npj Clean Water最新文献

Enhancing polysulfone membranes with UiO-66-NH2@TiO2 for humic acid removal in a PMR under visible light 用UiO-66-NH2@TiO2增强聚砜膜在可见光下对PMR中腐植酸的去除

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00498-8

Saeed Shirazian, Hashem O. Alsaab, Masoud Habibi Zare, Qingxia Yang

{"title":"Enhancing polysulfone membranes with UiO-66-NH2@TiO2 for humic acid removal in a PMR under visible light","authors":"Saeed Shirazian, Hashem O. Alsaab, Masoud Habibi Zare, Qingxia Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00498-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00498-8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the composite photocatalyst UiO-66-NH₂@TiO₂ and a polysulfone membrane modified with it were evaluated for removing humic acid (HA) under visible light in a photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR). The photocatalyst and membrane were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, PL, DRS, AFM, BET, contact angle, and porosity tests to assess pollutant removal, water flux, and membrane resistance. Synthesis was confirmed by FTIR and XRD, while DRS showed a 2.87 eV bandgap, indicating visible light activity. PL results revealed reduced electron-hole recombination. FTIR and SEM confirmed photocatalyst presence and uniform dispersion in the membrane, improving hydrophilicity by decreasing the contact angle by 8°. In suspension, the photocatalyst removed 93% of HA under visible light. Among modified membranes, PS-UNT6% performed best, showing a 26% increase in pure water flux and 12% higher HA removal (total 95.2%) compared to the unmodified membrane. Fouling was significantly reduced, with only a 14% flux drop after 12 h under light, versus 19% without modification. Pore-blocking resistance decreased by over 98%, along with reductions in intrinsic, fouling, and cake resistances, demonstrating enhanced membrane performance through photocatalytic modification.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrically conductive membranes featuring integrated porous feed spacers for superior antifouling performance 导电膜具有集成的多孔进料垫片优越的防污性能

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00497-9

Yazan Ibrahim, Muzamil Khatri, Noman Khalid Khanzada, Nidal Hilal

{"title":"Electrically conductive membranes featuring integrated porous feed spacers for superior antifouling performance","authors":"Yazan Ibrahim, Muzamil Khatri, Noman Khalid Khanzada, Nidal Hilal","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00497-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00497-9","url":null,"abstract":"Surface patterning is a promising anti-fouling strategy, yet its integration with conductive polymers remains underexplored. This study investigates electrically conductive, surface-patterned membranes with integrated porous feed spacers using polyaniline (PANI) as a conductive additive in polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. Among tested concentrations (0.25–2.00 wt.%), 1.00 wt.% PANI membrane (PN1) showed the best performance, with electrical conductivity of ≈130.5 ± 2.87 mS·m−1 and pure water flux of 107.2 ± 15.5 L·m−2·h−1 which is around five times that of pristine PES membrane. Under a 4 V electric field, PN1 exhibited lower flux decline (60.6%) and higher flux recovery (FRR 90.1 ± 2.15%). Surface-patterned PN1 membrane (PN1_Patterned) further enhanced performance, achieving a flux of 168.2 ± 20.7 L·m−2·h−1 and reduced fouling (51.6% flux decline) compared to surface-patterned PES membrane (66.7%). PN1_Patterned membrane also showed higher FRR (95.4 ± 1.68%) and stable natural organic matter (NOM) rejection ( > 92.9 ± 1.65%). These results highlight the synergistic benefits of combining conductivity with surface patterning, offering a potential approach for improved membrane performance.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CNT spacer-induced cooling crystallisation: a novel approach to mitigate membrane scaling in membrane distillation without chemicals 碳纳米管间隔诱导的冷却结晶：一种新的方法，以减轻膜蒸馏膜结垢无化学品

