Nature Reviews Materials最新文献

{"title":"Designing ductile refractory high-entropy alloys","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00763-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00763-1","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science Advances reports the computational design and experimental validation of Al-enriched refractory high-entropy alloys that combine high strength and ductility with reduced cost and good oxidation resistance.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-faradaic junction sensing","authors":"Yecheng Wang, Kun Jia, Zhigang Suo","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00755-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00755-1","url":null,"abstract":"A non-faradaic junction (NFJ) is a connection between an ionic conductor and an electronic conductor in which no electrochemical reaction takes place. The junction behaves like a capacitor and couples the ionic and electronic currents through chemistry, electricity and entropy. Its charge–voltage curve is sensitive to various environmental signals, allowing it to function as a sensor; because no reaction occurs, the sensing is non-destructive and long-lasting. NFJ sensors have high sensitivity, rapid response and small size, and they can be self-powered. These sensors are familiarly used in electrophysiology of the heart, brain and muscles, and applications are emerging in wearable and implantable devices and soft robotics, as well as in sensing pressure, sound, temperature and chemicals. In this Review, we discuss NFJ sensors, emphasizing the development of devices and materials for each side of the junction. The flexibility in choosing materials enables NFJ sensors to fulfil challenging requirements, such as softness, stretchability, transparency and degradability. A junction between an ionic conductor and an electronic conductor is called non-faradaic if no electrochemical reaction takes place. Such a junction can be used to sense various environmental signals, including pressure, sound, temperature and chemicals. This Review discusses non-faradaic junction sensors, with emphasis on the development of devices and materials.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 3","pages":"176-190"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative biomimetics of high-performance materials","authors":"Ming Yang, Nicholas A. Kotov","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00753-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-024-00753-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ongoing need for materials with difficult-to-combine properties has driven dramatic advancements in the field of bioinspired and biomimetic (nano)structures. These materials blend order and disorder, making their structures difficult to describe and, thus, reproduce. Their practical design involves the approximate replication of geometries found in biological tissues, aiming to achieve desired functionalities using a diverse array of human-made molecular and nanoscale components. Although this approach led to the successful development of numerous high-performance nanocomposites, the rapidly growing demand for better and better materials in energy, water, health and other technologies necessitates an accelerated design process, multidimensional property assessment and, thus, a shift towards quantitative biomimetics. In this Perspective, we approach the design of complex bioinspired materials from the standpoint of interfacial chemistry and physics. Analysing typical examples of biological composites and their successful replicates, we propose a framework based on Taylor series and property differentials that quantifies their interdependence. Five specific cases are considered for limiting their cross-products in Taylor expansions, including discontinuities of differentials at interfaces and multiple scales of organization. We also discuss how the integration of theory, simulations and machine learning is central to the development of quantitative biomimetics. This approach will enable the <i>n</i>-dimensional optimization of contrarian properties by leveraging materials with a high volumetric density of interfaces, graph theoretical description of complex structures and hierarchical multiscale architectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":83.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping diabetic wounds heal","authors":"Ariane Vartanian","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00758-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00758-y","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications reports a degradable polymer-based diabetic wound dressing that addresses both inflammation and tissue regeneration to promote healing.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 12","pages":"845-845"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic optoelectronics with nanomaterials for artificial vision","authors":"Zhenghao Long \u0000 ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou \u0000 ,&nbsp;Yucheng Ding \u0000 ,&nbsp;Xiao Qiu \u0000 ,&nbsp;Swapnadeep Poddar \u0000 ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Fan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00750-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00750-6","url":null,"abstract":"Vision is crucial for intelligent machines to detect and interact with their environments. However, conventional artificial vision systems (AVS) are hindered by several limitations, including narrowed field of view, optical aberrations, limited adaptability and suboptimal efficiency. Advancements in nanomaterials have facilitated the development of biomimetic optoelectronics that structurally or functionally mimic biological eyes. Two main approaches have revolutionized AVS: biomimetic designs that replicate the superior optical performance of biological eyes, enhancing the field of view, imaging quality and adaptability, and neuromorphic optoelectronics that integrate processing functions at the sensory endpoints, thus boosting computational and energy efficiency. This Review emphasizes nanomaterial-based biomimetic optoelectronics, featuring novel curved image sensors and neuromorphic devices. We delve into advanced nanomaterials and innovative design strategies that underpin these novel AVS. This Review aims to offer valuable insights to inspire researchers to advance the development of next-generation vision devices. Inspired by biological systems, artificial&nbsp;vision technologies have advanced considerably, particularly with the development of curved image sensors, which improve visual data capture, and neuromorphic optoelectronics, which enable efficient in-sensor processing. This Review provides a comprehensive discussion of current nanomaterial-based biomimetic optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 2","pages":"128-146"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsically adaptive camouflage material","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00756-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00756-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science Advances presents a material that can intrinsically change colour depending on the incoming light.