Nature Energy最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of cell-to-cell inconsistency on electric vehicle battery degradation and utilization","authors":"Litao Zhou, Xiaolei Bian, Yizhou Zhang, Zhenpo Wang, Zhongwei Chen, Zhiyu Mao, Changfu Zou","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02131-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02131-5","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing utilization rates of battery systems in electric vehicles (EVs) substantially benefits economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. However, cell-to-cell inconsistency remains a critical barrier to fully realizing these advantages, and its system-level impact under real-world EV operation is still poorly quantified. Here we present a dataset containing 116 passenger cars and 17 buses, encompassing operational data spanning more than 3 years and up to 300,000 km per vehicle. Using practical measurements, we estimate individual cell capacity and resistance and construct a diagnostic framework of six metrics capturing variability in cell health, pack capacity retention, lifetime degradation, state-of-charge utilization, power capability and energy utilization. Our analysis reveals substantial performance degradation, including battery health reductions of 6.2% for passenger cars and 7.5% for buses, lifetime shortening by 17.7% and 22.8% and power capability decreases of 12.9% and 15.1%, respectively. Consequently, energy-resource utilization is limited to 80.7% for cars and 72.9% for buses over their operational lifespans. These findings underscore the necessity of consistency control for advancing EV battery technologies.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-mediated reversible lattice-oxygen redox enables stable 200 Wh kg−1 sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Shiyong Chu, Liguang Wang, Jingjing Bian, Chen Cheng, Jiaming Tian, Chuanchao Sheng, Zengqing Zhuo, Tianze Shi, Jinghua Guo, Liang Zhang, Jun Lu, Haoshen Zhou, Shaohua Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02112-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02112-8","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice-oxygen redox in layered oxides can enhance energy density, but its limited reversibility causes structural instability during deep cycling. Here we develop an iron-mediated strategy to regulate lattice-oxygen redox in layered oxide cathodes. In the Na2/3Mn7/12Mg1/4Fe1/6O2 cathode, Fe ions act as redox mediators, with Fe4+ capturing electrons from lattice oxygen during charging and Fe2+ donating electrons back to oxidized oxygen during discharging through chemical pathways. With the assistance of iron mediation, the reversibility of lattice-oxygen redox is dramatically improved from 75% to 99%. As a result, the lattice-oxygen-activated cathode enables a sodium-ion pouch cell to achieve an energy density of 206 Wh kg−1 and operate stably for 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1, with a capacity retention of 87.8%.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices","authors":"Abhisek Chakraborty, Giulia Lucarelli, Vaibhav Singh, Jie Xu, Zeynab Skafi, Diksha Thakur, Francesco Di Giacomo, Gyanendra Shankar, Emanuele Calabrò, Francesca De Rossi, Osbel Almora, Peyman Amiri, Shinji Aramaki, Diego Bagnis, Tomiki Bannai, Christoph J. Brabec, Daniele Braga, Gregory Burwell, Francesca Brunetti, Aldo Di Carlo, Matt Carnie, Luigi Angelo Castriotta, Sergio Castro-Hermosa, Manuela Ciocca, Yong Cui, Janardan Dagar, Bruno Damien, Sergey V. Dayneko, Nutifafa Y. Doumon, Vida Turkovic, Karen Forberich, Marina Freitag, Feng Gao, Giulia Grancini, Zhanglin Guo, Behrang Hamadani, Mike Hayes, Jianhui Hou, Robert L. Z. Hoye, Stéphane Jouin, Marko Jošt, Petri Kärhä, Matthias Kauer, Thomas Kirchartz, George Koutsourakis, Shuuji Kuge, Monica Lira-Cantu, Ian Mathews, Morten Madsen, Matthias Auf der Maur, Tsutomu Miyasaka, David Müller, Shashank Priya, Erin L. Ratcliff, Andrea Reale, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Frédéric Sauvage, Suraj Soman, Zhenchuan Tian, Marko Topič, Antonio Cabas Vidani, Paola Vivo, Kai Wang, Yuming Wang, Zhao-Kui Wang, Konrad Wojciechowski, Uli Würfel, Xueqing Xu, Mustafa Yaşa, Selçuk Yerci, Andrea Zampetti, Kui Zhao, Thomas M. Brown","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor photovoltaics harvests energy from light available inside homes and buildings for powering the Internet of Things, wireless sensors and consumer and medical electronics. A major challenge in this field is a lack of standardized testing conditions. Here a team from more than 60 research institutions and companies proposes best practices for evaluating indoor photovoltaic performance and establishing baseline stability tests. We base these recommendations on recent experimental data, published literature, practices used in academic and industrial settings, technical specifications from standards organizations, lighting databases and existing regulations. We outline procedures that begin with the recommendation of a single artificial light source, followed by guidance on setting up measurement systems and a step-by-step guide for conducting measurements and tests. These procedures are consolidated into three checklists. Our aim is to promote accurate measurement of laboratory and commercial solar cells and modules under indoor lighting, facilitating comparability across academia and industry worldwide. A major challenge for indoor photovoltaics is the absence of harmonized testing protocols, standards, and shared performance benchmarks. This Consensus Statement outlines recommended practices for testing and reporting device performance, power, efficiency and stability.