Neurological Research最新文献

{"title":"Statement of Retraction: Predictors of futile recanalization following mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a single-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2739202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2739202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in low- and middle-income countries: a pooled analysis of 67,917 patients and systematic review.","authors":"Meiling Carbajal-Galarza, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa-Paredes, Irving Calisaya-Madariaga, Fritz Vascones, Nestor Flores-Rodríguez, Sandra Berrú-Villalobos, Niels Pacheco-Barrios, Daniel Vera, Sergio Abanto-Perez, Miriam Guerrero, Karlos Acurio, Carlos Abanto","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2743171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2743171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected, yet thrombolysis outcomes in these settings are underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus through April 2024. Outcomes were 90-day functional independence (mRS 0-2), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality. Risk of bias used Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I; random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled proportions with I².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,865 records screened, 79 studies (67,917 patients; 24 countries) were included. Most used alteplase; others examined tenecteplase, recombinant prourokinase, or reteplase; eight compared low- vs standard-dose alteplase. Pooled estimates were functional independence 63% (95% CI, 58-67), sICH 4% (95% CI, 3-5), and mortality 8% (95% CI, 6-10). Functional independence was similar across continents; sICH was lowest in Asia, mortality lowest in Africa. Heterogeneity was high, partly explained by baseline stroke severity and study size. Overall risk of bias was low to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standard-dose thrombolysis within 4.5 hours in LMICs shows efficacy and safety comparable to reports from high-income countries, with regional variation in safety and mortality. These results support broader implementation of thrombolysis in resource-limited settings to reduce global stroke disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusion: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Omar Fayez Abbas, Aya Magdy Siam, Roaa Haddad, Fatma Aljalawy, Abdullah Almarfadi, Nour Aldin Tarek Ahmed, Ahmad Odeh, Ahmed Harb, Abdelrahman M Hamouda, Ram Saha, Sherief Ghozy, Adam A Dmytriw","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2745027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2745027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) accounts for a substantial proportion of acute ischemic strokes, yet the role of endovascular therapy (EVT) in this population remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception through May 2026. Randomized and comparative studies evaluating EVT versus non-EVT strategies in acute ischemic stroke due to DMVO were included. Primary outcomes were excellent functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1), functional independence (mRS 0-2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences were calculated using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six randomized controlled trials involving 2,061 patients were included. EVT did not significantly improve excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1) (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89-1.59), functional independence (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.89-1.30), independent ambulation (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86-1.09), overall survival (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.91-1.04), or reduce death or severe dependency (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.76-1.50). Ninety-day mortality was also similar between groups (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.73-1.71). Although sICH occurred more frequently with EVT, the difference did not reach statistical significance (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.98-5.46; <i>p</i> = .054); however, this estimate was sensitive to the exclusion of a single study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EVT was not associated with improved functional or survival outcomes in unselected patients with DMVO. Although sICH appeared more frequently with EVT, the difference was not statistically significant. Current evidence does not support routine EVT in unselected DMVO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silent pandemic: the overlooked toll of stroke compared to COVID-19.","authors":"Fawaz Al-Mufti, Mohamed Elfil, Eric Feldstein, Hazem S Ghaith, Signe Haughton, Angelique Balguid, Nagesh Uppuluri, Nick Bajema, John Murray, Priyank Khandelwal, Victor Urrutia, Nabeel Herial, Gabor Toth, Mohammad El-Ghanem, Krishna Amuluru, Viktor Szeder, Jonathan Crowe, Karol Budohoski, Zurab Nadareishvili, Kaustubh Limaye, Fazeel Siddiqui, Boris Pabon, Ossama Mansour, Atilla Özcan Özdemir, Houman Khosravani, Hamza Shaikh, Nishita Singh, Hesham Masoud, Sushanth R Aroor, Shashvat Desai, Pankajavalli Ramakrishnan, Fredrick Echols, Ameer Hassan, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Syed Zaidi, Mouhammad Jumaa, Thanh N Nguyen, Dileep Yavagal, Ali Alaraj, Kaiz Asif","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2741929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2741929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of buprenorphine on pain in the acute phase of patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a double-blind clinical trial.