Neurological Research最新文献

{"title":"U-shaped relationship between body mass index and intracerebral hemorrhage-related functional decline.","authors":"Yuji Kanejima, Masato Ogawa, Kodai Ishihara, Naofumi Yoshida, Michikazu Nakai, Koshiro Kanaoka, Yoko Sumita, Takuo Emoto, Yoshitada Sakai, Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Tomoya Yamashita, Kenichi Hirata, Kazuhiro P Izawa","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2472843","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2472843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) is associated with the sites of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which affect functional decline. However, the optimal BMI range for minimizing functional decline remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between BMI and ICH-related functional decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ICH survivors registered in the Japanese Registry Of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Diagnosis Procedure Combination (JROAD-DPC) database from April 2016 to March 2020 were included. BMI was categorized according to the World Health Organization Asia-Pacific classification. The primary outcome was ICH-related functional decline, defined as an increase in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge compared to pre-stroke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 155,211 patients with ICH, with a mean BMI of 22.3 kg/m². Among these patients, 74.1% experienced ICH-related functional decline. The overweight group (23.0 < BMI ≤ 25.0 kg/m²) exhibited the lowest rate of functional decline (Odds ratio: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94). The relationship between BMI and ICH-related functional decline followed a U-shaped curve, indicating that a BMI range of 22.2-30.4 kg/m² was associated with reduced odds of functional decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with ICH, both extremely low and high BMIs were associated with a higher likelihood of functional decline post-ICH onset. Maintaining a BMI within the range of 22.2-30.4 kg/m² may be beneficial for reducing the risk of functional decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of the AMPK signaling pathway in preventing CCI-induced neuropathy in rats: focus on anti-inflammatory effects.","authors":"Amin Hasanvand, Maryam Ghandinezhad, Mohammadjavad Nourmohammadi, Fatemeh Hatami, Behrouz Beiranvand, Zahra Haghighatian, Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand, Ali Kharazmkia","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2486523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2486523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It has been shown that the AMPK signaling pathway helps maintain the structure of nerve cells and prevent damage caused by hypoxia by preserving the energy available in these cells. This signaling pathway is activated by various drugs, including metformin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, thirty male rats were randomly divided into healthy rats, CCI (chronic constriction injury), CCI + metformin, CCI + dorsomorphin, and CCI + metformin + dorsomorphin groups. Behavioral tests were performed on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after the induction of CCI. On the last day, the inflammatory cytokines and pathology were investigated after dissecting the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of the animals, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study indicated that metformin could improve performance in behavioral tests and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Histological analyses further revealed that metformin could decrease inflammation and necrosis in sciatic nerve tissue. Notably, this effect was observed despite dorsomorphin injection, which prevented the therapeutic effects of metformin in the fifth group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study indicated that stimulation of the AMPK signaling pathway could effectively preserve the structure of the sciatic nerve, reduce inflammation, and improve responses to behavioral tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate dietary flavonoid intake associated with lower prevalence of Parkinson's disease: data from the NHANES 2007-2010 and 2017-2018.","authors":"Shanshan Gong, Yuchang Fei","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2482753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2482753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between dietary flavonoids and the prevalence of PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary flavonoid intake was assessed through a two-day, 24-hour dietary recall method, and PD diagnosis was ascertained by the presence of 'Anti-Parkinson agents' among the reported prescription medications. Logistic regression, subgroup, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to analyze the connection between dietary flavonoids and PD prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed a correlation between the consumption of dietary total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols, and PD risk. Subgroup analysis indicated a negative correlation of dietary flavan-3-ols and total flavonoids with PD risk only among non-obese participants. Furthermore, our analysis using RCS demonstrated a nonlinear association between dietary flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and PD prevalence. We found that the optimal intake of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols wase 403.65 mg/day,346 mg/day and 26.74 mg/day, respectively. Above these thresholds, the risk of developing PD is elevated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights a significant association between moderate dietary intake of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols, and a reduced risk of PD. Our work may provide new therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of PD and provide dietary flavonoid intake recommendations for PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histone demethylase KDM6B promotes glioma cell proliferation by increasing <i>PDGFRA</i> expression via chromatin loop formation.","authors":"Aixia Sui, Xiaoqiang Guo","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2480326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2480326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Changes in gene expression pattern play an essential role in promoting the process of cancer. For example, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (<i>PDGFRA</i>) is overexpressed in many cancers, including gliomas. Abnormal histone methylation is a typical characteristics of glioma, and our previous studies have shown that histone lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) is involved in glioma