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 9","pages":"1241-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-026-02101-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusionless mechanisms produce diffusion-like electrochemistry in battery particles","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02123-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02123-5","url":null,"abstract":"Overpotentials at low frequencies in Li-ion battery active particles have long been attributed to solid diffusion. Now, electrolyte penetration in battery agglomerate particles is shown to make interior surfaces electrochemically active, but with a transmission-line configuration. This mechanism for accessing battery capacity produces diffusion-like electrochemistry, even without diffusion involved.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 10","pages":"1400-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and behavioural policy coupling has divergent effects on electric vehicle adoption at individual and system scales","authors":"Anne Günther, Mart van der Kam, Amir Hosein Hadian Rasanan, Sebastian Gluth, Ulf J. J. Hahnel","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02114-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02114-6","url":null,"abstract":"Policy mixes are key to accelerating low-carbon transitions. Yet, how combined policies impact electric vehicle (EV) adoption decisions and scale up to system-level diffusion remains unclear. Here we combine individual-level and system-level analyses to investigate how a carbon tax and information intervention, implemented individually and in combination, impact individual decision-making and system-wide EV diffusion. Across four countries (Mexico, South Africa, the USA and the UK; N = 1,589), we assessed attention towards EV information in EV choice experiments and integrated decision outcome data into a behavioural agent-based diffusion model (ABM). The policies competed for attention but had additive effects on individual EV adoption choices. When scaled through ABM, these behavioural effects produced sub- or superadditive diffusion outcomes depending on the diffusion stage and national context. Moreover, we endogenously coupled the ABM with policy support data. Our findings illustrate that combining policies can boost policy support relative to a tax alone, translating into sustained diffusion trajectories under different policy review scenarios.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic conductivity of solid electrolytes causes physical self-discharge in all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Changhong Wang, Rong Xu, Yu Zhong, Han Su, Suzhe Liang, Haoqi Ren, Jung Tae Kim, Huan Huang, Bing Xiao, Longan Jiao, Jiangping Tu, Xueliang Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02090-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02090-x","url":null,"abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hold vast potential for next-generation electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density and enhanced safety. However, their self-discharge behaviour, a critical factor for EVs, has not been adequately investigated so far. Here we reveal that the electronic conductivity of SSEs, typically in the range of 10−8–10−9 S cm−1, contributes to considerable physical self-discharge in ASSBs, particularly when the SSE thickness is on the order of tens of micrometres. To mitigate this physical self-discharge, the electronic conductivity of SSEs needs to be reduced to approximately 10−12 S cm−1. However, none of the prevalent SSEs meets this threshold. Therefore, reducing physical self-discharge in ASSBs will require the development of SSEs with lower electronic conductivity, alongside rational interface and full-cell designs in future research. This study provides critical insights into the self-discharge phenomenon of ASSBs, which may reshape their future design and development. Physical self-discharge critically limits the lifetime of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Wang et al. showed that the non-negligible electronic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes can lead to substantial physical self-discharge in ASSBs.