively enabled simultaneous strengthening and toughening, improving the strength–ductility balance of the film. Life cycle assessment (LCA) further demonstrated the environmental benefits of this pathway. This study establishes a mechanistic framework for designing SHS/MC composite biopolymer films and provides a promising strategy for sludge valorization into high-value materials.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}