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00493-z

Seongeom Jeong, Boram Gu, Gyeong Hwan Choi, Chae Bin Kim, Sanghyun Jeong

{"title":"CNT spacer-induced cooling crystallisation: a novel approach to mitigate membrane scaling in membrane distillation without chemicals","authors":"Seongeom Jeong, Boram Gu, Gyeong Hwan Choi, Chae Bin Kim, Sanghyun Jeong","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00493-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00493-z","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane technology is crucial for water treatment as it effectively separates and rejects pollutants. However, its industrial application is often limited by membrane scaling and fouling issues, which degrade membrane performance and affect the efficiency and longevity of membrane systems. Our previous study demonstrated that a 3D-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) spacer improved membrane performance by increasing the membrane flux and controlling scaling in membrane distillation. Here, we present a detailed mechanism by which a CNT spacer mitigates membrane scaling by inducing cooling crystallisation. The CNT spacer delayed crystallisation and reduced crystal adhesion on both the membrane and spacer surfaces. Additionally, the presence of the CNT spacer resulted in the formation of larger crystals that are less likely to adhere to surfaces. The nanoscale roughness and nanochannels created by the exposed CNT in the spacer appeared to strengthen hydrogen bonding within the solution, further delaying crystallisation and reducing crystal adhesion. These findings were corroborated by comparing the experimental observations with theoretical predictions derived from our mechanistic model, providing a comprehensive understanding of the scaling mitigation process. Our approach addresses several limitations of membrane technology, enhancing performance and reducing scaling and fouling risks, paving the way for broader application in water treatment.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting industrial bio-denitrification through gene activation: the micro-nano-MoS2 enhanced bioprocess 通过基因激活促进工业生物反硝化：微纳米二硫化钼强化生物过程

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00494-y

Zhaozhou Peng, Jiangyuan Sun, Panpan Li, Junzhang Li, Chen Shen, Xia Tian, Jing Lian, Phathutshedzo Khangale, Xiangjing Zhang, Tonderayi Matambo, Diane Hildebrandt, Xinying Liu, Shouxin Liu

{"title":"Boosting industrial bio-denitrification through gene activation: the micro-nano-MoS2 enhanced bioprocess","authors":"Zhaozhou Peng, Jiangyuan Sun, Panpan Li, Junzhang Li, Chen Shen, Xia Tian, Jing Lian, Phathutshedzo Khangale, Xiangjing Zhang, Tonderayi Matambo, Diane Hildebrandt, Xinying Liu, Shouxin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00494-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00494-y","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of nitrates and nitrites not only threaten aquatic ecosystems and drinking water safety but also impair the biodegradation efficiency of industrial wastewater. In this study, micro-nano-MoS2-1013 (0.04 g/L) enhanced denitrification by 56.9% and 29.6% in steel pickling and meat processing wastewaters, respectively, and improved chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by 136.7% in refinery cooling wastewater under continuous-flow conditions using a 3.5 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The catalytic effect of micro-nano-MoS2 on denitrification was achieved by stimulating an increase in the abundance of denitrification genes and the transcript levels of narL (93.82 times), narG (16.34 times), and nirK (12.27 times) within the bacterial cells, which led to an increase in the expression levels of denitrifying enzymes. These findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of biodegradation processes and bio-denitrification systems, particularly for the treatment of high-concentration nitrate wastewater.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio-inspired surface engineered multilayer Janus membrane for efficient desalination of highly saline water in membrane distillation 生物表面工程多层Janus膜用于膜蒸馏中高盐水的高效脱盐

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00482-2

Aminu Doguwa, Mohammed Abdul Azeem, Hilal Ahmad, Dahiru Umar Lawal, Turki Nabieh Baroud

{"title":"Bio-inspired surface engineered multilayer Janus membrane for efficient desalination of highly saline water in membrane distillation","authors":"Aminu Doguwa, Mohammed Abdul Azeem, Hilal Ahmad, Dahiru Umar Lawal, Turki Nabieh Baroud","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00482-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00482-2","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane distillation (MD) faces critical challenges at the industrial scale, including poor permeate flux and membrane fouling. To address these issues and efficiently treat highly saline water, this study presents a nature-inspired approach to fabricating a robust multilayer Janus membrane using a gecko-inspired adhesion mechanism. The proposed membrane was fabricated using a layer-by-layer co-deposition method, combining a surface-roughened PVDF flat-sheet membrane prepared via phase inversion with an electrosprayed hydrophobic PVDF-HFP interfacial layer modified with CuO nanoparticles and an electrospun hydrophilic PEI fiber bottom layer. The hydrophobic top layer exhibited a water contact angle of 131.5°, followed by a superhydrophobic interfacial layer and the bottom/support layer with a contact angle of 41.4°, enabling superior directional wettability. The Janus membrane achieved an impressive water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) flux of 37.16 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with a high salt rejection rate of 99.99% over 24 h. Furthermore, the membrane demonstrated long-term stability and excellent resistance to fouling and delamination in harsh saline environments, maintaining performance over 60 h of continuous MD operation. This work highlights the potential of bio-inspired engineering in developing efficient and durable membranes, offering a promising pathway for advancing MD technology for industrial-scale desalination.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative dual-purpose remediation of acid mine drainage and resource recovery through membrane distillation crystallization 膜蒸馏结晶法修复酸性矿山废水与资源回收的创新双重用途

