Nature Energy最新文献_第10页

Impacts of renewable energy resources on the weather vulnerability of power systems 可再生能源对电力系统天气脆弱性的影响

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1

Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang

{"title":"Impacts of renewable energy resources on the weather vulnerability of power systems","authors":"Jin Zhao, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01652-1","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (WD-RESs) such as wind and solar has raised concerns about the security of electric power systems during abnormal weather conditions. The role of RESs has been discussed in worldwide blackout events, yet remains controversial. In this study, we find that although WD-RESs are non-dispatchable and weather sensitive, blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration WD-RES grids. The causal effects of WD-RESs on blackouts generally decrease in high-penetration WD-RES power systems, and WD-RESs are not mainly responsible for the occurrence of blackouts in extreme weather conditions. The results of our research contribute to the debate on RES integration and power system security, offer a guide for the study of power system resilience and provide a reference for the ambitious high-penetration RES goals of the future. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are weather sensitive, raising questions about the vulnerability of high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids during extreme weather events. Here the authors find that blackout intensities and extreme weather vulnerability are mitigated in high-penetration weather-dependent RES grids.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1407-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics 用于鉴定柔性光伏机械性能的弯曲测试协议

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2

Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora

{"title":"A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics","authors":"Kenjiro Fukuda, Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec, Osbel Almora","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices are a promising research field with potential for wearable, portable, indoor and internet-of-things applications. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, with flexible emerging PVs reporting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 24%. Yet, there is a need for a unifying protocol to assess PV performance, compare research results, and evaluate state-of-the-art achievements in flexible PVs. Here we present a protocol for measuring PCE over 1,000 bending cycles under 1% strain. Moreover, several good practice guidelines are proposed, including those related to bending procedures, flexibility testing with and without encapsulation, and ambient conditions during testing (for example, temperature, humidity and illumination). Notably, the importance of the uniform application of the bending radius and the testing of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the bending axis with respect to the direction of the electric current are emphasized. These recommendations aim to promote consistency in device comparison and allow for better reproducibility. The assessment of the mechanical properties of flexible solar cells lacks consistency. In this Perspective, Fukuda et al. outline standards and best practices for measuring and reporting photovoltaic performance under bending stresses, strain and load orientation.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1335-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the cost and emissions impacts, feasibility and scalability of battery electric ships 探索电池电动船舶的成本和排放影响、可行性和可扩展性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y

Hee Seung Moon, Won Young Park, Thomas Hendrickson, Amol Phadke, Natalie Popovich

{"title":"Exploring the cost and emissions impacts, feasibility and scalability of battery electric ships","authors":"Hee Seung Moon, Won Young Park, Thomas Hendrickson, Amol Phadke, Natalie Popovich","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01655-y","url":null,"abstract":"The United States’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals, along with targets set by the International Maritime Organization, create an opportunity for battery electric shipping. In this study, we model life-cycle costs and GHG emissions from shipping electrification, leveraging ship activity datasets from across the United States in 2021. We estimate that retrofitting 6,323 domestic ships under 1,000 gross tonnage to battery electric vessels would reduce US domestic shipping GHG emissions by up to 73% by 2035 from 2022 levels. By 2035, electrifying up to 85% of these ships could become cost effective versus internal combustion engine ships if they cover 99% of annual trips and charge from a deeply decarbonized grid. We find that charging demands from electrifying these ships could be concentrated at just 20 of 150 major ports nationwide. This study demonstrates that retrofitting to battery electric vessels has economic potential and could significantly accelerate GHG emission reductions. Battery electric shipping could contribute to US GHG emissions reductions goals. This study finds that electrifying 6,323 ships under 1,000 gross tonnage could cut U.S. maritime sector emissions up to 73% by 2035.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01655-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raising the bar for breakdown 提高故障处理标准

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01650-3

Erkan Aydin

引用次数: 0

Geospatial variation in carbon accounting of hydrogen production and implications for the US Inflation Reduction Act 制氢碳核算的地理空间差异及对《美国通货膨胀削减法》的影响

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0

Valeria Vallejo, Quoc Nguyen, Arvind P. Ravikumar

{"title":"Geospatial variation in carbon accounting of hydrogen production and implications for the US Inflation Reduction Act","authors":"Valeria Vallejo, Quoc Nguyen, Arvind P. Ravikumar","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0","url":null,"abstract":"Low-carbon hydrogen is considered a key component of global energy system decarbonization strategy. The US Inflation Reduction Act incentivizes low-carbon hydrogen production through tax credits that vary based on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of hydrogen. Blue hydrogen or hydrogen produced from natural gas coupled with carbon capture and sequestration is one such pathway. Here we develop a geospatial, measurement-informed model to estimate supply-chain specific life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of blue hydrogen produced with natural gas sourced from the Marcellus and Permian shale basins. We find that blue hydrogen production using Permian gas has a life-cycle emissions intensity of 7.4 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per kg hydrogen (kgCO2e kg−1 H2), more than twice that of hydrogen produced using Marcellus gas of 3.3 kgCO2e kg−1 H2. Eligibility for tax credits should therefore be based on life-cycle assessments that are supply-chain specific and measurement informed to ensure blue hydrogen projects are truly low carbon. New work highlights the importance of basing US Inflation Reduction Act tax credits for low-carbon hydrogen production on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity assessments that are project- and supply-chain specific and informed by direct measurements of methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1571-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01653-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical regeneration of high-purity CO2 from (bi)carbonates in a porous solid electrolyte reactor for efficient carbon capture 在多孔固体电解质反应器中从（生物）碳酸盐中电化学再生高纯度二氧化碳以实现高效碳捕获

