Non-Coding RNA最新文献_第5页

miRNA and Its Implications in the Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer-Narrative Review of What Do We Know So Far. miRNA及其在乳腺癌耐药中的意义——迄今为止我们所知道的综述。

IF 4.2

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060078

Isabela Anda Komporaly, Adelina Silvana Gheorghe, Lidia Anca Kajanto, Elena Adriana Iovănescu, Bogdan Georgescu, Raluca Ioana Mihăilă, Andreea Mihaela Radu, Daniela Luminița Zob, Mara Mădălina Mihai, Mihai Teodor Georgescu, Dana Lucia Stănculeanu

{"title":"miRNA and Its Implications in the Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer-Narrative Review of What Do We Know So Far.","authors":"Isabela Anda Komporaly, Adelina Silvana Gheorghe, Lidia Anca Kajanto, Elena Adriana Iovănescu, Bogdan Georgescu, Raluca Ioana Mihăilă, Andreea Mihaela Radu, Daniela Luminița Zob, Mara Mădălina Mihai, Mihai Teodor Georgescu, Dana Lucia Stănculeanu","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11060078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11060078","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with treatment resistance and tumor heterogeneity posing major clinical challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have emerged as key players in breast cancer biology, influencing tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on the involvement of miRNAs in breast cancer subtypes and their impact on treatment response. Notably, miR-155, miR-503, and miR-21 have shown potential as non-invasive biomarkers and modulators of pathways such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and TNF signaling. Additionally, exosomal miRNAs may reflect chemoresistance profiles and predict pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy. Emerging data also support the use of specific miRNAs to sensitize tumors to radiotherapy or modulate immune checkpoints like PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer. However, challenges persist regarding standardization, sample types, and study heterogeneity. Further translational research is needed to validate miRNA signatures and their utility in guiding personalized treatment. By highlighting mechanistic insights and potential clinical applications, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts of integrating miRNAs into precision oncology for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12642013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged Survival with Dieting for Improved Autophagy. 通过节食延长生存期以改善自噬。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060077

Akari Fukumoto, Moeka Nakashima, Satoru Matsuda

{"title":"Prolonged Survival with Dieting for Improved Autophagy.","authors":"Akari Fukumoto, Moeka Nakashima, Satoru Matsuda","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11060077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11060077","url":null,"abstract":"Food is a crucial component affecting the health of individuals, which may have the potential to expand lifespan. It has been shown that a long lifespan may be related to fine-tuned autophagy. In general, suitable autophagy could play a significant role in the anti-aging biological exertion of the host. AMPK, a member of serine and threonine kinases, could play vital roles within the autophagy signaling pathway in various cells. In addition, alterations in the kinase activity of AMPK have been shown to be connected to several pathologies of aging-related diseases. Therefore, autophagy could control the lifespan-related homeostasis within the host from cells to a body via the modification of AMPK. The design of the diet and/or nutrition targeting the AMPK would be a possibility to expand the lifespan. Some analyses of the molecular biology underlying the autophagy suggest that supplementation of accurate nutraceuticals, as well as dietary restriction, mild fasting, and/or appropriate physical exercise, could modulate AMPK signaling, which may be advantageous for life extension with the alteration of autophagy. Remarkably, it has been revealed that several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) might also play significant roles in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, the production of some ncRNAs may be associated with the alteration of gut microbiota with certain diets. Therefore, the modulation of AMPK action with ncRNAs through choosing the relevant diet could be a therapeutic tactic for promoting longevity, which is also accompanied by a reduced risk for several aging-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12641694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Expression and Clinicopathological Relevance of Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in Invasive Breast Cancer. 小核仁rna （snoRNAs）在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理相关性评估。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060076

Luděk Záveský, Eva Jandáková, Vít Weinberger, Luboš Minář, Radovan Turyna, Adéla Tefr Faridová, Veronika Hanzíková, Ondřej Slanař

{"title":"Evaluation of Expression and Clinicopathological Relevance of Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in Invasive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Luděk Záveský, Eva Jandáková, Vít Weinberger, Luboš Minář, Radovan Turyna, Adéla Tefr Faridová, Veronika Hanzíková, Ondřej Slanař","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11060076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11060076","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs with potential as novel biomarkers applicable to improve diagnostic and prognostic applications. Methods: We performed a comprehensive evaluation of the snoRNA-related gene expression by qPCR using benign and tumor tissue samples associated with invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (NST). Selected candidate snoRNAs, i.e., SCARNA2, SCARNA3, SNORD15B, SNORD94, SNORA68, and SNHG1, along with RNU2-1 snRNA, were further validated and their associations with clinicopathological parameters were examined. External datasets and plasma samples were used for additional validation. Results: SCARNA2 was identified as the most promising snoRNA biomarker candidate, showing a positive association with better progression-free survival (PFS) in our data (13.3-month survival difference between low- and high-expression groups) and with both PFS and overall survival in external RNA-seq datasets. SNORD94, SNORD15B, SCARNA3, and RNU2-1 snRNA were also indicated as putative tumor suppressors. SNORD94 was associated with better progression-free survival (PFS) in our data as well (12.4-month survival difference between low- and high expression groups). Greater downregulation in the low-expression tumor subgroup compared to benign samples further supports the prognostic potential of SCARNA2 and SNORD94. Evidence for SNHG1 and SNORA68 as putative oncogenes was less conclusive. Conclusions: Several small nucleolar RNAs were found to be dysregulated in breast cancer specimens, supporting their further evaluation as potential biomarkers. In particular, SCARNA2, SNORD94, SNORD15B, SCARNA3, and RNU2-1 snRNA merit further investigation to determine their clinical relevance and biological roles in breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12642022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Non-Coding RNA Journal Club: Highlights on Recent Papers-14. 非编码RNA杂志俱乐部：最近论文的亮点-14。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060075