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00489-9

Lebea N. Nthunya, Aamer Ali, Heidi Richards, Luke Chimuka, Cejna Quist-Jensen, Bhekie B. Mamba

{"title":"Innovative dual-purpose remediation of acid mine drainage and resource recovery through membrane distillation crystallization","authors":"Lebea N. Nthunya, Aamer Ali, Heidi Richards, Luke Chimuka, Cejna Quist-Jensen, Bhekie B. Mamba","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00489-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00489-9","url":null,"abstract":"The current study evaluated the innovative application of membrane distillation crystallization (MDCr) for dual treatment and resource recovery from acid mine drainage (AMD), a persistent environmental crisis in South African. This AMD was characterized by exorbitant concentrations of Ca2+ (2622 mg·L−1), Fe2+ (1421 mg·L−1), SO42−(9790 mg·L−1) and Cl− (1113 mg·L−1). The current study evaluated the performance of hollow fibre polypropylene membrane in processing both acidic (pH 3.58) and neutralized (pH 6.47) feedwaters. The permeate was 3.3 kg·m−2·h−1, 2.2 kg·m−2·h−1 and 1.3 kg·m−2·h−1 at 70, 60 and 50 °C respectively, which remained relatively stable at high recovery factors ( >80%). Acidic AMD promoted formation of large metal-rich ettringite and halite crystals while neutralized AMD produced small and dense ettringite, hexahydrite and jarosite crystals. This study highlighted the dual functionality of MDCr in water treatment and mineral resource recovery, offering a sustainable solution to address the AMD pollution crisis in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced spin polarization in GQDs/TiO2 fibers via magnetic field and oxygen vacancies for photocatalysis 利用磁场和氧空位增强GQDs/TiO2纤维的自旋极化

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00492-0

Yu-Ze Sun, Jin-Hua Liu, Zhi Li, Li-Peng Qiu, Jia-Bin Song, Shuai-Jie Wang, Zhen Zhang, Ru Li, Hong-Di Zhang, Wen-Peng Han, Jun Zhang, Yun-Ze Long

{"title":"Enhanced spin polarization in GQDs/TiO2 fibers via magnetic field and oxygen vacancies for photocatalysis","authors":"Yu-Ze Sun, Jin-Hua Liu, Zhi Li, Li-Peng Qiu, Jia-Bin Song, Shuai-Jie Wang, Zhen Zhang, Ru Li, Hong-Di Zhang, Wen-Peng Han, Jun Zhang, Yun-Ze Long","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00492-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00492-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, graphene quantum dots/titanium dioxide (GQDs/TiO2) fiber membranes with engineered oxygen vacancies were fabricated using a combination of electrospinning and solvothermal techniques. Oxygen vacancies, as key active sites, enabled spin polarization during the photocatalytic reaction, and the material’s spin polarization was verified by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT). For the first time, the effects of high magnetic fields (1000–5000 mT) on photocatalytic performance were systematically explored. The findings reveal that the magnetic field markedly enhances spin polarization, facilitating synergistic interactions between oxygen vacancies and photogenerated electrons while significantly suppressing carrier recombination. Under these conditions, the GQDs/TiO2 fiber membranes achieved a remarkable 52.44% increase in the degradation rate of methylene blue compared to zero-field conditions. Additionally, the study introduces the concept of magnetic field-induced progressive energy level modulation, wherein defect state energy levels undergo gradual adjustment before stabilization under magnetic influence. This work provides critical insights into radical generation mechanisms driven by the interplay between magnetic fields and oxygen vacancies, offering a novel pathway for designing advanced photocatalysts with broad applications in water pollution treatment and sustainable energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Millionfold accelerated AI solver for 3D multi-physical simulations of ultrapermeable membranes 超透膜三维多物理模拟的百万倍加速AI求解器

