Non-Coding RNA最新文献

{"title":"Insights into miRNAs of the Stingless Bee <i>Melipona quadrifasciata</i>.","authors":"Dalliane Oliveira Soares, Lucas Yago Melo Ferreira, Gabriel Victor Pina Rodrigues, João Pedro Nunes Santos, Ícaro Santos Lopes, Lucas Barbosa de Amorim Conceição, Tatyana Chagas Moura, Isaque João da Silva de Faria, Roenick Proveti Olmo, Weyder Cristiano Santana, Marco Antônio Costa, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators involved in a wide range of biological processes in insects, yet little is known about their roles in stingless bees. Here, we present the first characterization of miRNAs in <i>Melipona quadrifasciata</i> using small RNAs (sRNAs) deep sequencing. A total of 193 high-confidence mature miRNAs were identified, including 106 <i>M. quadrifasciata</i>-exclusive sequences. Expression profiling revealed that mqu-miR-1 and mqu-miR-276 together accounted for over 70% of all miRNA reads, suggesting their central roles in development and reproduction. Comparative analyses showed a higher conservation of <i>M. quadrifasciata</i> miRNAs with other Hymenopterans, especially <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Bombus</i> spp. Putative target genes were predicted using a consensus approach, and functional annotation indicated their involvement in diverse biological regulatory pathways. This work represents the first comprehensive identification of the miRNA repertoire in stingless bees using sRNAs and provides a valuable foundation for understanding miRNA-mediated gene regulation in this ecologically and economically important pollinator.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Potential of Exosomal and Non-Exosomal Biomarkers in Lung Cancer: A Comparative Analysis Using a Rat Model of Lung Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Sherien M El-Daly, Sahar S Abdelrahman, Amira Mohamed Abd El-Jawad, Mahmoud A Abdel-Monem, Gamila S M El-Saeed","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying liquid biopsy biomarkers with high efficacy is crucial for cancer diagnosis. Exosomal cargo, including miRNAs and proteins, offers enhanced stability in biofluids compared with their free circulating forms, but direct comparisons of their diagnostic performance remain limited. This study evaluates and compares the diagnostic value of selected miRNAs and protein markers in exosomal versus non-exosomal fractions across stages of lung carcinogenesis in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung cancer was induced in rats, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected at consecutive stages of tumor induction. We investigated the expression patterns of key miRNAs (miR-19b, miR-21, and miR-145) in exosomes, serum, and tissue and quantified levels of tumor biomarkers CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in exosomal and serum fractions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed distinct expression patterns of the evaluated miRNAs across exosomes, serum, and tissue, throughout different stages of tumor induction. The expression of exosomal miRNAs dynamically changed in parallel with the tumor induction process, demonstrating high diagnostic efficacy. Specifically, exosomal miR-19b and miR-21 were significantly upregulated from an early induction stage, whereas their serum and tissue forms increased only during the late stages of induction. On the other hand, miR-145 was consistently downregulated across all fractions at every stage. Both exosomal and serum CEA levels increased significantly during tumor induction, while serum CYFRA 21-1 outperformed its exosomal counterpart. Strong positive correlations linked exosomal miR-19b and miR-145 with their non-exosomal counterparts, while moderate correlations were seen for miR-21 and the protein markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore the value of integrating exosomal biomarkers in liquid biopsies, highlighting their potential to improve early detection and monitoring of lung cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Circulating piRNAs in the Context of a Single Bout of Exercise: Potential Biomarkers of Exercise-Induced Adaptation?","authors":"Caroline Eva Riedel, Javier Ibáñez, Annunziata Fragasso, Angelika Schmitt, Manuel Widmann, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, Andreas M Niess, Barbara Munz","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity induces a range of physiological and molecular adaptations, particularly affecting skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, regulating both tissue architecture and metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) may serve as potential biomarkers for these adaptations. Here, we analyzed piRNA patterns in the context of exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study selected eight participants of the iReAct study (DRKS00017446) for piRNA analysis. Baseline assessments included demographic profiling and fitness evaluation, particularly maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) assessment. In addition, blood samples were collected pre- and (for six of the eight participants) post- standard reference training sessions. Subsequently, subjects underwent 6-week training protocols, employing standardized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) regimens. Next, RNA sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed piRNAs, and correlation analyses were performed between piRNA expression patterns and training-associated changes in V̇O2max. Finally, to identify piRNAs potentially of interest in the context of exercise, different screening procedures were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were unique and specific changes in individual piRNA expression levels in response to exercise. In addition, we could define correlations of piRNA expression patterns, namely of piR-32886, piR-33151, piR-12547, and piR-33074, with changes in V̇O2max. These correlations did not reach significance in the small sample size of this pilot study, but might be verified in larger, confirming studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This hypothesis-generating study identifies characteristic piRNA patterns