Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR in clinical oncology: translational advances from molecular diagnostics to therapeutics.","authors":"Samuel Grigg,Carolyn Shembrey,Mohamed Fareh,Piers Blombery,Jacob E Corn,John F Seymour,Joshua M L Casan","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01179-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-026-01179-2","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer care is increasingly driven by molecular classification, yet many key oncogenic drivers remain undruggable, and intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment frequently limits durable clinical benefit. CRISPR-Cas technologies provide a modular, programmable platform to interrogate and directly manipulate cancer biology via sequence-specific targeting of DNA or RNA and have advanced from experimental tools to the early stages of clinical translation. In this Review, we outline how CRISPR-enabled functional genomics approaches can reveal unexpected cancer dependencies and resistance mechanisms. We discuss emerging applications of CRISPR-based diagnostics in oncology that convert precise nucleic acid sequence recognition into rapid mutation detection. We also discuss applications of CRISPR in therapeutic strategies ranging from ex vivo immune cell engineering to nascent in vivo interventions that directly target tumour-related sequences such as fusion junctions or single-nucleotide variants. Finally, we highlight technological and regulatory challenges, including effective delivery of the editing machinery to cells in vivo, safety and platform-level regulatory frameworks, that will determine the clinical utility of CRISPR-based diagnostics and therapies in oncology.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148416088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving neoadjuvant and perioperative therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer","authors":"Yago Garitaonaindia, Heather A. Wakelee, Martin Reck, Patrick M. Forde, Tina Cascone, Jonathan D. Spicer, Mariano Provencio","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01174-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01174-7","url":null,"abstract":"Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, comprising an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody and platinum-doublet chemotherapy, given alone or as part of a perioperative regimen with the addition of adjuvant anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, has become the standard of care for patients with early-stage, resectable non-oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This approach has demonstrated substantial increases in pathological response rates and improvements in long-term outcomes, including overall survival. However, these advances have largely been achieved through uniform treatment application across biologically heterogeneous tumours. As a result, a central challenge in contemporary perioperative management is how to identify which patients require escalation or de-escalation of treatment following surgery and which individuals could safely avoid unnecessary treatment. In this Review, we summarize current evidence supporting pathological response, and particularly pathological complete response (pCR), as a robust and clinically meaningful surrogate for durable benefit in patients with NSCLC. We then consider how complementary tools, including circulating tumour DNA, radiomics and metabolic imaging approaches, and baseline molecular and immune biomarkers, can be integrated to refine patient selection and dynamically adapt perioperative strategies. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic strategies to intensify perioperative treatment in biologically high-risk populations, with the dual objective of increasing the likelihood of a pCR and improving disease control in patients with an insufficient pathological response. Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy, comprising platinum-doublet chemotherapy plus an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody, has become the standard-of-care approach for patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer without an actionable driver alteration. However, the development of this approach has thus far been largely empirical, with limited capacity for adaptation of treatment strategies to better meet the needs of individual patients. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential for improvements in the current approach to perioperative therapy, including de-escalation for those with a pathological complete response, the capacity of various baseline and/or dynamic biomarkers to optimize outcomes, and the potential for escalation in patients with early evidence of a lack of responsiveness in the perioperative setting.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"712-729"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient value over patent value: the mandate for open-source oncology.","authors":"Bibek Aryal,Dario Trapani","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01180-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-026-01180-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148335848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer burden and control in China: landscape, trends and challenges","authors":"Changfa Xia, He Li, Chen Wu, Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01165-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01165-8","url":null,"abstract":"China accounts for nearly 17% of the global population yet contributes approximately 25% of the global cancer burden with >5 million new cancers diagnosed every year; this evolving landscape is reshaping the global pattern of cancer burden. Over the past decades, cancer epidemiology trends have substantially shifted in China. Driven by a rapidly ageing population and an expanded diagnostic capacity, the number of newly diagnosed cancers in China is rising rapidly and particularly of those that are most common in high-income countries, such as lung, colorectal, prostate, thyroid, female breast and cervical cancers. Conversely, the incidence of cancers historically prevalent in China, including oesophageal, gastric and liver cancers, has been declining substantially. In response to this escalating and evolving cancer burden, China has implemented a series of national cancer control initiatives starting in 1986. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and temporal trends of cancer burden in China, both overall and for the major cancer types, and analyse the key contributors to this landscape, including risk factors, screening programmes and cancer care provision. In the context of national cancer control policies and targets, we further assess progress and discuss the remaining challenges in prevention, screening and cancer treatment, as well as the implications for global cancer control in the coming decades. Over the past decades, cancer epidemiology trends have substantially shifted in China, with a rapid increase in incidence of cancers that are most common in high-income countries and a substantial decline in incidence of cancers historically prevalent in China. The authors of this Review provide an overview of cancer epidemiology in China, a major contributor to global cancer burden, and discuss national cancer control policies and targets.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"694-711"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New standards and new constraints redefine treatment sequencing in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer","authors":"Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Kathleen N. Moore","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01168-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01168-5","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic landscape of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is rapidly evolving, with recent phase III trials demonstrating, for the first time, meaningful overall survival improvements beyond bevacizumab-based therapy. Herein we discuss how trials such as MIRASOL and, more recently, ENGOT-ov65/KEYNOTE-B96 and GOG30173/ENGOT-ov72/ROSELLA have established new standards of care through distinct biologically driven therapies and outline the new challenges that these approaches expose.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 8","pages":"566-568"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody–drug conjugates in gynaecological cancers: opportunities and challenges","authors":"Kathleen N. Moore, Oladapo O. Yeku, Brooke E. Howitt, Hagop Youssoufian, Joyce F. Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01164-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01164-9","url":null,"abstract":"Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have transformed the cancer therapeutic landscape over the past two decades, profoundly shaping treatment outcomes across a wide array of indications. Three ADCs are currently approved for previously treated gynaecological cancers: mirvetuximab soravtansine for folate receptor-α-positive ovarian cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumours expressing HER2 (defined as a staining intensity on immunohistochemistry of 3+) and tisotumab vedotin for cervical cancer (independent of tissue factor expression). Current research priorities include identifying novel targets, better understanding mechanisms of resistance and sequencing strategies, and optimal management of the toxicities of ADCs. Moreover, rational combinations could reinforce and extend the clinical potential of these agents, as has already been demonstrated with the addition of ADCs to immune checkpoint inhibitors in an effort to amplify antitumour immunity and prolong the durability of clinical responses. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of ADCs in gynaecological malignancies, highlighting key advances and future opportunities. Three antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently approved for previously treated gynaecological cancers: mirvetuximab soravtansine for folate receptor-α-positive ovarian cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumours expressing HER2 and tisotumab vedotin for cervical cancer (independent of tissue factor expression). The authors of this Review discuss current priorities in the clinical development of ADCs for gynaecological cancers, such as identifying novel targets, understanding mechanisms of resistance and sequencing strategies, and managing toxicities, highlighting key advances and future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"672-693"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teclistamab monotherapy improves survival in RRMM","authors":"Diana Romero","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01178-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01178-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"655-655"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daraxonrasib effective in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Peter Sidaway","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01176-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01176-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"654-654"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential new standard of care for resectable gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Asia","authors":"David Killock","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01177-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01177-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"654-654"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant selpercatinib shows benefit in patients with NSCLC","authors":"Diana Romero","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01172-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01172-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 8","pages":"564-564"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148227166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}