development by regulating the expression of specific oncogenes. In this study, the regulatory effect and underlying mechanism of KDM6B on <i>PDGFRA</i> expression were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression information of KDM6B and <i>PDGFRA</i> in patients with glioma was analyzed in GEPIA database. The expression or activity of KDM6B was regulated with CRISPR interference/activation (CRISPRi/a) assays, gene knockdown and specific inhibitor. Cell proliferation was determined using cell counting kit assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and ChIP-loop assays were used to determine the H3K27me3 status in the <i>PDGFRA</i> promoter and DNA-DNA interactions mediated by KDM6B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of KDM6B and <i>PDGFRA</i> expression is positively correlated in gliomas. CRISPRi/a assays indicated that KDM6B has a positive regulatory role in <i>PDGFRA</i> expression in glioma cells and can promote glioma cell proliferation. KDM6B knockdown and inhibitor assays further proved that KDM6B promotes <i>PDGFRA</i> expression. ChIP assays indicated KDM6B reduces H3K27me3 level in the <i>PDGFRA</i> promoter. The ChIP-loop assays showed KDM6B increases the formation of chromatin loops, which facilitates the proximity of enhancer and promoter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals a new epigenetic mechanism of <i>PDGFRA</i> overexpression in glioma cells, that is, KDM6B catalyzes the demethylation of H3K27me3 and induces chromatin loop formation to activate <i>PDGFRA</i> expression. This study is of great significance for the understanding of glioma development and the application of new treatment strategies, such as radiation therapy combined with epigenetic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentations of post ischemic and post traumatic brain injury scars associated seizures.","authors":"Vishal Chavda, Vimal Patel, Parmar Harisinh Vajesinh, Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez, Gervith Reyes-Soto, Creed M Stary, Nicola Montemurro","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2482755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2482755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Deep scarring inside the temporal lobe of the brain commonly causes focal seizures and structural epilepsy. Temporal herniation/protrusion including encephaloceles deduced by head and skull injury causes refractory epilepsy. In addition to debilitating seizures, epilepsy can cause cognitive and emotional problems with reduced quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The major aim is to prevent the disorder in the first place: identify, detect, and reverse the processes responsible for its onset, and monitor and treat its progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epilepsy often occurs following a latent period of months to years (epileptogenesis) because of brain insults, such as head trauma, stroke, or status epilepticus. Although this latent period clearly represents a therapeutic window, we are not able to stratify patients at risk for long-term epilepsy, which is prerequisite for preventative clinical trials. Moreover, because of the length of the latent period, an early biomarker for treatment response would be of high value. Finally, mechanistic biomarkers of epileptogenesis may provide more profound insight into the process of disease development.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review discussed the pathophysiology associated with glial cells in scar epileptogenesis, neurological manifestations, clinical interventions, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced expression of miR-128 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a potent candidate diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Hossein Akhgari, Alireza Ahmadi, Abedeh Rezaei, Ali Mohammadi, Reza Safaralizadeh","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2481443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2481443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Millions of people worldwide, especially young adults, are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating and autoimmune condition of the central nervous system (CNS). Many studies have focused on the diagnostic value of miRNAs circulating in body fluids of MS patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the expression of miR-128 and its potential as a biomarker for MS in the Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study recruited 85 MS patients and 30 healthy matched controls. Following the collection of blood samples, serum was isolated. RNA was then extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and miR-128 expression was measured by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant overexpression of miR-128 in MS patients in comparison with healthy controls (p-value <0.0001). In addition, there was a rather notable association between the subtypes of MS samples and the expression levels of miR-128. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.9111 (95%CI 0.85-0.97, p-value <0.0001) with sensitivity and specificity of 80.00% and 93.33%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of miR-128 was significantly higher in PBMCs of MS patients in comparison with healthy controls. Additionally, miR-128 could be an excellent biomarker for MS patient diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between sympathetic skin response and RR interval variation with the prognosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome patients.","authors":"Behnaz Ansari, Mahdiyeh Gholipoor Khotbesara, Keivan Basiri","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2476514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2476514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory disorder causing severe disability and death. The sympathetic skin response (SSR) and RR interval variability are non-invasive tests that measure autonomic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of SSR and RR interval variation with prognosis in patients with GBS in Isfahan, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed 32 patients with GBS in Iran between 2023 and 2024. Patients underwent EMG-NCV during their hospitalization, measuring SSR and RR interval variation. Patients' GBS disability scores were calculated and recorded on the day of hospital discharge and one month after. Gender distribution, types of GBS, intubation status, length of ICU and ward stay, GBS disability scores, and plasmapheresis volume are also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 19 patients (59.3%), both SSR and RR interval variability were abnormal. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without autonomic dysfunction (AD) for the variables compared. There were no significant differences between groups with normal and abnormal SSR and between groups with normal and abnormal RR interval variation. Age and intubation status significantly affect GBS disability scores at discharge and one month after discharge, while gender does not significantly impact any outcomes. Many variables, such as age, gender, type of GBS, intubation status, and lengths of stay, do not show significant differences between the compared groups based on AD, SSR, and RR interval variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the lack of correlation between AD, SSR, and RR interval variation in patients with GBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is artificial intelligence successful in the Turkish neurology board exam?","authors":"Ayse Betul Acar, Ece Yanik, Emine Altin, Ozlem Kurtkaya Kocak","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2481444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2481444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>OpenAI declared that GPT-4 performed better in academic and certain specialty areas. Medical licensing exams assess the clinical competence of doctors. We aimed to investigate for the first time howChatGPT will perform in the Turkish Neurology Proficiency Exam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TheGPT-4 version of ChatGPT was used in the study due to the presence ofimage-based questions. The multiple-choice sections of the TurkishNeurology Proficiency Exams conducted by the Turkish NeurologyAssociation (TND) in 2021, 2022 and 2023 were applied to ChatGPT-4.Questions and multiple-choice answers were used in their originalTurkish forms in the official national examination standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate in all three exams ranges from 79% to 82%. There were common and different mistakes in the two trials. When the incorrect answers were re-evaluated, the correct answers were obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to investigate the performance of ChatGPT on the real Neurology Proficiency Examination. The success rate was shown to be above GPT-3.5. Furthermore, this study showed that translating questions from the original language into English did not affect the performance of GPT-4 in medical licensing exams, unlike GPT-3.5. It is therefore very important that the information obtained is accurate and verifiable. ChatGPT-4's ability to find the correct answer with feedback on questions that it initially answered incorrectly may be due to the model's ability to generate flexible and adaptive answers.These models should be used carefully and consciously, knowing that they will not always give the correct answer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-spot step test under three different task conditions to assess dual-task ability in people with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Özge Ertekin, Zuhal Abasıyanık, Turhan Kahraman, Seda Daştan, Serkan Özakbaş","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2480325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2480325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Six-Spot Step Test (SSST) is a valid measure to assess the ability of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) to maintain balance whilst challenging stability during walking. This study aimed to compare the performance of three different SSST conditions in pwMS and healthy controls (HC) and to explore whether incorporating cognitive tasks into the SSST improves its discriminative capacity by increasing cognitive load.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two pwMS (median EDSS = 1.75) and 19 HC were recruited. Participants performed the SSST under three different task conditions: conventional SSST, SSST with word-list generation task (WLG), and SSST with the serial-7 backward task. The dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated for two cognitive task conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference across different SSST conditions in both groups. There was also significant condition*group interaction [F (2,132) = 3.69, <i>p</i> = 0.028, η² = 0.053]. PwMS completed all SSST conditions in a longer duration compared to HC. The DTC of SSST with backward and WLG tasks was greater in the MS group than in HC. However, there was no significant differences in the number of correct answers during the dual-task conditions between pwMS and HC. All three conditions showed excellent discriminative ability between pwMS and HC (Area Under Curve value > 0.8).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The SSST had the ability to discriminate between pwMS and HC in both conventional method and with secondary cognitive task. The SSST could be used to evaluate early walking and dual-task deficits even in pwMS with mild disability for future research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of various exercise training modalities on balance, gait and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Hakan Polat, Serkan Usgu","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2481427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2481427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the long-term effects of vestibular exercises (VE), cervical stabilization exercises (CSE) and standard balance exercises (SBE) on balance, gait and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five patients were randomly allocated to three groups, performing different exercises three days a week for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline, at Week 12 and at a 6-month follow-up using the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Four-Square Step Test (FSST), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 weeks, both CSE and VE groups improved on FRT and 2MWT, with the CSE group also experiencing improvements on FSST, TUG, and FIS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The SBE group showed no significant changes. At 6 months, FRT, FSST, and 2MWT improvements persisted in the VE group, while the CSE group-maintained TUG and FIS gains. The VE group had superior FRT at 6 months, while the CSE group showed greater FSST improvements at 12 weeks. The VE group exhibited greater 2MWT improvements than the CSE group at 6 months, while the CSE group had better TUG results at both timepoints. Both CSE and VE groups showed greater reductions in fatigue (FIS) than the SBE group at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>VE provide long-term benefits for balance and gait speed, while CSE enhance gait endurance and postural control during training. Both modalities contribute to long-term fatigue reduction. SBE are less effective, highlighting the need for targeted interventions such as VE and CSE for sustained improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}