El Cheima Mhamedi, Florent Hubé, Suresh K Alahari, Francisco J Enguita, Barbara Pardini, Mark W Feinberg, Laura Poliseno, Beshoy Armanios, Jing Jin, Xiao-Bo Zhong, Nikolaos Sideris, Salih Bayraktar, Leandro Castellano, Gaetano Santulli, Stanislovas S Jankauskas, Will S Plewa, Simon J Conn, Ling Yang, Patrick K T Shiu, Abhishek Kaushik, Alexander Serganov, Massimo Gentile, Giuseppe Viglietto, Nicola Amodio, Tijana Mitić, Andrea Caporali

引用次数: 0

The Chromosome 19 microRNA Cluster Facilitates Cancer Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 19号染色体microRNA簇促进肝癌的癌变。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060074

Marian T Underwood, Varsha Devarapalli, Goodwin G Jinesh, John H Lockhart, Marco Napoli, Nino Mtchedlidze, Elsa R Flores, Andrew S Brohl

{"title":"The Chromosome 19 microRNA Cluster Facilitates Cancer Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Marian T Underwood, Varsha Devarapalli, Goodwin G Jinesh, John H Lockhart, Marco Napoli, Nino Mtchedlidze, Elsa R Flores, Andrew S Brohl","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11060074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11060074","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's deadliest cancers; however, the mechanisms that contribute to its aggressiveness are poorly understood. In the recent literature, overexpression of the Chromosome 19 MicroRNA Cluster (C19MC) has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and unfavorable prognosis in HCC. However, the molecular consequences of C19MC overexpression in HCC remain poorly understood. Methods: Here, we created a constitutive C19MC-overexpressing HCC model and used two different CRISPR-engineered C19MC-overexpressing HCC models to analyze phenotype and transcriptomic changes. Results: We observed that C19MC overexpression induces cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypic features in vitro and analyzed transcriptomic changes in genes correlating with stemness, such as NFκB and EMT. Conclusions: C19MC induces changes in HCC that are consistent with stemness and aggression, which provides a better understanding of why C19MC could be a biomarker of poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12641929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring microRNAs, One Cell at a Time. 一次一个细胞地探索微小rna。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11060073

Jessica Kreutz, Tijana Mitić, Andrea Caporali

引用次数: 0

Identification and Functions of lncRNAs in Fungi. 真菌中lncrna的鉴定和功能。

IF 4.2

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11050072

Javier Avalos, Adrián Perera-Bonaño, M Carmen Limón

{"title":"Identification and Functions of lncRNAs in Fungi.","authors":"Javier Avalos, Adrián Perera-Bonaño, M Carmen Limón","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11050072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11050072","url":null,"abstract":"Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts generated by polymerase II, therefore subject to 5' capping and 3' polyadenylation, categorized as such when they are at least 200 nt in size and lack coding function. The lncRNAs were initially interpreted as spurious transcription products, but over the last two decades an increasing amount of evidence has accumulated for regulatory functions. They are found in all taxonomic groups, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, animals and plants. In fungi, global analyses anticipate their presence in higher numbers than initially expected considering the simplicity of these organisms. Except for the numerous studies performed in budding and fission yeast, relatively few lncRNAs have been investigated in sufficient detail in the rest of the fungi, but their number has increased steadily in recent years. The lncRNAs can be transcribed from intergenic regions or coincide totally or partially with protein-coding genes, in which case they are most frequently antisense transcripts. Their regulatory functions can be performed by a wide variety of mechanisms, both in cis on neighboring genes and in trans on distant genes or on proteins. Among the most frequent mechanisms are interference on the transcription of neighboring genes and generation of epigenetic modifications in the environment of target genes. Here, we review the most representative cases of global analyses of the presence of lncRNAs in fungal transcriptomes and describe the lncRNAs that have received more detailed attention.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12566771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145391683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics-Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review. 儿科感染诊断中的microRNA生物标志物-弥合证据与临床应用之间的差距：范围综述。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11050071