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 12","pages":"843-843"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new monocrystalline 2D high-κ dielectric","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00757-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00757-z","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Materials reports the synthesis of single crystals of ultrathin gadolinium pentoxide (Gd2O5) that combine a high dielectric constant of 25.5 and a wide bandgap of almost 7 eV.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 12","pages":"844-844"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binding energy referencing in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","authors":"Grzegorz Greczynski,&nbsp;Lars Hultman","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00743-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00743-5","url":null,"abstract":"Binding energy (BE) referencing is critical to the reliability of chemical analysis performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Although the procedure is straightforward for metallic samples, no universal solution is available for insulators, wherein a build-up of positive charge during photoemission results in an uncontrolled change in the BE of the core-level peaks. As these peaks are used to assess the chemical bonding, shifts caused by charging lead to problems with spectra interpretation and contribute to an unacceptably large spread in the BE values reported for the same chemical state. It is often unclear which referencing methods should be applied to which sample type and which referencing approaches should be rejected. In this Perspective, we review essential concepts and key experiments related to BE referencing. We discuss energy diagrams and appropriate reference levels for conducting and insulating samples with and without electrical contact with the spectrometer, and we define criteria for the ultimate charge-reference method, using them to evaluate common referencing techniques. Although no method is free of issues, the most popular one, based on the adventitious carbon (AdC), turns out to be the least reliable. In particular, because the vacuum level aligns at the AdC–sample interface, the BE of the reference C 1s peak from AdC is not constant but varies with the sample work function. To rectify the situation, we suggest easy-to-do control experiments that refute the notion that the C 1s peak has constant BE. We further use the framework of energy diagrams to explain the consequences of the vacuum level alignment at the AdC–sample interface for measurements performed in the most common experimental configurations. Finally, we suggest ideas for improving the reliability of chemical analysis to stimulate the development of new referencing standards. Binding energy referencing is critical for the reliability of chemical analysis performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This Perspective discusses the essential concepts related to this procedure and formulates the criteria for the ultimate charge reference, using them to expose problems with the existing referencing methods with the goal of stimulating the development of new approaches.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"62-78"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic and quantum properties of organic two-dimensional crystals","authors":"Zhiyong Wang,&nbsp;Mingchao Wang,&nbsp;Thomas Heine,&nbsp;Xinliang Feng","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00740-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00740-8","url":null,"abstract":"Organic two-dimensional crystals (O2DCs) are a class of synthetic layered materials, typically constructed from π-conjugated building blocks, that show extended in-plane π-conjugation and/or interlayer electronic couplings. They are synthesized either directly as monolayer to few-layer nanosheets or as bulk crystals that can be exfoliated. O2DCs display customizable topological structures and layer-dependent physical attributes, offering a versatile material platform for exploring intriguing electronic and quantum phenomena. In this Review, we discuss the structure–property relationships and synthetic strategies of O2DCs, with particular emphasis on their unique electronic structures, charge transport properties and the emergence of quantum states, such as topological and superconducting phases, alongside different spin states. Furthermore, we highlight emerging device applications of O2DCs across electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics. Finally, we provide an outlook on the persistent challenges in synthetic chemistry, physics and materials science that must be addressed to further advance this field. Organic two-dimensional crystals represent a versatile toolkit for exploring intriguing electronic and quantum phenomena. This Review discusses the structure–property relationships and synthetic methods of these materials, highlighting their electronic and quantum properties and emerging device applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 2","pages":"147-166"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials’ mission to reach strange new worlds","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00747-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00747-1","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in materials science are central to space exploration, but equally important is addressing societal implications to ensure responsible and sustainable progress.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 11","pages":"753-753"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-024-00747-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}