Nature Reviews Materials最新文献_第5页

Biodegradable origami soft robot 可生物降解的折纸软机器人

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00786-2

Charlotte Allard

引用次数: 0

Bridging theory and experiment in defect-tolerant semiconductors for photovoltaics 光电容错半导体的桥接理论与实验

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9

Maria S. Hammer, Hannah Schlott, Larry Lüer, Christoph J. Brabec, Mykhailo Sytnyk, Johannes Will, Bernd Meyer, Wolfgang Heiss

{"title":"Bridging theory and experiment in defect-tolerant semiconductors for photovoltaics","authors":"Maria S. Hammer, Hannah Schlott, Larry Lüer, Christoph J. Brabec, Mykhailo Sytnyk, Johannes Will, Bernd Meyer, Wolfgang Heiss","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00769-9","url":null,"abstract":"Defect tolerance is a concept applied in photovoltaics to explain semiconductors such as lead-halide perovskites that excel without relying on single-crystalline growth. It differentiates from the mere absence of defects, emphasizing on minimizing the influence of defects on minority carrier lifetimes. Whether defect tolerance is the only reason for the superiority of lead-halide-perovskite-based solution-processed solar cells is still controversial. However, the defect tolerance of various semiconductor structures and materials has been experimentally suggested and, in some cases, proven. In this Perspective, we explore defect tolerance across material science, defect characterization and computational modelling. With a primary focus on electrically or optically active defects, we systematically compare computational and experimental results from the literature. We aim to address the complexity arising from diverse theoretical approaches that have yielded partially contradictory results. Additionally, experimental findings have been subject to varied interpretations, ranging from defect signals to ion migration. We endeavour to chart a course through this intricacy and seek to establish a rigorous framework for the identification and quantitative assessment of defect tolerance. Semiconductors that are insensitive to defects hold considerable promise for advancing photovoltaics. This Perspective highlights the importance of combining theoretical predictions with experimental validation to identify viable non-toxic, earth-abundant and cost-effective alternatives to existing materials.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"311-325"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A kosmotropic solution to cathode manufacturing 阴极制造的全向性解决方案

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00788-0

Ariane Vartanian

引用次数: 0

Low-cost recycling of perovskite photovoltaics 钙钛矿光伏电池的低成本回收

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00787-1

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0

Publisher Correction: Materials for high-temperature digital electronics 出版者更正：材料高温数码电子

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00789-z

Dhiren K. Pradhan, David C. Moore, A. Matt Francis, Jacob Kupernik, W. Joshua Kennedy, Nicholas R. Glavin, Roy H. Olsson III, Deep Jariwala

引用次数: 0

Resilience pathways for halide perovskite photovoltaics under temperature cycling 温度循环下卤化物钙钛矿光伏电池的回弹途径

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00781-7

Luyan Wu, Shuaifeng Hu, Feng Yang, Guixiang Li, Junke Wang, Weiwei Zuo, José J. Jerónimo-Rendon, Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz, Michele Saba, Michael Saliba, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Jorge Pascual, Meng Li, Antonio Abate

{"title":"Resilience pathways for halide perovskite photovoltaics under temperature cycling","authors":"Luyan Wu, Shuaifeng Hu, Feng Yang, Guixiang Li, Junke Wang, Weiwei Zuo, José J. Jerónimo-Rendon, Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz, Michele Saba, Michael Saliba, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Jorge Pascual, Meng Li, Antonio Abate","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00781-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00781-7","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-halide perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of silicon photovoltaic (PV) devices, approaching 27% for single-junction devices. The durability of the devices, however, lags far behind their performance. Their practical implementation implies the subjection of the material and devices to temperature cycles of varying intensity, driven by diurnal cycles or geographical characteristics. Thus, it is vital to develop devices that are resilient to temperature cycling. This Perspective analyses the behaviour of perovskite devices under temperature cycling. We discuss the crystallographic structural evolution of the perovskite layer, reactions and/or interactions among stacked layers, PV properties and photocatalysed thermal reactions. We highlight effective strategies for improving stability under temperature cycling, such as enhancing material crystallinity or relieving interlayer thermal stress using buffer layers. Additionally, we outline existing standards and protocols for temperature cycling testing and we propose a unified approach that could facilitate valuable cross-study comparisons among scientific and industrial research laboratories. Finally, we share our outlook on strategies to develop perovskite PV devices with exceptional real-world operating stability.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altermagnets as a new class of functional materials 交替磁体是一类新型的功能材料

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00779-1

Cheng Song, Hua Bai, Zhiyuan Zhou, Lei Han, Helena Reichlova, J. Hugo Dil, Junwei Liu, Xianzhe Chen, Feng Pan

{"title":"Altermagnets as a new class of functional materials","authors":"Cheng Song, Hua Bai, Zhiyuan Zhou, Lei Han, Helena Reichlova, J. Hugo Dil, Junwei Liu, Xianzhe Chen, Feng Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00779-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00779-1","url":null,"abstract":"Altermagnets are characterized by non-relativistic alternating spin splitting in the band structure and collinear compensated magnetic moments in real space. They combine the advantages of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order, exhibiting time-reversal symmetry-breaking magneto responses, vanishing stray fields and high-frequency spin dynamics. Consequently, altermagnets hold great potential for various research fields, especially for developing spintronic devices such as high-density magnetic memories and terahertz nano-oscillators. Furthermore, altermagnetism is found in a broad spectrum of materials, including metals, semiconductors, insulators and superconductors, thereby stimulating widespread interest in functional material research. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent experimental progress in altermagnets, focusing particularly on observations of lifted spin degeneracy via spectroscopic techniques and the resultant spin transport phenomena. Additionally, we discuss future research directions in altermagnets, encompassing fields such as spintronics, magnonics, ultrafast photonics and phononics, and properties such as superconductivity, topology and multiferroicity.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chalcogens for high-energy batteries 用于高能电池的硫化物

