Neurological Research最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in cerebral cavernous malformations: a scoping review.","authors":"Alejandro N Santos, Vigneshwar Venkatesh, Seevakan Chidambaram, Guilherme Piedade Santos, Bashar Dawoud, Laurèl Rauschenbach, Anis Choucha, Safiye Bingöl, Tamara Wipplinger, Christoph Wipplinger, Adrian M Siegel, Philipp Dammann, Amal Abou-Hamden","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2561735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2561735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being applied in medical research, including studies on cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). This scoping review aims to analyze the scope and impact of AI in CCM, focusing on diagnostic tools, risk assessment, biomarker identification, outcome prediction, and treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search across different databases, reviewing articles that explore AI applications in CCM. Articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria and categorized according to their primary focus: drug discovery, diagnostic imaging, genetic analysis, biomarker identification, outcome prediction, and treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, showcasing diverse AI applications in CCM. Nearly half (47%) were cohort or prospective studies, primarily focused on biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Technical notes and diagnostic studies accounted for 27%, concentrating on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and drug screening. Other studies included a conceptual review on AI for surgical planning and a systematic review confirming ML's superiority in predicting clinical outcomes within neurosurgery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AI applications in CCM show significant promise, particularly in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, risk assessment, and surgical planning. These advancements suggest that AI could transform CCM management, offering pathways to improved patient outcomes and personalized care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD3+ T cell depletion paradoxically worsens intracerebral hemorrhage through blood-brain barrier disruption.","authors":"Chunying Zhu, Yingfu Zhang, Tianci Zhang, Huan Wang, Xinjun Shan, Liang Yan, Yongmei Hao","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2559307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2559307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess the involvement of CD3+ T cells in the early stage of cerebral hemorrhage and investigate how depleting CD3+ T cells affects brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We proposed that CD3+ T cell infiltration aggravates hemorrhagic brain injury and observed the changes in brain injury by consuming these cells through the administration of anti-CD3 antibodies. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg of purified anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 24 hours prior to the induction of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), with IgG antibody serving as the control. Results: Compared to the sham group, the ICH+IgG group showed a significant infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells into the brain. This group also displayed elevated mNSS scores, a reduction in Nissl bodies, brain tissue disorganization, increased AQP4 protein expression, worsened brain edema, impaired BBB integrity, heightened inflammation, and decreased cerebral perfusion. Unexpectedly, depleting CD3+ T cells led to a reduction of these cells in both the circulation and brain, with CD4+ T cells being decreased, whereas CD8+ T cells showed an increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD3+ T cell infiltration can aggravate brain injury related to cerebral hemorrhage, while extensive consumption of CD3+ T cells disrupts immune homeostasis and further exacerbates the injury. Precise regulation of T cell subsets rather than total depletion may be a key strategy for ICH immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federated deep learning model for epilepsy seizure detection using electroencephalogram (EEG) signal.","authors":"G R Abijith, S Jothi, Chandrasekar A","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2555516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2555516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity, which affects individuals' health and quality of life. Traditional seizure detection methods face challenges related to data privacy and security as well as difficulty in fully capturing both temporal and spatial relationships within the Electroencephalography signal. To address these limitations, a Federated Learning Enabled Unified Transformer model is proposed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Federated Learning with Paillier Homomorphic Encryption is deployed for preserving data privacy and enabling collaborative model training. Adaptive noise filtering and Independent Component Analysis are deployed to remove the noise and artifacts. The Multi-Scale Wavelet Coefficient is applied for signal decomposition that effectively extracts seizure-related features by decomposing Electroencephalography signals into multiple sub-bands. The Hybrid Graph-Based Attention Framework integrated Edge-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Networks for spatial feature extraction and Spectral Graph Attention for frequency-based feature selection, and refining feature representation for improving the classification accuracy. Further, the proposed technique utilizes a Unified Transformer model for seizure classification that efficiently captures temporal and spatial dependencies in Electroencephalography signals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed model is validated on three datasets and attains 98.91% accuracy, 98.93% security, and 98.82% precision. The simulation outcomes indicate that the Federated Learning Enabled Unified Transformer model achieved outstanding performance when compared to existing models.