Nature Reviews Materials最新文献_第3页

The state of the art in photovoltaic materials and device research 光伏材料和器件研究的最新进展

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4

Thomas Kirchartz, Genghua Yan, Ye Yuan, Brijesh K. Patel, David Cahen, Pabitra K. Nayak

{"title":"The state of the art in photovoltaic materials and device research","authors":"Thomas Kirchartz, Genghua Yan, Ye Yuan, Brijesh K. Patel, David Cahen, Pabitra K. Nayak","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00784-4","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) technology is crucial for the transition to a carbon-neutral and sustainable society. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PV materials and technologies, including mechanisms that limit PV solar-cell and module efficiencies. First, we introduce the PV effect and efficiency losses within the framework of the Shockley–Queisser model for solar-to-electrical power conversion. However, all PV technologies fall short of these idealizations in various aspects, from incomplete sunlight absorption to the loss of photocurrent and photovoltage caused by the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in the cells. Approaching the efficiency limits of PV technology requires material innovations and device designs that minimize these losses. Solar-cell research and development presents several solutions to these problems that are intimately related to the properties of the specific PV materials. To increase efficiencies beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit (around 33%) for a single junction, research has focused on producing multi-junction solar cells. Although these cells do provide higher efficiencies, there are differences in performance between individual cells and full modules in single-junction technologies when integrated into multi-junction configurations, highlighting the challenges in moving from laboratory experiments to commercial products.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The road ahead in materials and technologies for volumetric 3D printing 体积3D打印材料和技术的未来之路

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3

Paulina Nunez Bernal, Sammy Florczak, Sebastian Inacker, Xiao Kuang, Jorge Madrid-Wolff, Martin Regehly, Stefan Hecht, Yu Shrike Zhang, Christophe Moser, Riccardo Levato

{"title":"The road ahead in materials and technologies for volumetric 3D printing","authors":"Paulina Nunez Bernal, Sammy Florczak, Sebastian Inacker, Xiao Kuang, Jorge Madrid-Wolff, Martin Regehly, Stefan Hecht, Yu Shrike Zhang, Christophe Moser, Riccardo Levato","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00785-3","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric 3D printing enables the rapid fabrication of centimetre-scale objects, with the fastest techniques requiring only a few seconds. Having emerged during the past 7 years, this new family of technologies is posed to revolutionize additive manufacturing, fabricating objects and functional parts in a layerless fashion directly within a vat of material in response to optical and acoustic fields. Modern volumetric 3D printing methods are overcoming many challenges inherent to conventional layer-by-layer approaches, the standard in research and industry for the past 40 years. This Review focuses on identifying upcoming challenges and research directions in materials chemistry and process engineering to move volumetric 3D printing from its infancy to its broader adoption. Recent advances include the development of techniques based on optical tomography, light and acoustic holography, xolography, multiwavelength and upconversion-mediated printing, as well as the introduction of materials with custom-designed properties. Promising applications in the development of optical and photonic components, rapid prototyping, soft robotics and bioprinting of living cells are discussed along with a vision for the evolution of volumetric manufacturing towards a broadly accessible technology platform.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topological fibres expand the horizons of fibre materials 拓扑纤维拓展了纤维材料的视野

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00791-5

Hanwei Wang, Cheng Zeng, Qingfeng Sun, Huiqiao Li

引用次数: 0

2D non-layered crystals with high hole mobility enter the scene 具有高空穴迁移率的二维非分层晶体进入场景

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00794-2

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0

Context dependence in assembly code for supramolecular peptide materials and systems 超分子肽材料和系统汇编代码中的上下文依赖性

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6

Kübra Kaygisiz, Deborah Sementa, Vignesh Athiyarath, Xi Chen, Rein V. Ulijn

{"title":"Context dependence in assembly code for supramolecular peptide materials and systems","authors":"Kübra Kaygisiz, Deborah Sementa, Vignesh Athiyarath, Xi Chen, Rein V. Ulijn","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00782-6","url":null,"abstract":"Living systems provide the most sophisticated materials known. These materials are created from a few dozen building blocks that are driven to self-organize by covalent and non-covalent interactions. Biology’s building blocks can be repurposed for the design of synthetic materials that life has not explored. In this Review, we examine the bottom-up design, discovery and evolution of self-assembling peptides by considering the entire supramolecular interaction space available to their constituent amino acids. Our approach focuses on sequence context, or how peptide sequence and environmental conditions collectively influence peptide self-assembly outcomes. We discuss examples of peptides that assemble through multimodal backbone, side chain and water interactions. We conclude that a more systematic (comparing sequences side-by-side), integrated (pairing computation and experiment) and holistic (considering peptide, solvent and environment) approach is required to better understand and fully exploit amino acids as a universal assembly code. This goal is particularly timely, because laboratory automation and artificial intelligence now have the potential to accelerate discoveries in these highly modular and complex materials, beyond the limited sequence space that biology uses.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Palestinian and German researchers meet to strengthen scientific ties 巴勒斯坦和德国科学家会面加强科学联系

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00790-6

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0

Biodegradable origami soft robot 可生物降解的折纸软机器人

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00786-2

Charlotte Allard

引用次数: 0

Bridging theory and experiment in defect-tolerant semiconductors for photovoltaics 光电容错半导体的桥接理论与实验

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9

Maria S. Hammer, Hannah Schlott, Larry Lüer, Christoph J. Brabec, Mykhailo Sytnyk, Johannes Will, Bernd Meyer, Wolfgang Heiss

{"title":"Bridging theory and experiment in defect-tolerant semiconductors for photovoltaics","authors":"Maria S. Hammer, Hannah Schlott, Larry Lüer, Christoph J. Brabec, Mykhailo Sytnyk, Johannes Will, Bernd Meyer, Wolfgang Heiss","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9","url":null,"abstract":"Defect tolerance is a concept applied in photovoltaics to explain semiconductors such as lead-halide perovskites that excel without relying on single-crystalline growth. It differentiates from the mere absence of defects, emphasizing on minimizing the influence of defects on minority carrier lifetimes. Whether defect tolerance is the only reason for the superiority of lead-halide-perovskite-based solution-processed solar cells is still controversial. However, the defect tolerance of various semiconductor structures and materials has been experimentally suggested and, in some cases, proven. In this Perspective, we explore defect tolerance across material science, defect characterization and computational modelling. With a primary focus on electrically or optically active defects, we systematically compare computational and experimental results from the literature. We aim to address the complexity arising from diverse theoretical approaches that have yielded partially contradictory results. Additionally, experimental findings have been subject to varied interpretations, ranging from defect signals to ion migration. We endeavour to chart a course through this intricacy and seek to establish a rigorous framework for the identification and quantitative assessment of defect tolerance. Semiconductors that are insensitive to defects hold considerable promise for advancing photovoltaics. This Perspective highlights the importance of combining theoretical predictions with experimental validation to identify viable non-toxic, earth-abundant and cost-effective alternatives to existing materials.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"311-325"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A kosmotropic solution to cathode manufacturing 阴极制造的全向性解决方案

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00788-0

Ariane Vartanian

引用次数: 0

Low-cost recycling of perovskite photovoltaics 钙钛矿光伏电池的低成本回收

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00787-1

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0