Nature Reviews Materials最新文献

{"title":"Decoding the halogenation cost-performance paradox in organic solar cells","authors":"Guoping Li, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00804-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00804-3","url":null,"abstract":"The power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells have now surpassed 20%, marking a considerable advance in performance. This progress raises an important question: which molecular or macromolecular modifications contribute most effectively to efficiency gains? Among these, halogenation — specifically fluorination and chlorination — has been a key driver of performance improvements, making it a particularly promising avenue for materials exploration. In this Perspective, we provide a comparative discussion of a broad range of non-halogenated and halogenated building blocks, acceptors and donors, evaluating the impact of halogenation on efficiency and scalability. We also examine critical challenges, including organic solar cell durability, large-scale manufacturability and the realistic costs associated with halogenation, positioning it as a central factor in performance optimization. Organic solar cells that use halogenated building blocks now boast power conversion efficiencies beyond 20%, albeit at the expense of increased synthetic complexity. This Perspective explores trade-offs among efficiency, scalability and cost–effectiveness in halogenated organic solar cells.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 8","pages":"617-631"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inorganic solid-state electrolyte membranes for lithium extraction","authors":"Ze-Xian Low \u0000 (, ), Qianxi Zhang \u0000 (, ), Qiuyue Wang \u0000 (, ), Zhouyou Wang \u0000 (, ), Zhaoxiang Zhong \u0000 (, ), Weihong Xing \u0000 (, ), Huanting Wang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00808-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00808-z","url":null,"abstract":"With the shift towards renewable energy, demand for lithium is surging — underscoring the need for more efficient and sustainable ways to harvest it. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes, most known for their role in all-solid-state batteries, offer largely untapped potential as ion separation membrane materials for direct lithium extraction.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"397-399"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic lattice lasers","authors":"Francisco Freire-Fernández, Sang-Min Park, Max J. H. Tan, Teri W. Odom","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00803-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00803-4","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic lattice lasers offer a promising alternative to compact sources such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. These lasers have an open-cavity design consisting of periodic lattices of metallic nanoparticles that facilitate integration with both liquid-state and solid-state gain nanomaterials. Recent advances have enabled real-time control over lasing wavelength, tunable multimodal lasing, and design of complex polarization and intensity profiles. In this Review, we summarize key developments in plasmonic lattice lasers over the past 5 years, with a focus on unconventional lattice cavities and how they can facilitate tailored lasing characteristics. We discuss strategies for realizing multicolour and multidirectional emission, the advantages of different gain materials and the challenges of reducing lasing thresholds. Although substantial progress has been made, open questions regarding fabrication precision, threshold engineering and the realization of electrically driven plasmonic lasers remain. Plasmonic lattice lasers are poised to play a critical part in next-generation technologies for optical communication, sensing and quantum applications. Plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can function as optical cavities with unique properties for next-generation nanolasers. This Review describes how plasmonic lattice lasers can exhibit tailorable emission wavelength, polarization and directionality by judicious selection of gain nanomaterials, lattice symmetries and nanoparticle compositions.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 8","pages":"604-616"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing immune response in semiconducting polymers through molecular design","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00812-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00812-3","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Materials reports on a method to reduce the foreign body response of semiconducting polymers.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"403-403"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomaterials in cellular agriculture and plant-based foods for the future","authors":"Edward B. Gordon, Inyoung Choi, Armaghan Amanipour, Yiwen Hu, Amin Nikkhah, Begum Koysuren, Champ Jones, Nitin Nitin, Reza Ovissipour, Markus J. Buehler, Nicole Tichenor Blackstone, David L. Kaplan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00800-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00800-7","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative food products are needed to address the most pressing challenges faced by the food industry: growing global food demand, health concerns, animal welfare, food security and environmental sustainability. Future foods are defined as foods with scalability and sustainability potential owing to rapidly advancing technological developments in their production systems. Key areas of study for future foods include cellular agriculture and plant-based systems, which include biomaterials as key ingredients or as structural components to impart texture, support cell growth and metabolism, and provide nutrients and organoleptic factors to food products. This Review discusses current requirements, options and processing approaches for biomaterials with utility in future foods. We focus on two main approaches: cellular agriculture wherein the cells are the key component for food (with the biomaterials utilized to support the cells via adherence and/or for texture) and plant-based foods wherein acellular plant-derived biomaterials are the food components. In both cases, the same fundamental challenges apply for the biomaterials: achieving utility at scale and low cost while meeting food safety requirements. Other considerations for biomaterials for future foods are also addressed, including sustainability, modelling, consumer acceptance, nutrition, regulatory status and safety considerations to highlight the path ahead. This emerging field of biomaterials for future foods offers a new generation of biomaterial systems that can positively impact human health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Although scaling these biomaterial sources cost-effectively presents a major challenge, substantial progress is being made, and opportunities to establish supply chains are already underway. Biomaterials have a crucial role in the development of future foods, particularly in cellular agriculture and plant-based systems. This Review addresses the current status and future requirements of biomaterials for future foods, addressing key aspects such as structure, nutrition, safety, sensory attributes, sustainability and consumer preferences.