High-temperature polymer composite capacitors with high energy density designed via machine learning

IF 60.1 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1038/s41560-025-01863-0

Minzheng Yang, Chaofan Wan, Le Zhou, Xiao Li, Jiayu Pan, Haoyang Li, Jian Wang, Weibin Ren, Binzhou Sun, Erxiang Xu, Yao Xiao, Mengfan Guo, Mufeng Zhang, Xin Li, Jianyong Jiang, Penghao Hu, Lian Duan, Ce-Wen Nan, Zhonghui Shen, Xun Wang, Yang Shen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Polymer dielectrics are the primary energy storage media in electrostatic capacitors, which are essential components in power electronics for electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Composite approach has been intensively explored to enhance the energy density (U_d) and breakdown strength (E_b) of polymers at high temperatures, but finding fillers with both a large bandgap (E_g) and high electronic affinity (E_a) remains challenging. Here, assisted by a generative machine learning approach, we discover and synthesize organic fillers of both a large E_g (~5.5 eV) and high E_a (~4.5 eV). These fillers enable polyimide composite films to deliver a U_d of 5.1 J cm⁻³ at discharge efficiency of 90% and 2 × 10⁵ charge–discharge cycles at 250 °C. Moreover, we fabricate high-quality, kilometre-scale composite films using roll-to-roll processing and demonstrate that industrial capacitors incorporating these metalized composite films exhibit stable discharge and self healing in harsh environments.

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利用机器学习技术设计高能量密度高温聚合物复合电容器

聚合物电介质是静电电容器的主要储能介质，静电电容器是电动汽车和可再生能源系统中电力电子器件的重要组成部分。人们已经深入探索了复合材料的方法，以提高聚合物在高温下的能量密度（Ud）和击穿强度（Eb），但寻找既具有大带隙（Eg）又具有高电子亲和性（Ea）的填料仍然具有挑战性。在生成式机器学习方法的帮助下，我们发现并合成了大Eg （~5.5 eV）和高Ea （~4.5 eV）的有机填料。这些填料使聚酰亚胺复合薄膜在放电效率为90%时的Ud为5.1 J cm−3，在250°C下可实现2 × 105次充放电循环。此外，我们利用卷对卷加工技术制造出高质量的公里级复合薄膜，并证明了采用这些金属化复合薄膜的工业电容器在恶劣环境下表现出稳定的放电和自我修复能力。

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来源期刊

Nature Energy Energy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology

CiteScore

75.10

自引率

1.10%

发文量

193

期刊介绍： Nature Energy is a monthly, online-only journal committed to showcasing the most impactful research on energy, covering everything from its generation and distribution to the societal implications of energy technologies and policies. With a focus on exploring all facets of the ongoing energy discourse, Nature Energy delves into topics such as energy generation, storage, distribution, management, and the societal impacts of energy technologies and policies. Emphasizing studies that push the boundaries of knowledge and contribute to the development of next-generation solutions, the journal serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas among stakeholders at the forefront of the energy sector. Maintaining the hallmark standards of the Nature brand, Nature Energy boasts a dedicated team of professional editors, a rigorous peer-review process, meticulous copy-editing and production, rapid publication times, and editorial independence. In addition to original research articles, Nature Energy also publishes a range of content types, including Comments, Perspectives, Reviews, News & Views, Features, and Correspondence, covering a diverse array of disciplines relevant to the field of energy.