Oenone Rodgers, Anna De Beer, Thomas Waterfield

{"title":"microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics-Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Oenone Rodgers, Anna De Beer, Thomas Waterfield","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11050071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11050071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections in children remains a significant challenge for clinicians. Traditional biomarkers have limited utility, often leading to antibiotic overprescription due to clinician uncertainty. With rising antimicrobial resistance, novel biomarkers are needed to improve diagnosis. This scoping review examines current host miRNA biomarkers for acute bacterial and viral infections in children (0-18), focusing on study methods, diagnostic metrics, and research gaps to support clinical translation.Results: Of the 1147 articles identified, 36 studies were included. Notably, 72.2% of the studies originated from Asia, and the distribution across the paediatric age groups was relatively even. A total of 17 miRNAs were validated in at least two independent studies. Three miRNAs, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-363-3p, and hsa-miR-206, were consistently associated with bacterial infection in children. Meanwhile, nine miRNAs were associated with viral infections: hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-140-3p, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-210-3p, and hsa-miR-34a-5p. Across the 12 studies reporting diagnostic accuracy metrics, miRNA biomarkers exhibited a sensitivity ranging from 70% to 100%, and a specificity ranging from 72% to 100%. The area under the curve across the studies demonstrated a range from 0.62 to 0.99.Conclusions: This scoping review highlights the potential of miRNA targets for diagnosing paediatric infections when studied rigorously. However, clinical translation is limited by poor adherence to STARD guidelines, lack of robust diagnostic metrics, and study heterogeneity. Many studies were set up with a case-control design, a design that, while highlighting differences, is more likely to identify non-specific biomarkers rather than those that are useful for novel clinical diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12566583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145391720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of Expression Profiles, Mechanistic Insights, Genetic Associations, and Their Clinical Implications. 牛皮癣中的长链非编码rna：表达谱、机制见解、遗传关联及其临床意义的综合综述。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11050069

Judit Danis, Márta Széll

{"title":"Long Non-Coding RNAs in Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of Expression Profiles, Mechanistic Insights, Genetic Associations, and Their Clinical Implications.","authors":"Judit Danis, Márta Széll","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11050069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11050069","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the global population, characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and dysregulated immune responses. This review examines the emerging role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in psoriasis pathogenesis, highlighting their significance as regulatory molecules in disease initiation, progression, and chronicity. LncRNAs demonstrate distinct expression patterns in psoriatic lesions, with upregulated transcripts such as MALAT1, XIST, MIR31HG, and HOTAIR promoting keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and amplifying inflammatory cascades through mechanisms including microRNA sponging and transcription factor modulation. These molecules primarily target key signaling pathways including NF-κB, STAT3, and PI3K/AKT. Conversely, downregulated lncRNAs like NEAT1, MEG3, and PRINS normally function as tumor suppressor molecules that maintain epidermal homeostasis through pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Their reduced expression contributes to the pathological hyperproliferative phenotype characteristic of psoriatic skin. Importantly, genetic variants within lncRNA loci have been identified as significant contributors to psoriasis susceptibility and treatment responses across different populations. Single- nucleotide polymorphisms in genes such as TRAF3IP2-AS1, HOTAIR, and CDKN2B-AS1 demonstrate population-specific associations with disease risk and therapeutic outcomes, suggesting their potential utility as pharmacogenomic markers. The complex regulatory networks involving lncRNAs provide new insights into psoriasis pathogenesis and offer promising avenues for personalized treatment strategies. Integration of lncRNA profiling into clinical practice may enhance our understanding of disease heterogeneity and improve therapeutic outcomes for psoriatic patients.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Non-coding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. 非编码rna在急性髓系白血病中的作用。

IF 3.6

Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11050070

Shailendra S Maurya, Sarita Maurya, Sumit K Chaturvedi

{"title":"Role of Non-coding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Shailendra S Maurya, Sarita Maurya, Sumit K Chaturvedi","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11050070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11050070","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with significantly higher incidence and fatality rates in the elderly. Even with recent decades of research progress in AML, the exact etiology of this deadly disease is still not fully understood, with recent advancements in sequencing technologies highlighting the role of a growing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are intimately associated with AML leukemogenesis. These ncRNAs have been found to have a significant role in leukemia-related cellular processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. A few of these non-coding RNAs exhibit potential as prognostic biomarkers. The three main groups of ncRNAs that contribute unique activities, especially in cancer, are microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Their existence or altered expression levels frequently offer vital information on the diagnosis, course of treatment, and follow-up of cancer patients. The identification of ncRNAs has opened up new avenues for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. In order to provide a clear understanding of the significant influence that lncRNAs have on prognostic predictions and diagnostic accuracy in AML, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and insightful understanding of how these molecules actively participate in the complex landscape of the disease.","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12478048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0