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The Federated Learning Enabled Unified Transformer model provided a superior performance by integrating Federated learning and hybrid Deep Learning models. It ensures that the model is more suitable for healthcare users.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes promote neurological recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage via AMPK/mTOR-mediated TFEB activation.","authors":"Ming Liu, Song Li, Liang Wu, Meiqiu Liu, Cao Zeng, Jianchen Shen, Zhiji Cai, Jian Yin, Guanghui Wu","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2559309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2559309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common neurologically devastating disorder, and existing treatment options remain very limited. Increasing evidence has confirmed the neuroprotective effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Our work investigates that adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) exert therapeutic effects against SAH through autophagy-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An intracerebral perforation method was used to establish a rat SAH model. Then we injected PBS containing 50 µg, 100 µg, or 200 µg of exosomes. Rat neurological deficits and brain water content were assessed. Additionally, brain tissues were collected for Nissl staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we utilized oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to induce an in vitro SAH model in primary neurons. BML-275 (an AMPK inhibitor) was administered to explore the mechanism of ADSC-Exos-induced autophagy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADSC-Exos reduced neurological deficits and brain water content in rats with SAH, while also inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with ADSC-Exos led to an increase in Beclin1 and LC3 levels. Both Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the TFEB nuclear translocation activated after ADSC-Exos treatment. What's more, the level of P-AMPKα/AMPK was increased and P-MTOR/mTOR was decreased. On the other hand, the administration of BML-275 was able to reverse these effects of ADSC-Exos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, these results suggest that ADSC-Exos may exert neuroprotective effects in the SAH rat model through autophagy pathways, involving AMPK/mTOR-dependent TFEB nuclear translocation that induces autophagy. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for SAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation with Vycor Tubular Retractor: A Multicenter Case Series.","authors":"Laureen Raelly-Muze, Thomas Tyler Patterson, Anthony Diaz, Ketan Bulsara, Justin Mascitelli","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2556960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2556960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To share our experience with Vycor tubular retractor-assisted ICH evacuation, a minimally invasive para-fascicular technique, across two institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2022 and 2024, 10 patients (7 males, 3 females) ages 26-78 years, underwent ICH evacuation using Vycor tubular retractors (Vycor Medical Inc, Boca Raton, FL) at two institutions. Baseline patient characteristics and treatment variables were collected from electronic medical records (EMR). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), ICH, and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded. We analyzed pre- and post-evacuation ICH volumes, time from symptom onset to surgery, surgery duration, and hospital length of stay (LOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had a pre-morbid mRS score of 0. The average GCS was 9.1 and NIHSS was 16.8. The mean preoperative ICH volume was 42.6 mL, reduced to 11.1 mL postoperatively. Surgical duration averaged 117.8 min, and the mean time from symptom onset to surgery was 15.1 h. Postoperatively, ICH volume was reduced by 83%. There were no complications related to the technique but one patient had an episode of rebleeding requiring an open evacuation. Patients had an average ICU stay of 13 days and a total LOS of 17.3 days. The average mRS score at discharge was 4.9, increasing to 5.5 at 90 days.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate feasibility utilizing Vycor tubes for deep ICH evacuation with excellent radiographic results in a small cohort, although clinical outcomes remained poor. With the ENRICH trial primarily driven by results of cortical ICH evacuation, surgical evacuation of deep ICH remains an open question.