Nature Reviews Materials最新文献

{"title":"Molecular design for high-performance organic photosensitizers","authors":"Jiahao Zhuang \u0000 (, ), Yufu Tang \u0000 (, ), Yixin Zhu \u0000 (, ), Xia Ling \u0000 (, ), Bin Liu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00930-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00930-6","url":null,"abstract":"Organic photosensitizers (PSs) are central to light-driven photochemical and photobiological processes across biomedicine, energy, environment and synthetic photochemistry, owing to their tunable molecular structures and versatile excited-state dynamics. The photosensitization mechanisms of organic PSs can be broadly classified into oxygen-dependent type II, less oxygen-dependent type I and emerging oxygen-independent pathways. Building on these mechanistic insights, diverse molecular design strategies have been developed to fine-tune excited-state processes and to improve photosensitization efficiency. However, the incomplete understanding of structure–property relationships has motivated the integration of machine learning as a data-driven and predictive framework to streamline candidate discovery and optimization. In this Review, we first summarize the molecular design guidelines for type II, type I and oxygen-independent PSs, followed by a discussion of strategies that modulate the photosensitization pathways. We then examine the machine-learning approaches for predictive PS discovery. Finally, we outline the challenges in designing high-performance PSs and future directions for machine learning towards more reliable and intelligent PS discovery. Organic photosensitizers enable diverse light-driven processes in biomedicine, energy, environment and synthetic photochemistry. This Review outlines molecular design strategies and photosensitization pathway modulation across type II, type I and oxygen-independent mechanisms and discusses machine-learning approaches for predictive and data-driven photosensitizer discovery.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 9","pages":"701-716"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteins for a sustainable future","authors":"Shrestha Roy Goswami, Svitlana Mykolenko, Carolina Reyes, Gustav Nyström, Felix Donat, Dominik Richert, Christoph R. Müller, Zhou Dong, Chiara Moretti, Tiffany Abitbol, Youwei Ma, John Daniel Hader, Nadia Malinverno, Claudia Som, Francesco Stellacci, Raffaele Mezzenga","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00925-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00925-3","url":null,"abstract":"Modern industries exhibit a systemic disconnect in the management of carbon resources across sectors that contributes to disproportionately high greenhouse gas emissions. The food sector, for example, discards protein-rich side streams and carbohydrate-rich waste that could be converted into renewable carbon feedstocks, whereas the manufacturing sector consumes non-renewable, petroleum-based carbon feedstocks for material synthesis. This Review examines valorization routes that could address this imbalance by transforming proteins extracted from food side streams or created by fungal bioconversion of carbohydrate-rich food waste into feedstocks that enable the production of sustainable materials for packaging, water purification, CO2 capture and energy conversion, as well as surface-engineered applications such as coatings, biosensors and emulsifiers. At the end of their useful or service life, these materials (unlike those recycled using conventional linear approaches) can be repeatedly recycled via depolymerization into amino acids and reassembly into new proteins to yield new material feedstocks. Embedding ‘safe and sustainable by design’ principles into the early stages of material development further ensures that environmental and societal considerations are integrated throughout the material’s life cycle. Together, these advances define a nature-inspired circular-economy material recycling framework grounded in scalable innovation, molecular renewal and upcycling that positions proteins as key to closing the carbon loop. At present, food manufacturing waste is repurposed mainly as low-value animal feed and soil additives. Roy Goswami et al. describe how closed-loop recycling of protein-rich wastes could provide bioplastics, packaging composites and materials for water purification, CO2 capture and renewable energy that support environmental stewardship.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 7","pages":"575-594"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging materials and technologies towards in situ biomanufacturing","authors":"Elham Davoodi, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00926-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00926-2","url":null,"abstract":"In situ biomanufacturing is redefining personalized and regenerative medicine by enabling therapeutic materials to be formed directly at target sites within the body. This emerging paradigm integrates advances in biomaterials, minimally invasive surgical tools and robotic systems, and ultrasound-guided activation platforms to achieve precise, on-demand material deposition or crosslinking without the need for open surgical access. This Review outlines the clinical challenges and requirements motivating these technologies — minimally invasive access, deep-tissue targeting, spatiotemporal precision and real-time monitoring — and describes how next-generation biomaterials, including shear-thinning, photoreactive, thermoresponsive and acoustically responsive hydrogels, are being engineered to meet these demands. Progress in fabrication strategies, ranging from hand-held and robotic bioprinters to near-infrared light-activated and ultrasound-activated systems capable of noninvasive or deep-tissue biofabrication, is summarized. Key applications in tissue regeneration, wound repair, localized drug delivery and in vivo bioelectronics are highlighted to illustrate the translational potential of these approaches. Finally, the major steps required for clinical adoption are described, including the development of materials optimized for in vivo activation, standardized evaluation frameworks, regulatory considerations for energy-activated platforms, and integration into clinical workflows. Together, these advances point towards a future in which patient-specific therapeutic structures can be fabricated directly within living tissues. Advances in material science have greatly extended the capabilities of 3D bioprinting. This Review discusses material design principles for in vivo biomanufacturing technologies and describes challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation of applications in tissue regeneration, wound repair, therapy and bioelectronics.