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 7","pages":"500-518"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials and device strategies to enhance spatiotemporal resolution in bioelectronics","authors":"Jing Zhang \u0000 , Zhe Cheng \u0000 , Pengju Li \u0000 , Bozhi Tian","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00798-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00798-y","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal resolution is a cornerstone of bioelectronics, enabling precise observation and control of biological events at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. In this Review, we analyse recent advancements in spatiotemporal resolution essential for applications such as neuroprosthetics, cardiac monitoring and biosensing, with a focus on devices utilizing electrical, electrochemical and optoelectronic signal transduction. We define the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of spatial and temporal resolution and highlight high-performance materials and device architectures — including electrodes, transistors and optoelectronic interfaces — that drive these capabilities. Strategies such as device miniaturization, 3D fabrication and multifunctional integration are evaluated for their capacity to improve resolution, particularly within the complex microenvironments of biological tissues. However, challenges persist, including signal interference, device stability and the demand for reliable long-term operation. Overcoming these obstacles requires continuous innovation in materials science, device engineering and computational approaches. Enhanced spatiotemporal resolution holds promise for advancing diagnostic precision, therapeutic responsiveness and our understanding of dynamic biological systems across biomedical disciplines. High spatiotemporal resolution is essential for next-generation bioelectronics, enabling precise biological monitoring and control. This Review highlights recent advances in electrical, electrochemical and optoelectronic devices, discussing key materials, architectures and strategies to enhance resolution and address critical biomedical challenges.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"425-448"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in quantifying environmental losses of plastics impede effective solutions","authors":"Vinay Yadav, Xunchang Fei, Mohit Arora, Tim H. M. van Emmerik, Yao Wang, Alexis Laurent","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00802-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00802-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing plastics losses to marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems continue to exacerbate the global environmental crisis. Variations in data, methods and assumptions across studies have led to inconsistent estimates of plastics losses and their ecological impacts. These estimates must now be improved to develop and deliver effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shell-reinforced macroporous hydrogels for bone repair","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00806-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00806-1","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications presents a hydrogel with a reinforced macroporous structure designed to guide stem cell differentiation.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 5","pages":"333-333"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing supramolecular catalytic systems for mammalian synthetic metabolism","authors":"Jingjing Han, Martin Fussenegger","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00801-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00801-6","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic biology aims to use interchangeable and independent components to develop specialized systems within cellular and cell-free environments to reconfigure natural genetic systems and create innovative tools for biomedicine and industry. Supramolecular nanocatalysts, which use various mechanisms to enhance catalytic reactions, are being explored as components of synthetic gene circuits to optimize metabolic pathways. In this Review, we discuss progress in the incorporation of supramolecular nanocatalysts into cellular systems. We focus on their design, the types of interactions that serve to maintain their supramolecular structure and especially their integration into mammalian cells, as exemplified by actual and potential applications for energy production, energy conversion and novel therapeutics. We also discuss the interactions between supramolecular nanocatalysts and cellular components in metabolic processes and the potential of such combined systems to underpin future breakthroughs in biotechnology and medicine. Supramolecular nanocatalysts, composed of peptides, chemicals and/or biogenic inorganics, mimic enzymes and offer affordable, precise medicines of the future. This Review explores their role in programming mammalian metabolism and their potential for therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 8","pages":"584-603"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilizing condensates and coacervates all the same","authors":"Ariane Vartanian","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00805-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00805-2","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Chemistry reports a library of block polymers that can form stabilizing membranes around all kinds of synthetic coacervates and biomolecular condensates.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 5","pages":"334-334"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}