in the context of exercise. Their significance as biomarkers is yet to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Compensatory miRNA Networks in Cognitive Recovery from Heart Failure.","authors":"Verena Gisa, Md Rezaul Islam, Dawid Lbik, Raoul Maximilian Hofmann, Tonatiuh Pena, Dennis Manfred Krüger, Susanne Burkhardt, Anna-Lena Schütz, Farahnaz Sananbenesi, Karl Toischer, Andre Fischer","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Heart failure (HF) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and hippocampal dysfunction, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA) networks in hippocampus-dependent memory recovery in a mouse model of HF. <b>Methods:</b> CaMKIIδC transgenic (TG) mice, a model for HF, were used to assess hippocampal function at 3 and 6 months of age. Memory performance was evaluated using hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks. Small RNA sequencing was performed to analyze hippocampal miRNA expression profiles across both time points. Bioinformatic analyses identified miRNAs that potentially regulate genes previously implicated in HF-induced cognitive impairment. <b>Results:</b> We have previously shown that at 3 months of age, CaMKIIδC TG mice exhibited significant memory deficits associated with dysregulated hippocampal gene expression. In this study, we showed that these impairments, memory impairment and hippocampal gene expression, were no longer detectable at 6 months, despite persistent cardiac dysfunction. However, small RNA sequencing revealed a dynamic shift in hippocampal miRNA expression, identifying 27 miRNAs as \"compensatory miRs\" that targeted 73% of the transcripts dysregulated at 3 months but reinstated by 6 months. Notably, miR-181a-5p emerged as a central regulatory hub, with its downregulation coinciding with restored memory function. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that miRNA networks contribute to the restoration of hippocampal function in HF despite continued cardiac pathology and provide an important compensatory mechanism towards memory impairment. A better understanding of these compensatory miRNA mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic targets for managing HF-related cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Roles of <i>CHROMR</i> in Innate Immunity, Cancer, and Cholesterol Homeostasis.","authors":"Emma R Blaustein, Coen van Solingen","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>CHROMR</i> is a primate-specific long noncoding RNA with emerging roles in homeostasis and pathophysiology. Elevated blood levels of <i>CHROMR</i> have been observed in patients with cardiovascular disease and several cancers, where it is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Like many lncRNAs, <i>CHROMR</i> accumulates in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and it assumes distinct functions in each of these cellular compartments. In the nucleus, <i>CHROMR</i> sequesters a transcriptional repressor complex to activate interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral immunity. In the cytoplasm, <i>CHROMR</i> competitively inhibits microRNAs involved in cholesterol efflux and cell cycle regulation, thereby impacting gene pathways involved in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL biogenesis, and tumor growth. In this review, we detail the multifaceted functions of <i>CHROMR</i> in cholesterol metabolism, innate immunity, and cancer progression. We also explore the potential molecular mechanisms that govern its expression and dynamic subcellular localization, which may be key to its functional versatility. Advancing our understanding of the regulatory networks and cellular environments that shape <i>CHROMR</i> activity will be critical for assessing its promise as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Papillomavirus-Encoded microRNAs as Regulators of Human Gene Expression in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Transcriptomics Study.","authors":"Daniel J García, Marco A Pulpillo-Berrocal, José L Ruiz, Eduardo Andrés-León, Laura C Terrón-Camero","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare but increasingly common gastrointestinal malignancy, mainly associated with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in tumorigenesis is recognized, but the impact of viral ncRNAs on host gene expression remains unclear. <b>Methods:</b> We re-analyzed total RNA-Seq data from 70 anal biopsies: 31 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 16 high-grade SIL (HGSIL), and 23 ASCC cases. Microbial composition was assessed taxonomically. Novel viral miRNAs were predicted using vsRNAfinder and linked to host targets using TargetScan and expression correlation analyses. <b>Results:</b> Microbial profiling revealed significant differences in abundance, with Alphapapillomaviruses types 9, 10, and 14 enriched across lesion grades. We identified 90 novel viral miRNAs and 177 significant anti-correlated miRNA-mRNA interactions. Target genes were enriched in pathways related to cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, lipid metabolism, immune modulation, and viral replication. <b>Discussion:</b> Our findings suggest that HPV-derived miRNAs, including those from low-risk types, may contribute to neoplastic transformation by modulating host regulatory networks. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study highlights viral miRNAs as potential drivers of HPV-related anal cancer and supports their utility as early biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ASCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Emphasis on the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Viral Gene Expression, Pathogenesis, and Innate Immunity in Viral Chicken Diseases.","authors":"Anindita Sarma, Parul Suri, Megan Justice, Raja Angamuthu, Samuel Pushparaj","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry farming industry encounters considerable obstacles stemming from viral diseases, resulting in elevated mortality rates and substantial economic losses. Current research highlights the significant involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the interactions between hosts and pathogens by enhancing antiviral responses at different levels, such as the activation of pathogen recognition receptors, as well as through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. Specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including ERL lncRNA, linc-GALMD3, and loc107051710, have been recognized as significant contributors to the antiviral immune response to multiple avian viral pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act offers valuable insights into prospective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches aimed at improving disease resistance in poultry. Differentially expressed lncRNAs may also be utilized as biomarkers for both prognosis and diagnosis of avian viral diseases. This review delves into the various roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of viral diseases in chickens, such as avian leukosis, Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, and Newcastle disease. It highlights the pivotal role of lncRNAs in the complex dynamics between the host and viral pathogens, particularly their interactions with specific viral proteins. Understanding these interactions may provide valuable insights into the spatial and temporal regulation of lncRNAs, aid in the identification of potential drug targets, and reveal the expression patterns of lncRNA and coding gene transcripts in response to different viral infections in avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Alters tRNA Transcriptome in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse Liver.","authors":"Carolyn M Klinge, Julia H Chariker, Kellianne M Piell, Belinda J Petri, Eric C Rouchka, Matthew C Cave","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Exposure of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The mechanisms by which HFD diet and PCBs increase MASLD are unclear. Previously, we identified differences in HFD-fed mouse liver tRNA modifications with single oral exposures to the dioxin-like PCB126, the non-dioxin-like PCB mixture Aroclor 1260 (Ar1260), or the combination of Ar1260 + PCB126. <b>Methods:</b> Here, we used small RNA sequencing and the tRNA analysis of expression (tRAX) pipeline to examine if PCB exposures alter the tRNA transcriptome, including tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), in the livers of the PCB-exposed mice. <b>Results:</b> Each PCB exposure produced distinct hepatic tRNA transcriptomes with more tRNAs decreased than increased. Only tRNA-Glu-TTC-1 was reduced with all three PCB exposures. More changes in tRFs were identified with Ar1260 alone or in combination with PCB126 than with PCB126 alone. Four tRF-3s were upregulated in both PCB126 and Ar1260 + PCB126 co-exposed mice, suggesting PCB126 as responsible for this increase. We previously reported that PCB126 exposure increased hepatic Angiogenin (ANG) protein which generates tRF-3s. Four previously reported tRNA modifications corresponded to positions of PCB-associated tRNA modifications identified by tRAX: m1A, m6A, ms2t6A, and Ψ. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, the differences in hepatic tRNAs and tRFs with three different PCB exposures suggest that PCB exposures play an unexplored role in regulating translation in mouse liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Schlösser et al. Anti-HIV-1 Effect of the Fluoroquinolone Enoxacin and Modulation of Pro-Viral hsa-miR-132 Processing in CEM-SS Cells. <i>Non-Coding RNA</i> 2025, <i>11</i>, 8.","authors":"Verena Schlösser, Helen Louise Lightfoot, Christine Leemann, Seyedeh Elnaz Banijamali, Aathma Merin Bejoy, Shashank Tiwari, Jeffrey L Schloßhauer, Valentina Vongrad, Andreas Brunschweiger, Jonathan Hall, Karin J Metzner, Jochen Imig","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seyedeh Elnaz Banijamali was not included as an author in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of RNA Transcribed by RNA Polymerase III from B2 SINEs in Mouse Cells.","authors":"Olga R Borodulina, Sergey A Kosushkin, Ilia G Ustyantsev, Nikita S Vassetzky, Dmitri A Kramerov","doi":"10.3390/ncrna11030039","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ncrna11030039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> SINEs (short interspersed elements) are eukaryotic non-autonomous retrotransposons. They are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (pol III) and generate non-coding RNAs. The 3' end of many mammalian SINEs contains a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA), a pol III transcription terminator, and an A-rich tail. Studies have shown that, in human HeLa cells that have been transiently transfected with such SINEs, short pol III-generated SINE transcripts undergo polyadenylation, resulting in the addition of a long poly(A)-tail. Notably, this AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation is not characteristic of any other transcripts synthesized by pol III. B2 SINEs, found in the genomes of mouse-like rodents, exemplify all these features. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we implemented a novel approach to sequencing pol III-generated B2 transcripts from mouse cell cultures (L929 and 4T1) and organs (brain and testis). <b>Results:</b> Transcription occurred in 16,000-20,000 B2 copies in each cell type, 51-62% of which were transcribed in all four cell types. Effective transcription terminators (e.g., TCT_>3 and T_≥4) were found in approximately 40% of the transcribed B2 copies. The transcripts of these B2 copies contained a truncated terminator sequence, as pol III transcriptional arrest is known to occur within the terminator, with a poly(A)-tail immediately downstream. Such a tail could only have formed through RNA polyadenylation. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results demonstrate that B2 transcripts synthesized by pol III are capable of polyadenylation in mouse cells. We discuss the transcription of B2 copies with and without moderately efficient pol III terminators (TCTTT) and provide examples of the polyadenylation of such transcripts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19271,"journal":{"name":"Non-Coding RNA","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}