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Niazadeh, Mousa Reza Anbarloui, Mohammad Esalmian, Hamid Reza Rasouli, Fathollah Ahmadpour","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2739264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2739264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>TBI is one of the main causes of neurological, behavioral, and physiological disorders. The aim of this pilot research was to assess the efficacy and safety of using buprenorphine in treatment of mild TBI complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 36 mild TBI patients aged 18-65 years with mild TBI. Patients received either Buprenorphine (8 mg oral tablet) (18 cases), alongside standard TBI care (18 cases). Main outcome were pain intensity using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), cognition using the Working Memory Questionnaire, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and Glasgow Coma Scale at baseline, which was used for the inclusion criteria to define severity of TBI (GCS score of 10-15 being mild TBI). We follow up patients at baseline and 14 days after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant decrease in VAS scores among Buprenorphine group compared to the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.027). Both groups showed improvement in their GOSE and WMQ scores without significant differences between groups. There were no adverse effects associated with Buprenorphine use, including constipation, itching, depression, or headaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Buprenorphine is an effective drug in the relief of pain among men with mild TBI. Nevertheless, the lack of generalization to women due to the exclusive selection of men, who make up most trauma patients (motorcyclists), and the fact that the research is done as a pilot study with a short follow-up period of two weeks, no neuropsychological tests conducted, and only one domain used to test cognitive function prevents us from drawing any conclusions on this matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical exercise combined with prednisolone attenuates serum TNF-α expression in a rat model of epileptic seizures: an experimental and <i>in silico</i> study of candidate regulatory microRNAs.","authors":"Laura Gentilin Grotto, Júlia Catarina Vieira Reuwsaat, Muriel Schilling Krohn, Mariana Rost Meireles, Gabriel De Lima Rosa, Lívia Kmetzsch, Adriana Simon Coitinho","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2739261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2739261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Epilepsy is frequently associated with neuroinflammation, in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promotes excitotoxicity and neuronal hyperexcitability. We evaluated whether physical exercise, alone or combined with prednisolone, modulates peripheral TNF-α mRNA expression in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure model, and applied in silico approaches to identify candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) potentially regulating TNF-α.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum from male Wistar rats submitted to a PTZ-seizure and treadmill-exercise protocol (exercise + saline, exercise + prednisolone, sedentary + diazepam, and naïve groups) was analyzed by qRT-PCR using the 2^-ΔCt method. Experimentally validated miRNA-TNF-α interactions were retrieved from miRTarBase and TarBase, cross-referenced with IL-1β-targeting miRNAs, and assessed for 3'UTR conservation across mammalian species; competing circRNA interactions were searched in circRNAdisease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum TNF-α expression was lower in the exercise + prednisolone group than in the exercise + saline group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating an additional reduction relative to exercise alone. Twenty-nine miRNAs targeting TNF-α were identified, four of which (hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-124-3p, and hsa-miR-149-5p) also targeted IL-1β. hsa-miR-149-5p showed the highest binding-site conservation (92.9%), and no brain-expressed circRNA competing for it was documented in current databases.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Among exercised PTZ-treated rats, serum TNF-α mRNA levels were lower in animals receiving prednisolone than in those receiving saline. The <i>in silico</i> findings are hypothesis-generating and highlight hsa-miR-149-5p as a prioritized computational candidate warranting experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative treatment outcomes of management modalities for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 6,124 patients.","authors":"Donald Ogolo, Kelechi Ndukuba, Obioma Akwada, Sunday Nnama, Sunday Achebe, Samuel Ohaegbulam","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2026.2741676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2026.2741676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimal management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial, with conflicting evidence regarding conservative versus interventional approaches, particularly following the ARUBA trial. This meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive, grade-individualized outcomes across treatment modalities to guide clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of 16 studies (n = 6,124 patients) comparing conservative management, microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), embolization, and hybrid therapy. Primary outcomes were hemorrhage risk and obliteration rates; secondary outcomes included functional status (mRS ≥2), new-onset seizures, and mortality. .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microsurgery achieved the highest obliteration rates (99% for Spetzler-Martin [SM] I-II, 86% for SM-III) and lowest hemorrhage risk (0.6%/yr for SM I-II, 1.3%/yr for SM-III), with superior functional outcomes (8% disability [95% CI 5-11%] vs. 11% for conservative management; p = 0.04). SRS showed moderate efficacy (76% obliteration for SM I-II, 47% for SM III-IV) with higher latency-period hemorrhage risk (1.1-2.1%/yr) and disability rates comparable to conservative management (13% [95% CI 10-16%]; p = 0.18). New-onset seizures occurred in 9.1% of microsurgery and 4.9% of SRS cases. Mortality was low across treatments (1-2%), with conservative management at 1.1% and SRS at 1.6%. Conservative management had a 1.9-2.6%/yr hemorrhage risk without procedural morbidity.  .</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the available published evidence, microsurgery was associated with the most favourable pooled outcomes for operable SM I-II AVMs, including high obliteration rates, lower haemorrhage rates, and favourable functional outcomes, despite a higher seizure risk. SRS remains an important treatment option for inoperable lesions, while conservative management appears reasonable for high-grade AVMs in the absence of high-risk features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for mortality in surgically treated patients with acute subdural hematoma.","authors":"Shilong Fu, Zongping Wu, Guofeng Wang","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2566228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2566228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite prompt surgical intervention, acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) following traumatic brain injury has a high mortality rate. