Nature Energy最新文献_第3页

The role of policy and module manufacturing learning in industrial decarbonization by small modular reactors 政策和模块制造学习在小型模块化反应堆工业脱碳中的作用

IF 56.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01665-w

Max Vanatta, William R. Stewart, Michael T. Craig

{"title":"The role of policy and module manufacturing learning in industrial decarbonization by small modular reactors","authors":"Max Vanatta, William R. Stewart, Michael T. Craig","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01665-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01665-w","url":null,"abstract":"Small modular reactors (SMRs) offer a unique solution to the challenge of decarbonizing mid- and high-temperature industrial processes. Here we develop deployment pathways for four SMR designs displacing natural gas in industrial heat processes at 925 facilities across the United States under diverse policy and factory or onsite learning conditions. We find that widespread SMR deployment in industry requires gas prices above US$6 per metric million British thermal unit, low capital cost over-runs and/or aggressive carbon taxes. At gas prices of US$6–10 per metric million British thermal unit, 7–55 gigawatt-thermal (GWt) of SMRs could be economically deployed by 2050, reducing annual emissions by up to 59 Mt of CO2-equivalent. Of this deployment, 2–24 GWt rely on module manufacturing learning within a factory. Widespread deployment potential hinges on avoiding substantial cost escalation for early investments. Policy levers such as direct subsidies are not effective at incentivizing sustainable deployment, but aggressive carbon taxes and investment tax credits provide effective support for SMR success.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of interfacial quality and nanoscale performance disorder on the stability of alloyed perovskite solar cells 界面质量和纳米级性能紊乱对合金化过氧化物太阳能电池稳定性的影响

IF 56.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01660-1

Kyle Frohna, Cullen Chosy, Amran Al-Ashouri, Florian Scheler, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Milos Dubajic, Julia E. Parker, Jessica M. Walker, Lea Zimmermann, Thomas A. Selby, Yang Lu, Bart Roose, Steve Albrecht, Miguel Anaya, Samuel D. Stranks

{"title":"The impact of interfacial quality and nanoscale performance disorder on the stability of alloyed perovskite solar cells","authors":"Kyle Frohna, Cullen Chosy, Amran Al-Ashouri, Florian Scheler, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Milos Dubajic, Julia E. Parker, Jessica M. Walker, Lea Zimmermann, Thomas A. Selby, Yang Lu, Bart Roose, Steve Albrecht, Miguel Anaya, Samuel D. Stranks","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01660-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01660-1","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopy provides a proxy for assessing the operation of perovskite solar cells, yet most works in the literature have focused on bare perovskite thin films, missing charge transport and recombination losses present in full devices. Here we demonstrate a multimodal operando microscopy toolkit to measure and spatially correlate nanoscale charge transport losses, recombination losses and chemical composition. By applying this toolkit to the same scan areas of state-of-the-art, alloyed perovskite cells before and after extended operation, we show that devices with the highest macroscopic performance have the lowest initial performance spatial heterogeneity—a crucial link that is missed in conventional microscopy. We show that engineering stable interfaces is critical to achieving robust devices. Once the interfaces are stabilized, we show that compositional engineering to homogenize charge extraction and to minimize variations in local power conversion efficiency is critical to improve performance and stability. We find that in our device space, perovskites can tolerate spatial disorder in chemistry, but not charge extraction.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nationally determined contribution framework for energy transition minerals 国家确定的能源转型矿物贡献框架

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01661-0

Julie Michelle Klinger, Gwendolyn K. Murphy, Coryn Wolk

引用次数: 0

Transparency is key for energy and environment philanthropy 透明度是能源与环境慈善事业的关键

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01658-9

Isabella Gee

引用次数: 0

The path to accurate reporting 实现准确报告的途径

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01663-y

引用次数: 0

Weather-sensitive renewable energy sources do not subject power systems to blackouts 对天气敏感的可再生能源不会导致电力系统停电

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01657-w

引用次数: 0

Producing methane through organocatalysis 通过有机催化生产甲烷

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01656-x

Fei Li, Mei Wang

引用次数: 0

Impacts of renewable energy resources on the weather vulnerability of power systems 可再生能源对电力系统天气脆弱性的影响

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1

Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang

{"title":"Impacts of renewable energy resources on the weather vulnerability of power systems","authors":"Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (WD-RESs) such as wind and solar has raised concerns about the security of electric power systems during abnormal weather conditions. The role of RESs has been discussed in worldwide blackout events, yet remains controversial. In this study, we find that although WD-RESs are non-dispatchable and weather sensitive, blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration WD-RES grids. The causal effects of WD-RESs on blackouts generally decrease in high-penetration WD-RES power systems, and WD-RESs are not mainly responsible for the occurrence of blackouts in extreme weather conditions. The results of our research contribute to the debate on RES integration and power system security, offer a guide for the study of power system resilience and provide a reference for the ambitious high-penetration RES goals of the future. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are weather sensitive, raising questions about the vulnerability of high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids during extreme weather events. Here the authors find that blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1407-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics 用于鉴定柔性光伏机械性能的弯曲测试协议

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2

Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora

{"title":"A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics","authors":"Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices are a promising research field with potential for wearable, portable, indoor and internet-of-things applications. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, with flexible emerging PVs reporting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 24%. Yet, there is a need for a unifying protocol to assess PV performance, compare research results, and evaluate state-of-the-art achievements in flexible PVs. Here we present a protocol for measuring PCE over 1,000 bending cycles under 1% strain. Moreover, several good practice guidelines are proposed, including those related to bending procedures, flexibility testing with and without encapsulation, and ambient conditions during testing (for example, temperature, humidity and illumination). Notably, the importance of the uniform application of the bending radius and the testing of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the bending axis with respect to the direction of the electric current are emphasized. These recommendations aim to promote consistency in device comparison and allow for better reproducibility. The assessment of the mechanical properties of flexible solar cells lacks consistency. In this Perspective, Fukuda et al. outline standards and best practices for measuring and reporting photovoltaic performance under bending stresses, strain and load orientation.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1335-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the cost and emissions impacts, feasibility and scalability of battery electric ships 探索电池电动船舶的成本和排放影响、可行性和可扩展性

IF 56.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y

Hee Seung Moon, Won Young Park, Thomas Hendrickson, Amol Phadke, Natalie Popovich

引用次数: 0