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 8","pages":"605-620"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging materials and technologies towards in situ biomanufacturing","authors":"Elham Davoodi, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00926-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00926-2","url":null,"abstract":"In situ biomanufacturing is redefining personalized and regenerative medicine by enabling therapeutic materials to be formed directly at target sites within the body. This emerging paradigm integrates advances in biomaterials, minimally invasive surgical tools and robotic systems, and ultrasound-guided activation platforms to achieve precise, on-demand material deposition or crosslinking without the need for open surgical access. This Review outlines the clinical challenges and requirements motivating these technologies — minimally invasive access, deep-tissue targeting, spatiotemporal precision and real-time monitoring — and describes how next-generation biomaterials, including shear-thinning, photoreactive, thermoresponsive and acoustically responsive hydrogels, are being engineered to meet these demands. Progress in fabrication strategies, ranging from hand-held and robotic bioprinters to near-infrared light-activated and ultrasound-activated systems capable of noninvasive or deep-tissue biofabrication, is summarized. Key applications in tissue regeneration, wound repair, localized drug delivery and in vivo bioelectronics are highlighted to illustrate the translational potential of these approaches. Finally, the major steps required for clinical adoption are described, including the development of materials optimized for in vivo activation, standardized evaluation frameworks, regulatory considerations for energy-activated platforms, and integration into clinical workflows. Together, these advances point towards a future in which patient-specific therapeutic structures can be fabricated directly within living tissues. Advances in material science have greatly extended the capabilities of 3D bioprinting. This Review discusses material design principles for in vivo biomanufacturing technologies and describes challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation of applications in tissue regeneration, wound repair, therapy and bioelectronics.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 8","pages":"605-620"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A probe for the origin of superconductivity","authors":"Lina Johnsen Kamra","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00929-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00929-z","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Physical Review Letters describes how the momentum dependence of the superconducting pairing potential can be probed using the quantum twisting microscope.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 6","pages":"435-435"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A closed-loop automated lab boosts perovskite performance","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00928-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00928-0","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in Nature demonstrates a fully integrated, closed-loop system that links machine learning-guided molecular design with robotic device fabrication, enabling both the discovery of new passivation molecules and the reproducible manufacture of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 6","pages":"436-436"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tellurium-free thermoelectric materials and devices for low-temperature energy harvesting","authors":"Zihang Liu, Zhentao Guo, Airan Li, Longquan Wang, Jiehe Sui, Takao Mori","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00923-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00923-5","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting low-temperature waste heat (below 573 K), which constitutes around 89% of the total waste heat, remains a considerable technical challenge. Thermoelectric (TE) power generation offers a viable solution to this issue. Currently, commercial TE technology relies almost exclusively on Bi2Te3, used predominantly for Peltier cooling. However, the scarcity of tellurium (Te), along with the lower TE performance and thermal stability of Bi2Te3 above 423 K, hampers its potential for energy harvesting. As a result, there has been a surge of interest in tellurium-free TE materials and devices, including MgAgSb, Mg3Sb2 and SnSe, as alternatives to Bi2Te3. In this Review, we highlight advancements and effective strategies for the development of Te-free thermoelectrics, from the material level to the interface and device levels. Specifically, we discuss the physical origin of their high-performance, computational strategies to design TE interface materials, as well as module assembly and design of practical power generation systems. We conclude by discussing the future prospects and challenges of these emerging systems for low-temperature energy harvesting. As alternatives to bismuth telluride, Te-free thermoelectric materials are emerging as promising candidates for low-temperature power generation. This Review discusses the design principles and future prospects of Te-free thermoelectric materials and devices across scales, from materials and interfaces to devices and system-level integration.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 10","pages":"779-796"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the past decade of neuromorphic computing","authors":"Sreetosh Goswami","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00924-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00924-4","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has outgrown the computers built to run it. Advances of the past decade have made clear that catching up is no longer a problem that any one discipline can solve. Can neuromorphic computing offer a way forward?","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 6","pages":"431-432"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic pathways for joining metallurgically incompatible metals","authors":"Muhammad Shehryar Khan, Christopher A. Schuh","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00922-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00922-6","url":null,"abstract":"Joining dissimilar materials has long been limited by brittle intermetallics and mismatched mechanical properties, thereby constraining innovation across manufacturing. A newly identified kinetic regime enables bonding at sub-microsecond timescales, providing a bypass to conventional solid-state constraints and opening routes to integrate materials once considered incompatible.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 8","pages":"600-602"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic pathways for joining metallurgically incompatible metals","authors":"Muhammad Shehryar Khan, Christopher A. Schuh","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00922-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00922-6","url":null,"abstract":"Joining dissimilar materials has long been limited by brittle intermetallics and mismatched mechanical properties, thereby constraining innovation across manufacturing. A newly identified kinetic regime enables bonding at sub-microsecond timescales, providing a bypass to conventional solid-state constraints and opening routes to integrate materials once considered incompatible.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 8","pages":"600-602"},"PeriodicalIF":83.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}