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z

Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang

{"title":"Electrochemical regeneration of high-purity CO2 from (bi)carbonates in a porous solid electrolyte reactor for efficient carbon capture","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Fang, Peng Zhu, Yang Xia, Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01654-z","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) and absorbent regeneration are the most energy-intensive processes in carbon capture loops. Conventional carbon capture technologies typically consume substantial amounts of heat and involve multiple steps for regeneration. Here we demonstrated one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from carbon-containing solutions in a modular porous solid electrolyte (PSE) reactor. By performing hydrogen evolution and oxidation redox reactions, our PSE reactor selectively split NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solutions, which typically come from air contactors after CO2 absorption, into NaOH absorbent in the catholyte and high-purity CO2 gas in the PSE layer. No chemicals were consumed and no by-products were generated. High Na+-ion transport number (~90%), high capture capacity retention (~90%), low energy consumptions (50 kJ molCO2−1 and 118 kJ molCO2−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for bicarbonate, respectively) and long-term stability (>100 hours) were demonstrated. We achieved industrially relevant carbon regeneration rates of up to 1 A cm−2 (~18 mmol cm−2 h−1), highlighting the promising application potential. Carbon capture technologies often consume substantial amounts of heat and require multiple steps to release CO2 and regenerate the absorbent. Here the authors report one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and alkaline absorbent from (bi)carbonate solutions using a porous solid electrolyte reactor.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fair energy finance increases global equity in the green energy transition 公平的能源融资提高了绿色能源转型中的全球公平性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01607-6

引用次数: 0

Assessing cathode–electrolyte interphases in batteries 评估电池中的阴极-电解质间相

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y

Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu

{"title":"Assessing cathode–electrolyte interphases in batteries","authors":"Jie Xiao, Nicole Adelstein, Yujing Bi, Wenjuan Bian, Jordi Cabana, Corie L. Cobb, Yi Cui, Shen J. Dillon, Marca M. Doeff, Saiful M. Islam, Kevin Leung, Mengya Li, Feng Lin, Jun Liu, Hongmei Luo, Amy C. Marschilok, Ying Shirley Meng, Yue Qi, Ritu Sahore, Kayla G. Sprenger, Robert C. Tenent, Michael F. Toney, Wei Tong, Liwen F. Wan, Chongmin Wang, Stephen E. Weitzner, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01639-y","url":null,"abstract":"The cathode–electrolyte interphase plays a pivotal role in determining the usable capacity and cycling stability of electrochemical cells, yet it is overshadowed by its counterpart, the solid–electrolyte interphase. This is primarily due to the prevalence of side reactions, particularly at low potentials on the negative electrode, especially in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries where the charge cutoff voltage is limited. However, as the quest for high-energy battery technologies intensifies, there is a pressing need to advance the study of cathode–electrolyte interphase properties. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to analyse the cathode–electrolyte interphase in battery systems. We underscore the importance of employing model cathode materials and coin cell protocols to establish baseline performance. Additionally, we delve into the factors behind the inconsistent and occasionally controversial findings related to the cathode–electrolyte interphase. We also address the challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating the cathode–electrolyte interphase, offering potential solutions to enhance its relevance to real-world applications. The cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is vital for battery cell capacity and stability but receives less attention than the solid–electrolyte interphase. The authors review CEI properties, emphasize using model cathode materials and coin cell protocols, and address challenges and opportunities in characterizing and simulating CEI for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1463-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building interphases for electrode-free batteries 构建无电极电池的相间结构

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01632-5

Jiafeng Lei, Yi-Chun Lu

引用次数: 0

US industrial policy may reduce electric vehicle battery supply chain vulnerabilities and influence technology choice 美国产业政策可降低电动汽车电池供应链的脆弱性并影响技术选择

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w

Anthony L. Cheng, Erica R. H. Fuchs, Jeremy J. Michalek

{"title":"US industrial policy may reduce electric vehicle battery supply chain vulnerabilities and influence technology choice","authors":"Anthony L. Cheng, Erica R. H. Fuchs, Jeremy J. Michalek","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01649-w","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) incentives for electric vehicle battery technology and supply chain decisions. We find that the total value of available credits exceeds estimated battery production costs, but qualifying for all available credits is difficult. IRA cell and module credits alone bring estimated US battery production costs in line with China. In contrast, IRA material extraction and processing credits are modest. IRA’s end-user purchase credits are restricted to electric vehicles whose battery supply chains exclude foreign entities of concern, including China. This incentivizes diversification of the entire supply chain, but leasing avoids these restrictions. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have potential to more easily reduce supply chain vulnerabilities and qualify for incentives, but they have smaller total available incentives than nickel/cobalt-based batteries. Overall, the IRA primarily incentivizes downstream battery manufacturing diversification, whereas upstream supply implications depend on automaker responses to foreign entities of concern and leasing rules. The Inflation Reduction Act increases the competitiveness of US electric vehicle battery manufacturing and incentivizes supply chain diversification, but reducing vulnerabilities will depend on automaker choices in battery design and navigating regulations.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1561-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0