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00773-7

Ze Chen, Chunyi Zhi

{"title":"Chalcogens for high-energy batteries","authors":"Ze Chen, Chunyi Zhi","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00773-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00773-7","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid developments in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices have fuelled demand for high-energy batteries. Along these lines, chalcogen-driven static conversion batteries (CSCBs), which operate by multielectron transfer, are attracting attention from academia and industry. Because of their high capacity and high voltage output, CSCBs are promising for efficient energy-storage applications. This Review surveys efforts to implement chalcogens with multivalent conversion as the high-energy redox-active component in various rechargeable batteries. First, we examine the evolution of CSCBs and summarize the merits and limitations of these batteries. Subsequently, we discuss state-of-the-art redox mechanisms, approaches for multivalent conversion activation, problems faced in using CSCBs and strategies for enhancing their performance. We also describe the potential of using chalcogens with multivalent conversion chemistry for halogen fixation in reversible multistage processes. Finally, we cover the challenges associated with the design of high-performance CSCBs and provide guidelines for their future design. Chalcogen-driven static conversion batteries based on multielectron transfer are promising for efficient high-energy storage applications because of their high capacity and high voltage output. This Review comprehensively discusses current chalcogen-based batteries, with emphasis on the issues and performance improvements of those involving positive-valence conversion of chalcogens.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"268-284"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visible-to-THz near-field nanoscopy 可见光到太赫兹近场纳米显微镜

IF 79.8 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00761-3

Rainer Hillenbrand, Yohannes Abate, Mengkun Liu, Xinzhong Chen, D. N. Basov

{"title":"Visible-to-THz near-field nanoscopy","authors":"Rainer Hillenbrand, Yohannes Abate, Mengkun Liu, Xinzhong Chen, D. N. Basov","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00761-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00761-3","url":null,"abstract":"Optical microscopy has a key role in research, development and quality control across a wide range of scientific, technological and medical fields. However, diffraction limits the spatial resolution of conventional optical instruments to about half the illumination wavelength. A technique that surpasses the diffraction limit in the wide spectral range between visible and terahertz frequencies is scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). The basis of s-SNOM is an atomic force microscope in which the tip is illuminated with light from the visible to the terahertz spectral range. By recording the elastically tip-scattered light while scanning the sample below the tip, s-SNOM yields near-field optical images with a remarkable resolution of 10 nm, simultaneously with the standard atomic force microscopic topography image. This resolution is independent of the illumination wavelength, rendering s-SNOM a versatile nanoimaging and nanospectroscopy technique for fundamental and applied studies of materials, structures and phenomena. This Review presents an overview of the fundamental principles governing the measurement and interpretation of near-field contrasts and discusses key applications of s-SNOM. We also showcase emerging developments that enable s-SNOM to operate under various environmental conditions, including cryogenic temperatures, electric and magnetic fields, electrical currents, strain and liquid environments. All these recent developments broaden the applicability of s-SNOMs for exploring fundamental solid-state and quantum phenomena, biological matter, catalytic reactions and more. Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) enables nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy through elastic light scattering at a scanning probe tip. This Review highlights the fundamental principles, applications and recent advancements of s-SNOM across various sample environments.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 4","pages":"285-310"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic solid-state photochromism using porous scaffolds 利用多孔支架的有机固态光致变色

IF 83.5 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4

Samraj Mollick, Jin-Chong Tan

{"title":"Organic solid-state photochromism using porous scaffolds","authors":"Samraj Mollick, Jin-Chong Tan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00760-4","url":null,"abstract":"When exposed to light, organic photochromic molecules undergo a fast and reversible change in their electronic structure, resulting in a shift in colour. Solid-state composites of these photochromes are more resistant to environmental factors and better suited for commercial settings than their solution forms. However, solid-state matrices frequently impose geometric limitations on the photoisomerization of these compounds, reducing their photoswitching efficiency. This fundamental constraint considerably impedes the use of organic photochromes in real-world applications. A promising approach to preserving the photoswitching behaviour of organic photochromes in the solid state is to incorporate the molecules within a robust porous scaffold featuring precisely designed pores, such as a metal–organic framework, covalent organic framework, porous organic polymer or metal–organic cage. The physicochemical properties of these scaffolds — such as pore size and structure, hydrophobicity and electronic character — determine the photoswitching efficiency of the integrated photochromes and, thus, the photoresponsive behaviour of the material. There is, however, a dearth of understanding about which features of a porous matrix yield efficient solid photoswitchable materials, given a particular organic photochrome. In this Review, we address the outstanding challenges limiting solid-state photochromic materials based on organic photoswitches. We present design principles for identifying the optimal porous scaffolds for high-efficiency photochromic materials and conclude with the future opportunities of these materials.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0