Nature Reviews Materials最新文献

Organic solid-state photochromism using porous scaffolds

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4

Samraj Mollick, Jin-Chong Tan

{"title":"Organic solid-state photochromism using porous scaffolds","authors":"Samraj Mollick, Jin-Chong Tan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4","url":null,"abstract":"When exposed to light, organic photochromic molecules undergo a fast and reversible change in their electronic structure, resulting in a shift in colour. Solid-state composites of these photochromes are more resistant to environmental factors and better suited for commercial settings than their solution forms. However, solid-state matrices frequently impose geometric limitations on the photoisomerization of these compounds, reducing their photoswitching efficiency. This fundamental constraint considerably impedes the use of organic photochromes in real-world applications. A promising approach to preserving the photoswitching behaviour of organic photochromes in the solid state is to incorporate the molecules within a robust porous scaffold featuring precisely designed pores, such as a metal–organic framework, covalent organic framework, porous organic polymer or metal–organic cage. The physicochemical properties of these scaffolds — such as pore size and structure, hydrophobicity and electronic character — determine the photoswitching efficiency of the integrated photochromes and, thus, the photoresponsive behaviour of the material. There is, however, a dearth of understanding about which features of a porous matrix yield efficient solid photoswitchable materials, given a particular organic photochrome. In this Review, we address the outstanding challenges limiting solid-state photochromic materials based on organic photoswitches. We present design principles for identifying the optimal porous scaffolds for high-efficiency photochromic materials and conclude with the future opportunities of these materials.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A global policy framework for the circular use of forest biomass as building materials

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00780-8

Victor De Araujo, Maximilian Pramreiter, André Christoforo

引用次数: 0

Large language models for reticular chemistry

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00772-8

Zhiling Zheng, Nakul Rampal, Theo Jaffrelot Inizan, Christian Borgs, Jennifer T. Chayes, Omar M. Yaghi

{"title":"Large language models for reticular chemistry","authors":"Zhiling Zheng, Nakul Rampal, Theo Jaffrelot Inizan, Christian Borgs, Jennifer T. Chayes, Omar M. Yaghi","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00772-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00772-8","url":null,"abstract":"Reticular chemistry is the science of connecting molecular building units into crystalline extended structures such as metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. Large language models (LLMs), a type of generative artificial intelligence system, can augment laboratory research in reticular chemistry by helping scientists to extract knowledge from literature, design materials and collect and interpret experimental data — ultimately accelerating scientific discovery. In this Perspective, we explore the concepts and methods used to apply LLMs in research, including prompt engineering, knowledge and tool augmentation and fine-tuning. We discuss how ‘chemistry-aware’ models can be tailored to specific tasks and integrated into existing practices of reticular chemistry, transforming the traditional ‘make, characterize, use’ protocol driven by empirical knowledge into a discovery cycle based on finding synthesis–structure–property–performance relationships. Furthermore, we explore how modular LLM agents can be integrated into multi-agent laboratory systems, such as self-driving robotic laboratories, to streamline labour-intensive tasks and collaborate with chemists and how LLMs can lower the barriers to applying generative artificial intelligence and data-driven workflows to such challenging research questions as crystallization. This contribution equips both computational and experimental chemists with the insights necessary to harness LLMs for materials discovery in reticular chemistry and, more broadly, materials science.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient catalyst for alkaline water

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00776-4

Charlotte Allard

引用次数: 0

Make metal–organic frameworks safe and sustainable by design for industrial translation

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00774-6

Swaroop Chakraborty, Dhruv Menon, Iuliia Mikulska, Christian Pfrang, David Fairen-Jimenez, Superb K. Misra, Iseult Lynch

引用次数: 0

Design of oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00767-x

Bowon Lee, Yunjung Lee, Nohyun Lee, Dokyoon Kim, Taeghwan Hyeon

{"title":"Design of oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications","authors":"Bowon Lee, Yunjung Lee, Nohyun Lee, Dokyoon Kim, Taeghwan Hyeon","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00767-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00767-x","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in biomedical research owing to the numerous available synthetic approaches and highly tunable physicochemical properties, which enable diverse functions within biological systems. These nanoparticles can be broadly categorized based on their characteristics useful for biomedical applications. Magnetic oxide nanoparticles, for instance, are prominently used as contrast agents in MRI and as mediators to generate heat, mechanical force or electricity for therapy. Catalytic oxide nanoparticles can generate or eliminate reactive oxygen species, which are central to numerous biological processes. Porous oxide nanoparticles are adept at loading dye or drug molecules, making them invaluable for bioimaging and therapeutic interventions. In this Review, we highlight strategies for the fabrication and advanced engineering of oxide nanoparticles tailored for biomedical applications. We primarily focus on iron oxide, ceria and silica nanoparticles, delving into their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. We also discuss future prospects and the challenges that must be addressed to meet clinical needs.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modular lattice structures

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00778-2

Ariane Vartanian

引用次数: 0

Large-scale single MoS2 crystals unlocked

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00777-3

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Emergence of melt and glass states of halide perovskite semiconductors

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00775-5

Akash Singh, David B. Mitzi

引用次数: 0

Delivering living medicines with biomaterials

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00766-y

Tetsuhiro Harimoto, Wei-Hung Jung, David J. Mooney

引用次数: 0