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sabinene confers protection against cerebral ischemia in rats: potential roles of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and astrocyte-neurotrophic support.","authors":"Esther O Ozah, Benneth Ben-Azu, Joseph Chimezie, Faith B Friday, Daniel T Esuku, Bienose S Chijioke, Prosper Iwhiwhu, Ayereoghene S Moses, Miracle K Nekabari, Obukohwo M Oyovwi, Vivian O Ojiakor, Abayomi M Ajayi","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2561736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2561736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ischemic stroke is a chronic neurological disorder that causes death and disability worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that extravasations of substrates alter astrocytic and neurotrophic activity through oxidative and inflammatory pathways, with significant implications for the severity of ischemic stroke. Hence, agents with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may benefit disease treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We investigated the anti-stroke properties of sabinene, a monoterpene compound with neuroprotective properties, in rats with bilateral common-carotid artery occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAO/R)-induced cerebral ischemia. Male rats, grouped into sham, BCCAO/R, sabinene (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and rivaroxaban (2.5 mg/kg) cohorts, underwent 30 min of BCCAO and 24 h of reperfusion. The consequences on neurological scores, motor activity and coordination, peripheral glucose, neurochemical enzyme - acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative, nitrergic, and inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, which are critically affected during ischemic stroke, were characterized. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), indicative of astrocytic dysfunction and synaptopathy, were investigated in these brain regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BCCAO/R significantly induced neurological deficits, motor and cognitive impairments, which were reversed by sabinene relative to the BCCAO/R group. Biochemical assays revealed that sabinene increased glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidants in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, alongside decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite contents in these brain regions. Sabinene reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, accompanied by increased BDNF in the three brain regions. BCCAO/R-induced upregulation of GFAP concentrations was most notably reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Sabinene protects the brain against BCCAO/R-induced stroke in rats via antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and astrocyte-neurotrophic support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nationwide analysis of acute ischemic stroke in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: the needle in a haystack.","authors":"Galadu Subah, Rohan Patel, Ariel Sacknovitz, Michael Fortunato, Zachary Vazquez, Yomna Hammouda, Anaz Uddin, Austin Li, Aiden K Lui, Sunny Chi, Kevin Clare, Esewi Aifuwa, Jude Al-Mufti, Brittany Russo, Ahya Ali, Hosam Al-Jehani, Chaitanya Medicherla, Sarah C Parauda, Stephanie Gandelman, Stephan Mayer, Chirag Gandhi, Fawaz Al-Mufti","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2554920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2554920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A significantly increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is well documented among patients diagnosed with various malignancies. Cancer patients face nearly double the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) compared to the general population. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoma cells within the vasculature of organs. Occurring in <0.5 per 1,000,000 persons, it is exceptionally rare. This study investigates AIS occurrence in IVLBCL patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried from the period of 2010-2019 using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9th and 10th edition codes to identify patients admitted for AIS either with or without IVLBCL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 44 cases of IVLBCL among 705,928 AIS patients. We found that IVLBCL patients who experienced AIS were generally older (74.5 vs. 70.15 years, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), had less severe strokes (0.33 vs. 0.47, <i>p</i> < 0.01), longer hospital stays (12.22 vs. 5.99 days, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and received similar treatments compared to non-IVBCL AIS cases. Multivariate regression identified age at AIS admission, hypertension, and substance abuse as significant predictors of AIS in IVLBCL patients (all: OR > 1.0, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While limited by database constraints and IVLBCL's rarity, this study highlights the potential link between IVLBCL and AIS. These findings not only emphasize the importance of vigilance and preventive measures in managing the health of cancer patients but also suggest potential avenues for enhancing patient care and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin and aerobic training mitigate cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via miR-21 and miR-133 modulation in the rat hippocampus.","authors":"Nina Alipour Ghazichaki, Ghasem Torabi Pelet Kale, Seyede Azam Hosseini, Fateme Noori, Mina Fallah, Ahmad Abdi, Omidreza Salehi","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2553145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2553145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the eight-week concomitant effects of aerobic training (AT) and curcumin (Cu) supplementation on the oxidant-antioxidant pathway and apoptosis in the hippocampus of cadmium (Cd)-exposed male Wistar rats, specifically focusing on miR-21 and miR-133.