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 9","pages":"1341-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: High-performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells enabled by multifunctional titanium oxynitride recombination layers","authors":"Fengxian Cao, Yao Li, Shibo Wang, Kin Long Wong, Cao Yu, Xinya Niu, Bo Gao, Wenhao Li, Jianwei Yu, Yue Zhang, Yiliang Wu, Jun Zhu, Wei Shi, Kun Gao, Liu Yang, Bowen Yang, Wenzhen An, Shifeng Deng, Lei Shi, Shaofei Yang, Xi Chen, Fei Wang, Hanlin Hu, Ruy Sebastian Bonilla, Jian Zhou, Jun Yin, Xiaohong Zhang, Xinbo Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02137-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02137-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 10","pages":"1501-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-026-02137-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving interface-mediated carrier transport for efficient perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cells","authors":"Li Zeng, Wuji Wang, Liting Tang, Xing Gao, Haofei Xia, Xiaomin Wang, Zekai Luo, Yuqi Zhao, Yan Gao, Zhuo Xue, Wenbo Li, Yue Sun, Jiangtong Zhao, Jiajv Wang, Yong Liu, Weiqing Zhou, Rui Sun, Jie Min, Guilin Chen, Ti Wang, Sheng Wang, Shengjun Yuan, Xudong Xiao, Jianmin Li","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02125-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02125-3","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cells can surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction photovoltaics but are currently limited by interfacial optical and electronic losses. Here we demonstrate a dual-interface carrier transport engineering strategy that combines a nanoparticle-assisted NiOX intermediate recombination layer with bimolecular co-passivation at the perovskite/C60 interface, enabling conformal coverage on textured Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surfaces, suppressed defects, optimized band alignment and enhanced carrier extraction across both interfaces. Champion monolithic tandem cells achieve power conversion efficiencies of 31.09% (certified 30.57%, steady-state 30.32%) for small-area devices (0.0539 cm2) and 29.44% (certified 28.85%) for larger-area devices (1.0298 cm2). The optimized devices retain ~94% of their initial efficiency after >3,500 h of storage, ~91% after >750 h of continuous operation, and ~90% after 960 h of heating at 70 °C, demonstrating simultaneously enhanced efficiency and stability.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinating EV charging modes and energy system planning reveals uneven savings across Europe","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02121-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02121-7","url":null,"abstract":"Including the costs of charging infrastructure in a European energy system model reveals that unidirectional smart charging delivers up to 4.5% in annual system cost savings, whereas bidirectional charging technology generates substantial market revenues in solar-dominated systems. Thus, charging infrastructure targets should account for differences across diverse national energy systems.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 10","pages":"1396-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion-like overpotentials from non-diffusion mechanisms in battery particles","authors":"Nidhi Kapate, Shakul Pathak, Hyukjin Kweon, Jimmy J. Kuo, Hongbo Zhao, Seoyeon Jeong, Martin Z. Bazant, William C. Chueh, Stephen Dongmin Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-026-02118-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-026-02118-2","url":null,"abstract":"In batteries, overpotentials control power and energy density. When particle overpotentials evolve as the square root of time, researchers attribute the mechanism to solid-state chemical diffusion. However, this practice has led to reported diffusivities ranging over four orders of magnitude. Here we demonstrate that modifying the liquid electrolyte increases the apparent diffusion overpotential of LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 particles, even in thin electrodes. This finding challenges the conventional interpretation that equates square-root-of-time overpotentials to solid-state diffusion. We further show that electrolyte-penetrating pores in agglomerate particles can generate diffusion-like kinetics even without any diffusion processes. Electrolyte-penetrated pores produce a transmission-line configuration in chemical capacitance, leading to diffusion-like electrochemical behaviour. This demonstration highlights that square-root-of-time overpotentials are not exclusive to diffusion. Electroanalytical methods should therefore seek to identify specific physical origins rather than assume solid-state diffusion a priori. This finding suggests that the Li chemical diffusion coefficients and charge-transfer resistances reported in literature should be revisited. Low-frequency electrochemical responses in lithium-ion battery electrodes are widely interpreted as signatures of solid-state lithium diffusion. Here the authors show that electrolyte penetration in porous cathode particles can generate similar diffusion-like behaviour independent of bulk diffusion.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"11 10","pages":"1480-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":70.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}