npj Clean Water最新文献

{"title":"Technology status to treat PFAS-contaminated water and limiting factors for their effective full-scale application","authors":"C. S. Tshangana, S. T. Nhlengethwa, S. Glass, S. Denison, A. T. Kuvarega, T. T. I. Nkambule, B. B. Mamba, Pedro J. J. Alvarez, A. A. Muleja","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00457-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00457-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals that are highly resistant to degradation because of the strong C-F bond and their unique physico-chemical properties. Several techniques, both destructive and non-destructive, have been explored for removing PFAS from contaminated water. However, the most desirable techniques, ideally capable of effective separation and complete PFAS destruction and mineralization, have not progressed beyond bench-scale testing. This paper provides an overview of the existing treatment techniques demonstrated at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales, and their associated treatment mechanisms. Insufficient data on pilot-scale and full-scale applications for PFAS remediation has limited the optimization and advancement of these systems at a large scale. Most research related to PFAS-remediation is based on laboratory-scale studies under ideal conditions that do not represent the complexity of PFAS-contaminated media. Factors such as inhibition by competing background compounds and secondary water or air pollution limit the application of some PFAS removal techniques at full-scale. Additionally, high energy intensity, cost, and inappropriate reactor design restrict the scalability of some proposed innovations. Here, we propose integrated systems and treatment trains as potential approaches to effectively remove and destroy PFAS from contaminated waters. This review also offers and contextualizes implementation barriers and scalable approaches for PFAS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous adsorption of organic phosphonate and orthophosphate from municipal sewage on nanoparticle Fe3O4 with molecular simulation","authors":"Yubo Liu, Min Yao, Zhihao Jin, Yun Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00453-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00453-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic and inorganic phosphonates often co-exist in municipal sewage, and it is a challenge to remove them simultaneously. Nanoparticle Fe₃O₄ (Fe₃O₄ NPs) has attracted significant attention due to its high adsorption activity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and magnetic separation. Herein, the adsorption performance and mechanism of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻) onto Fe₃O₄ NPs were systematically investigated. When the dosages were 0.4 g/L, the removal efficiencies of HEDP and PO₄³⁻ reached 96.3% and 95.1%, respectively. pH had no significant impact on the adsorption, whereas the presence of HCO₃⁻/CO₃²⁻ markedly suppressed the removal of HEDP and PO₄³⁻. The adsorption of HEDP and PO₄³⁻ onto Fe₃O₄ NPs conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models in single and binary P systems. HEDP consistently inhibited the removal of PO₄³⁻ in the binary P system. The adsorption mechanisms were primarily driven by the combined effect of electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and coordination complexation. DFT molecular simulation showed higher adsorption energy between HEDP and Fe₃O₄ NPs, and the simulation outcomes were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Although the adsorption of HEDP and PO₄³⁻ was competitive, total phosphorus in the effluent of municipal sewage could still meet the discharge standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced remediation of actual dye wastewater by hydrogenated bimetallic MOF derivative with active peracetic acid","authors":"Shengmei Tan, Liuwei Zhang, Zhiliang Cheng, Yuxin Peng, Jinshan Tang, Hongrui Zhu, Facheng Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00465-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00465-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a hydrogenated FeCo-MOF derivative catalyst (HC-FeCo@C₃₅₀) to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for efficient degradation dye wastewater. Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model pollutant, the HC-FeCo@C₃₅₀/PAA achieved a 99.33% removal efficiency within 20 min, with a rate constant 18 times higher than the non-hydrogenated system. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the toxicity evaluation software (T.E.S.T.) confirmed reduced intermediate toxicity. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation show that HC-FeCo@C₃₅₀ can effectively activate PAA to produce ¹O₂, CH₃C(O)O•, and CH₃C(O)OO•. The magnetically recoverable catalyst maintained over 80% efficiency after 4 cycles. In actual dye wastewater treatment, the <i>RE</i> of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) could reach approximately 53.57%, 53.23%, 29.25%, 19.2%, respectively, with reduced toxicity validated by mungbean germination experiment. This technology offers a promising approach for refractory dye wastewater treatment and reuse.