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8 per group): 1) Control ©, 2) Cadmium (Cd), 3) Cd+Cu, 4) Cd+AT, and 5) Cd+Cu+AT. Groups 2-5 received 5 mg/kg/day of cadmium via drinking water. AT groups engaged in an 8-week aerobic exercise regimen, five sessions per week. Furthermore, groups 3 and 5 received 160 µL/kg/day of curcumin orally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cd exposure significantly disrupted the oxidant-antioxidant balance (decreased SOD and GPx, increased MDA; all <i>p</i> < 0.001) and elevated the Bax/BCL-2 ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The combination of AT and Cu markedly counteracted these effects; SOD and GPx levels significantly increased, while MDA showed a significant decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, this combined intervention notably reduced P53 expression and the Bax/BCL-2 ratio (both <i>p</i> < 0.001), demonstrating a robust protective effect against cadmium toxicity. Importantly, regarding microRNAs, the Cd+AT+Cu group exhibited a significant reduction in miR-21 and a significant increase in miR-133 compared to the Cd group (both <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both aerobic training and curcumin alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Curcumin alone demonstrated a more pronounced effect than aerobic training. However, the combined intervention of aerobic training and curcumin exhibited remarkable synergistic effects, significantly improving antioxidant status and reducing apoptosis compared to individual treatments and cadmium exposure alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ameliorates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer disease mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid raft formation through AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway.","authors":"Shixing Wu, Wei Liu, Changying Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2559431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2559431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is known for its anti-inflammatory and cognitive improvement effects. However, its potential to alleviate neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's diseafse (AD) has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to investigate the effects of PSP on AD and clarify its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Behavioral tests were conducted using Y-maze and Morris water maze in SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Histopathological changes were assessed via ThT and TUNEL staining. Immunofluorescence co-localization and ELISA measured amyloid β-protein (Aβ) levels and inflammatory cytokines. Microglia and astrocyte activation were detected by immunohistochemistry. Oxidative stress and the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway were examined through Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAMP8 mice exhibited impaired learning and memory, significantly improved by PSP. PSP reduced amyloid plaque load, neuroinflammation, microglia/astrocyte activation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis in SAMP8 mice. PSP inhibited Aβ production and lipid raft formation in the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial membrane. Activation of the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway was observed, with AMPK inhibition reducing PSP's protective effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSP alleviates neurotoxicity in AD model mice by inhibiting ER stress and lipid raft formation via the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-subject gray matter networks in patients with early- to late-stage Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Yoko Shigemoto, Hiroshi Matsuda, Norihide Maikusa, Miho Ota, Yukio Kimura, Hiroyuki Maki, Risa Kagaya, Tomoki Imokawa, Yohei Mukai, Yuji Takahashi, Noriko Sato","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2561116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2561116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although recent advances in network analysis have enabled individual assessment of brain networks using gray matter images, only a few studies have used gray matter networks in Parkinson's disease (PD) and were limited to a few patients with early-stage PD. We aimed to investigate gray matter network alterations and their correlation with clinical parameters, including disease severity and nigrostriatal degeneration, in patients with early- to late-stage PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 258 patients with PD and 406 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). The gray matter networks were constructed from three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. Global and local network properties were analyzed using a graph-theoretical approach, and their correlations with disease severity, motor disability, and nigrostriatal degeneration were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, patients with PD exhibited decreased small-world properties compared to HC. The small-world properties decreased with increasing modified Hoehn and Yahr stage and negatively correlated with the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III Score in patients with PD. Furthermore, they were positively correlated with the specific binding ratio derived from dopamine transporter imaging. Locally, patients with PD show regional network abnormalities in the putamen, thalamus, brainstem, precuneus, and anterior/posterior cingulate gyri, which are primarily involved in PD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the gray matter network in patients with PD moved toward a less optimal random network than that of HC as the disease progressed. Single-subject gray matter networks may enhance understanding of the pathophysiology of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}