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for mortality in patients with ASDH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with ASDH who underwent neurosurgical treatment from January 2016 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were identified using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive value of admission NLR and to determine its optimal cutoff value. Using the identified predictors, we further assessed and compared the prognostic performance of a basic model (excluding NLR) with that of a full model (including NLR) via ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 161 included patients, 37.3% did not survive 30 days after surgery. The independent prognostic factors were preoperative bilateral pupillary dilation, lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and higher admission NLR. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the NLR in predicting 30-day mortality was 0.713 (95% confidence interval: 0.627-0.799), with an optimal cutoff value of 9.888 yielding a sensitivity of 0.6 and a specificity of 0.792. The predictive performance of the full model incorporating NLR surpassed that of the basic model containing only GCS score and pupillary dilation (AUC: 0.928 vs. 0.907, <i>p</i> = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Admission NLR is easily calculated and can predict 30-day mortality of surgically treated patients with ASDH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1341-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRT1 activates autophagy through Smad3 deacetylation and inhibits microglia activation to relieve SCI.","authors":"Hongbo Chen, Rongmei Li, Ya Li, Baocai Hong, Xiongli Fu, Pinwen Tu, Chaochao Yang, Yongqian Deng, Yang Zhang, Shaokun Lv","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2571945","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2571945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the state of spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia over-activate and release inflammatory factors, which aggravate SCI. The neuroprotective factor known as sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is intricately linked to the activation of BV2. This research examined the influence of SIRT1-regulated activation of BV2 on SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Activation of BV2 cells was triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a SCI rat model was created using laminectomy. The condition of SCI in the rats was assessed through HE and Nissl staining. The levels of related genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blotting, and immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that following SCI, there was an increase in microglial activation alongside a notable decrease in SIRT1 expression. The overexpression of SIRT1 effectively reduced microglial activation. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms indicated that SIRT1 exerts its effects by inhibiting Smad3 via deacetylation, and promotes autophagy, which in turn helps to reduce microglial activation and mitigate the progression of SCI. Moreover, impairing autophagy was observed to enhance microglial activation. Additionally, in vivo studies illustrated that the activation of SIRT1 can improve the underlying pathophysiology of SCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SIRT1 activates autophagy through Smad3 deacetylation and inhibits microglia activation to relieve SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1467-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145391652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng protein improves the subacute Parkinson's model.","authors":"Yuting Zhao, Ning Xu, Lily Liang, Wenhui Lian, Bo Pang, Jie Li, Jinnan Zhang, Tianxia Sun, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2568034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2568034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the ameliorative effect of total ginseng protein (GP) on Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo and in vitro and its effect on the intestinal flora.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the in vitro studies, PC12 cells were treated with 1 mM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+), and C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at a concentration of 35 mg∙kg^-1. Cell activity, behavioral, brain histopathology, and intestinal flora analyses were performed to investigate the ameliorative effects of long-term feeding of low, medium, and high doses of GP on the MPTP-induced subacute PD model in C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro, GP (20-100 μg·mL^{- 1}) showed no toxicity to PC12 cells. MPP⁺ (1.0 mM, 12 h) reduced cell viability to 71.9% (^<i>##</i><i>p</i> < 0.01), while GP treatment (24 h) reversed MPP⁺ -induced apoptosis, elevating survival rates by 14.4-29.3% (^<i>***</i><i>p</i> < 0.001). Behavioral tests in subacute PD mice revealed medium-dose GP (GPM) significantly improved rod-climbing duration and rotarod latency (^<i>*</i><i>p</i> < 0.05). Antioxidant assays showed GPM enhanced total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity (^<i>*</i><i>p</i> < 0.05) while reducing lipid oxidation. Histopathological analysis indicated GP restored hippocampal CA1 neuron integrity and upregulated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression (^<i>***</i><i>p</i> < 0.001) while suppressing α-synuclein (α-Syn) (^<i>**</i><i>p</i> < 0.01~^<i>***</i><i>p</i> < 0.001). Intestinal flora analysis demonstrated GP modulated microbial diversity (Chao1/Shannon indices), with GPM shifting community structure closer to controls (PCoA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GP has an ameliorative effect on MPP±injured PC12 cells and improves behavioral disorders, brain and intestinal histopathological injuries, and intestinal flora disorders in subacute PD model C57BL/6 mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1442-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}