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00491-1

Yanjin Liu, Jiu Luo, Mingming Huang, Hong Liu, Zhiwei Wang, Yi Heng

引用次数: 0

Novel ferromagnetic CuFe2O4/Cu as a highly active catalyst for microwave-Fenton-like reaction 新型铁磁CuFe2O4/Cu作为微波-类芬顿反应的高活性催化剂

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00477-z

Yejin Nam, Deukhyeon Nam, Yoon Myung, Jong Hoon Joo, Changwoo Kim

{"title":"Novel ferromagnetic CuFe2O4/Cu as a highly active catalyst for microwave-Fenton-like reaction","authors":"Yejin Nam, Deukhyeon Nam, Yoon Myung, Jong Hoon Joo, Changwoo Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00477-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00477-z","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the short retention time in small-scale wastewater treatment plants, it is necessary to develop processes with fast reaction rates. The microwave-Fenton-like reaction (MW-Fenton-like reaction), which combines external energy and catalysts, provides a solution with rapid reaction rate and high degradation efficiency. In this reaction, catalysts significantly influence decomposition efficiency. Developing magnetic catalysts can simplify the separation process. In this study, the superiority of copper-based metal oxides for the MW-Fenton-like reaction was confirmed through comparative experiments of various metal oxides. Based on these findings, highly active CuFe2O4/Cu particles were developed. The synthesized particles, with rough-surfaced solid-sphere morphology, exhibited ferromagnetic properties and were completely separated using a laboratory-scale magnet. CuFe2O4/Cu also showed high degradation over a wide pH range and achieved the highest degradation rate at pH 7. Furthermore, comparison of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation using MW and conventional heating demonstrated MW was superior in reaction rate, efficiency, and reusability.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tailoring Fe(VI) coordination microenvironment for high-efficiency oxidation: ligand-driven electron transfer and polymerization steering 为高效氧化定制铁（VI）配位微环境：配体驱动的电子转移和聚合转向

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-025-00488-w

Zhi Gao, Yu-Lei Liu, Zhuang-Song Huang, Xiao-Na Zhao, Xian-Shi Wang, Zi-Yi Han, Chong-Wei Cui, Jun Ma, Lu Wang

{"title":"Tailoring Fe(VI) coordination microenvironment for high-efficiency oxidation: ligand-driven electron transfer and polymerization steering","authors":"Zhi Gao, Yu-Lei Liu, Zhuang-Song Huang, Xiao-Na Zhao, Xian-Shi Wang, Zi-Yi Han, Chong-Wei Cui, Jun Ma, Lu Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00488-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00488-w","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing ligand-mediated homogeneous catalysis to enhance oxidant-driven pollutant removal efficiency presents significant research value while posing substantial challenges. This study utilized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to alter the coordination environment of ferrate(VI), thereby steering electron transfer and the phenoxylation pathways to enhance the pollutant removal, which is realized by the complexation-mediated regulation for kinetics and thermodynamics. For example, the introduction of EDTA increased the rate constant of ferrate(VI) oxidizing phenol by four times (from 50.79 M−1 s−1 to 208 M−1 s−1) and the stoichiometric ratio (∆[phenol]/∆[K2FeO4]) from 0.17:1 to 0.22:1. Theoretical calculation and experimental characterization proved that the in-situ formed metastable Fe(VI)-EDTA complex facilitates the electron transfer from Fe(VI) to benzene ring and the phenoxylation pathways. Consequently, the related polymerization products were produced in greater quantities (about 5 times) and with broader diversity than Fe(VI) alone. In the application to real water, the introduction of EDTA reduced more than half of ferrate(VI)’s dosage previously required for completely removing phenol. This study presents a novel strategy for optimizing ferrate(VI) oxidizing pollutants in water treatment, which presents notable environmental benefits by minimizing ferrate(VI) consumption and enhancing pollutant removal efficiency.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0