Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Towards liquid biopsy-based analysis of antitumour immunity","authors":"Klaus Pantel, Doryan Masmoudi, Catherine Alix-Panabières","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01181-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01181-8","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of tissue biopsy samples is the gold-standard approach to cancer diagnosis and patient selection for biomarker-guided therapies. Although spatial analyses of tumour tissue can provide important insights into local antitumour immune responses, repeated tumour biopsy is invasive and rarely feasible for monitoring dynamic immune responses over time. Technical advances have enabled multimodal analyses of cells and cellular products in peripheral blood samples, which can be obtained easily and repeatedly over the course of the disease. These liquid biopsy-based approaches cannot provide spatial information on the tumour immune microenvironment and tumour-derived material can be highly diluted in the circulation, yet they offer a unique opportunity to monitor systemic immune dynamics, anticipate responses to immunotherapies and detect emerging resistance to treatment. Thus, blood-based analyses might complement tumour tissue analysis. In this Review, we discuss insights on systemic antitumour immune responses that can be gained through the analysis of tumour-derived biomarkers in peripheral blood and/or circulating immune cells. Advances in multimodal analyses of diverse cell types and cellular products present in the blood have presented opportunities to non-invasively and repeatedly assess systemic immune dynamics, predict and monitor responses to immunotherapies, and detect emerging resistance in patients with cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss various insights on systemic antitumour immune responses that can be gleaned through such liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumour-derived biomarkers and/or immune cells and their implications for immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 10","pages":"766-791"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does OptiTROP-Lung05 open a new frontier for first-line ADC–ICI combinations in NSCLC?","authors":"Myung-Ju Ahn","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01183-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01183-6","url":null,"abstract":"Interim data from the phase III OptiTROP-Lung05 trial demonstrate that adding the TROP2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan to pembrolizumab improves progression-free survival in patients with PD-L1-positive advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Herein, I present several questions that need to be addressed before this combination can be considered a new standard of care, such as effect on overall survival, long-term safety, global generalizability and biomarker refinement.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 10","pages":"739-740"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148522116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-line 177Lu-edotreotide shows promise in GEP NETs","authors":"Diana Romero","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01187-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01187-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 10","pages":"737-737"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossover does not confound, it informs: 177lutetium-PSMA-617 as an example","authors":"Martin W. Schoen, Tito Fojo, Johann de Bono","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01182-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01182-7","url":null,"abstract":"Crossover in trials should not be viewed as confounding, but as informative. Crossover reveals whether deferring therapy produces outcomes comparable to those from earlier use. Statistical crossover-adjustment methods carry unaccounted biases and limited clinical utility. Crossover should instead guide treatment-sequencing decisions, weighing toxicity and cost against any overall survival benefit from earlier intervention.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"652-653"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in multiple myeloma has just begun","authors":"Maximilian Merz, Nico Gagelmann","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01184-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01184-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"730-731"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148441072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel heralds the arrival of fixed-duration therapies in myeloma","authors":"Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Edward R. Scheffer Cliff, Rajshekhar Chakraborty","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01185-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01185-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"732-732"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148441099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR in clinical oncology: translational advances from molecular diagnostics to therapeutics","authors":"Samuel Grigg, Carolyn Shembrey, Mohamed Fareh, Piers Blombery, Jacob E. Corn, John F. Seymour, Joshua M. L. Casan","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01179-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01179-2","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer care is increasingly driven by molecular classification, yet many key oncogenic drivers remain undruggable, and intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment frequently limits durable clinical benefit. CRISPR–Cas technologies provide a modular, programmable platform to interrogate and directly manipulate cancer biology via sequence-specific targeting of DNA or RNA and have advanced from experimental tools to the early stages of clinical translation. In this Review, we outline how CRISPR-enabled functional genomics approaches can reveal unexpected cancer dependencies and resistance mechanisms. We discuss emerging applications of CRISPR-based diagnostics in oncology that convert precise nucleic acid sequence recognition into rapid mutation detection. We also discuss applications of CRISPR in therapeutic strategies ranging from ex vivo immune cell engineering to nascent in vivo interventions that directly target tumour-related sequences such as fusion junctions or single-nucleotide variants. Finally, we highlight technological and regulatory challenges, including effective delivery of the editing machinery to cells in vivo, safety and platform-level regulatory frameworks, that will determine the clinical utility of CRISPR-based diagnostics and therapies in oncology. CRISPR–Cas technologies provide a modular, programmable