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled and coordinated development of water-energy-food-ecology-land system in the Yangtze River Delta, China","authors":"Qing Qin, Weijun He, Liang Yuan, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Thomas Stephen Ramsey","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00472-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00472-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, a pivotal economic hub in China, relies on water, energy, food, ecology, land, for its prosperity development. Therefore, evaluating their coupling and coordination aids the YRD’s sustainable development. This study integrated ecology and land into the water-energy-food system to form a water-energy-food-ecology-land system (WEFEFS), and the entropy weight model, comprehensive evaluation index model and coupling coordination degree models were used to assess the WEFELS in the YRD (2005-2022), and identified key influencing factors through an obstacle model. The results demonstrate that the comprehensive evaluation index of WEFELS in the YRD rose slowly, with the food system contributing the most (22.15%) and the water system contributed the least (18.25%). The degree of coupling coordination (DCC) of WEFELS in the YRD improved from 0.561 to 0.653, exhibiting spatiotemporal heterogeneity, with Anhui Province leading spatially. The main obstacle factors were Per land GDP and Energy self-sufficiency rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"46 34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective oil-in-water emulsion separation by self-cleaning superoleophobic hydrogel membrane composite with hierarchical structure","authors":"Hyun Woong Kwon, Ralph Rolly Gonzales, Pengfei Zhang, Bowen Li, Kwang Seop Im, Jun Ho Park, Tae Kyung Lee, Hideto Matsuyama, Sang Yong Nam","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00468-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00468-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hollow fiber membranes were fabricated using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) via the thermally induced phase separation method for oil-water separation. By introducing glycerol triacetate (GTA) or propylene carbonate as an extruded solvent, membrane porosity and pore size were controlled, significantly enhancing water permeance. The highest porosity and permeance were achieved with GTA as the co-extruded solvent. To further improve separation performance, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating was applied, forming a superhydrophilic and superoleophobic membrane composite. The coated membranes exhibited complete water absorption (0° contact angle) while repelling oil, preventing droplet adhesion. Antifouling performance was significantly improved, with flux recovery ratios exceeding 90% compared to 2–26% for uncoated membranes. The best-performing membrane achieved a high oil-in-water emulsion permeance of 3551 LMH/bar and 99.2% soybean oil removal efficiency. These findings demonstrate the potential of superhydrophilic and superoleophobic membranes with controlled porosity for efficient oil-water separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compounded fuzzy entropy-based derivation of uncertain critical factors causing corrosion in buried concrete sewer pipeline","authors":"Tasaduq Ismail Wani, Srinivas Rallapalli, Anupam Singhal, Dilan Robert, Jayantha Kodikara, Biplob Kumar Pramanik, Shashi Bhushan Arya","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00467-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00467-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corrosion in buried concrete sewer pipelines remains a critical challenge for infrastructure sustainability, driven by the complex interplay of environmental, material, operational, pipe-related, and physical factors with inherent uncertainty and interdependency, aspects often overlooked previously. This study introduces a novel compounded fuzzy entropy-based approach to systematically prioritize critical corrosion-inducing factors, integrating environmental (H₂S, pH, humidity, temperature, O₂), material (cement content, alkalinity, w/c ratio, porosity, permeability), pipe-related (age, length, diameter, depth, slope), operational (flow velocity, water pressure, hydraulic energy loss, sewage residence time, sewer type), and physical (soil type, corrosivity, moisture, groundwater level, external load) factors. Results identify H₂S (0.2073), pH (0.2055), humidity (0.2031), pipe age (0.2039), length (0.2019), cement content (0.2026), alkalinity (0.2015), water pressure (0.2073), flow velocity (0.2043), soil type (0.2042), and soil corrosivity (0.2025) as the most influential contributors, enabling targeted corrosion mitigation strategies and enhancing infrastructure resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of microstructure properties of Ni-Fe MOFs and their influence on selective recognition of single and binary dye systems","authors":"Dan Xu, Xiaolin Cao, Jie Zhou, Zhihao Lin, Jing Wang, Jiatong Han, Ge Chen, Guangyang Liu, Xiaomin Xu, Yanguo Zhang, Donghui Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00470-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00470-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the environmental threats posed by dye pollution, it is crucial to develop adsorbents with high selectivity and adsorption capacity for the removal of chemical dye pollutants. In this study, five types of Ni/Fe-MOFs were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal method by varying the Ni/Fe molar ratio. Their physicochemical structures, surface morphologies, and compositions were characterized through a series of techniques, and their adsorption performances for different dyes were preliminarily investigated. The results demonstrated that the Ni/Fe ratio significantly affects the microstructure and adsorption performance of the MOFs. As the molar ratio of Ni/Fe increased, the structures of the five materials transformed from nanoflowers_(Fe-MOFs) to nanospheres_{(Ni/Fe(3:1)MOFs)}, and eventually to rhombic blocks_(Ni-MOFs). The specific surface area decreased from 281.3 m²/g_(Fe-MOFs) to 67.11 m²/g_{(Ni/Fe(1:1)MOFs)} and further to 0.5369 m²/g_(Ni-MOFs). XPS analysis confirmed the synergistic coordination between Ni and Fe, and FT-IR spectra revealed characteristic peaks for hydroxyl groups on the MOF surface and carboxylate ligands. XRD analysis indicated that materials with higher Ni content were more prone to ligand decomposition, which is consistent with the weight loss observed in the TG-DSC between 230 and 350 °C. The materials exhibited selective adsorption for different dyes. Under optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities for Eosin Y (EY), Neutral Red (NR), and Acid Fuchsin (AF) were 54.92 mg/g_(Fe-MOFs), 636.31 mg/g_(Ni-MOFs), and 79.30 mg/g_{(Ni/Fe(1:1)MOFs)}, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherms conformed to the Langmuir model, while Fe-MOFs and Ni/Fe(1:1) MOFs also exhibited compatibility with the Freundlich model. The adsorption mechanism primarily involved monolayer adsorption as the dominant process, with localized multilayer adsorption, as well as chemisorption, hydrogen bonding, hydroxyl interactions, and electrostatic interactions. These MOFs demonstrated high dye removal efficiency in actual water samples and fruit and vegetable juices, exhibiting excellent reusability and anti-interference capabilities. Importantly, compared with the single system, Fe-MOFs and Ni/Fe(1:1)MOFs exhibit competitive adsorption, and Ni-MOFs exhibit synergistic adsorption in the binary system. This study confirms that by adjusting the Ni/Fe molar ratio, MOFs with high selectivity and adsorption performance for different dyes can be designed, providing new theoretical insights and technical support for environmental remediation and food safety applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low toxicity mechanistic insights into Z-scheme WO3/BiFeO3/DSB photocatalysts for efficient ampicillin degradation","authors":"Junxin Yu, Tianyu Gu, Ruiying Wang, Xiaohui Zhu, Zhexuan Li, Weiming Zhu, Li Jiang, Zhiying Dong, Bing Li","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00442-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00442-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ampicillin (AMP) poses a significant environmental hazard to aquatic ecosystems, and previous research has been inadequate in addressing the ecological toxicity of its byproducts. A novel photocatalyst, WO₃-BiFeO₃/digestate biochar (DSB), denoted WBD, was synthesized for efficient photocatalytic degradation of AMP. In our study, 150 mg WBD achieved 99.93% AMP degradation in 3 h at a concentration of 100 mg/L. WBD maintained a stable degradation performance under various environmental stressors, including pH, and the presence of Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and HA. •O₂⁻, h⁺, •OH, and ¹O₂ were identified as primary active oxygen species. WBD effectively targeted the -NH₂, -SH, and β-lactam ring-forming -COOH of AMP, facilitating its transformation into low-toxic or non-toxic degradation products, and establishing a detoxification pathway. Overall, this study introduces a novel environmentally material that demonstrates a high degradation efficiency, long-lasting effectiveness, and low product toxicity, offering a promising approach for the effective management of emerging pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep representation learning enables cross-basin water quality prediction under data-scarce conditions","authors":"Yue Zheng, Xiaoran Zhang, Yongchao Zhou, Yiping Zhang, Tuqiao Zhang, Raziyeh Farmani","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00466-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00466-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence has been extensively used to predict surface water quality to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems proactively. However, water quality prediction in data-scarce conditions is a challenge, especially with heterogeneous data from monitoring sites that lack similarity in water quality, hindering the information transfer. A deep learning model is proposed that utilizes representation learning to capture knowledge from source river basins during the pre-training stage, and incorporates meteorological data to accurately predict water quality. This model is successfully implemented and validated using data from 149 monitoring sites across inland China. The results show that the model has outstanding prediction accuracy across all sites, with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.80, and has a significant advantage in multi-indicator prediction. The model maintains its excellent performance even when trained with only half of the data. This can be attributed to the representation learning used in the pre-training stage, which enables extensive and accurate prediction under data-scarce conditions. The developed model holds significant potential for cross-basin water quality prediction, which could substantially advance the development of water environment system management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive HRMS-screening for persistent, mobile, and toxic compounds in first flush urban stormwater","authors":"Sergio Santana-Viera, Francesc Labad, Marina G. Pintado-Herrera, Nicola Montemurro, Marc Teixidó, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, Sandra Pérez","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00463-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00463-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water scarcity drives water-stressed regions to make use of all available resources. Consequently, urban stormwater is gaining recognition as a valuable resource, for instance to replenish aquifers; thus, enhancing water supply. However, it carries contaminants that could limit its potential uses, highlighting those recently categorized as persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) compounds. In order to conduct broad screening for the presence of PMT compounds in stormwater first-flush samples and rainwater, two instruments based on Gas and Liquid Chromatography coupled to Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry were used, and both suspect and target screening were performed. After prioritization 42 PMTs were detected, of which 24 PMTs were quantified. The results showed that 66% of the quantified PMTs were present in more than 50% of the samples, with average concentrations ranging from 2 ng L^-1 to 2.78 µg L^-1. Of the target PMTs, 11 were quantified for the first time in runoff samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}