platform for sequence-specific targeting of DNA or RNA and have advanced from experimental molecular biology tools to clinical translation. This Review describes current and emerging applications of CRISPR–Cas platforms in oncology, including their use in discovery research, diagnostics and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 10","pages":"743-765"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148416088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving neoadjuvant and perioperative therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer","authors":"Yago Garitaonaindia, Heather A. Wakelee, Martin Reck, Patrick M. Forde, Tina Cascone, Jonathan D. Spicer, Mariano Provencio","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01174-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01174-7","url":null,"abstract":"Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, comprising an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody and platinum-doublet chemotherapy, given alone or as part of a perioperative regimen with the addition of adjuvant anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, has become the standard of care for patients with early-stage, resectable non-oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This approach has demonstrated substantial increases in pathological response rates and improvements in long-term outcomes, including overall survival. However, these advances have largely been achieved through uniform treatment application across biologically heterogeneous tumours. As a result, a central challenge in contemporary perioperative management is how to identify which patients require escalation or de-escalation of treatment following surgery and which individuals could safely avoid unnecessary treatment. In this Review, we summarize current evidence supporting pathological response, and particularly pathological complete response (pCR), as a robust and clinically meaningful surrogate for durable benefit in patients with NSCLC. We then consider how complementary tools, including circulating tumour DNA, radiomics and metabolic imaging approaches, and baseline molecular and immune biomarkers, can be integrated to refine patient selection and dynamically adapt perioperative strategies. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic strategies to intensify perioperative treatment in biologically high-risk populations, with the dual objective of increasing the likelihood of a pCR and improving disease control in patients with an insufficient pathological response. Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy, comprising platinum-doublet chemotherapy plus an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody, has become the standard-of-care approach for patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer without an actionable driver alteration. However, the development of this approach has thus far been largely empirical, with limited capacity for adaptation of treatment strategies to better meet the needs of individual patients. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential for improvements in the current approach to perioperative therapy, including de-escalation for those with a pathological complete response, the capacity of various baseline and/or dynamic biomarkers to optimize outcomes, and the potential for escalation in patients with early evidence of a lack of responsiveness in the perioperative setting.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"712-729"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient value over patent value: the mandate for open-source oncology","authors":"Bibek Aryal, Dario Trapani","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01180-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01180-9","url":null,"abstract":"Modern oncology has built highly efficient pathways for patent-protected innovation, but no equivalent machinery for evaluating and developing promising off-patent therapeutics. Herein, we frame ‘open-source oncology’ as a parallel public-interest infrastructure to test, authorize and implement credible generic agents. Designed to translate ownerless evidence into standard-of-care treatments, this framework applies the same scientific seriousness devoted to proprietary drugs, decoupling clinical value from commercial ownership.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 10","pages":"733-734"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148335848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer burden and control in China: landscape, trends and challenges","authors":"Changfa Xia, He Li, Chen Wu, Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41571-026-01165-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41571-026-01165-8","url":null,"abstract":"China accounts for nearly 17% of the global population yet contributes approximately 25% of the global cancer burden with >5 million new cancers diagnosed every year; this evolving landscape is reshaping the global pattern of cancer burden. Over the past decades, cancer epidemiology trends have substantially shifted in China. Driven by a rapidly ageing population and an expanded diagnostic capacity, the number of newly diagnosed cancers in China is rising rapidly and particularly of those that are most common in high-income countries, such as lung, colorectal, prostate, thyroid, female breast and cervical cancers. Conversely, the incidence of cancers historically prevalent in China, including oesophageal, gastric and liver cancers, has been declining substantially. In response to this escalating and evolving cancer burden, China has implemented a series of national cancer control initiatives starting in 1986. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and temporal trends of cancer burden in China, both overall and for the major cancer types, and analyse the key contributors to this landscape, including risk factors, screening programmes and cancer care provision. In the context of national cancer control policies and targets, we further assess progress and discuss the remaining challenges in prevention, screening and cancer treatment, as well as the implications for global cancer control in the coming decades. Over the past decades, cancer epidemiology trends have substantially shifted in China, with a rapid increase in incidence of cancers that are most common in high-income countries and a substantial decline in incidence of cancers historically prevalent in China. The authors of this Review provide an overview of cancer epidemiology in China, a major contributor to global cancer burden, and discuss national cancer control policies and targets.","PeriodicalId":19079,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":"694-711"},"PeriodicalIF":94.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}