Nature Energy最新文献_第10页

Towards carbon-neutral and clean propulsion in heavy-duty transportation with hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels 利用加氢甲酰化费托燃料实现重型交通工具的碳中和清洁推进

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z

Simon Voelker, Niklas Groll, Marvin Bachmann, Leonard Mueller, Marcel Neumann, Theodoros Kossioris, Paul Muthyala, Bastian Lehrheuer, Marius Hofmeister, Andreas Vorholt, Katharina Schmitz, Stefan Pischinger, Walter Leitner, André Bardow

{"title":"Towards carbon-neutral and clean propulsion in heavy-duty transportation with hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels","authors":"Simon Voelker, Niklas Groll, Marvin Bachmann, Leonard Mueller, Marcel Neumann, Theodoros Kossioris, Paul Muthyala, Bastian Lehrheuer, Marius Hofmeister, Andreas Vorholt, Katharina Schmitz, Stefan Pischinger, Walter Leitner, André Bardow","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01581-z","url":null,"abstract":"Clean transport requires tailored energy carriers. For heavy-duty transportation, synthetic fuels are promising but must fulfil the key challenges of achieving carbon neutrality while reducing air pollution and ensuring scalability through compatibility with existing infrastructure. Here we show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch (HyFiT) fuels composed of optimized alkane–alcohol blends simultaneously address these challenges. First, the design of the HyFiT fuel process flexibly closes the carbon cycle by employing biomass or carbon dioxide as feedstock, while being scalable through mature technologies. Second, fuel testing shows that HyFiT fuels comply with global fuel standards. Material compatibility is demonstrated for two standard sealing materials, enabling the retrofit of today’s vehicle fleets. Third, vehicle testing shows that HyFiT fuels substantially reduce combustion-induced particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. Fourth, a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment finds that HyFiT fuels enable the transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, showing simultaneously a favourable profile in other environmental parameters. HyFiT fuels can thus complement electrification for heavy-duty transportation. For synthetic fuels to aid in a transition towards cleaner transportation, they must fulfil criteria related to scalability, compatibility with existing infrastructure and environmental impacts. Here the authors show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels comprising optimized alkane–alcohol blends are promising candidates when judged by these metrics.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1220-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01581-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploiting different electricity markets via highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis 通过高度费率不匹配的模块化电化学合成技术开拓不同的电力市场

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8

Rui Wang, Jiaze Ma, Hongyuan Sheng, Victor M. Zavala, Song Jin

{"title":"Exploiting different electricity markets via highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis","authors":"Rui Wang, Jiaze Ma, Hongyuan Sheng, Victor M. Zavala, Song Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01578-8","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigating the inherent spatio-temporal stochasticity and intermittency of renewable power is key for enabling the decarbonization of the power grid and motivates the development of flexible technologies that can shift power demand and supply across space–time and scales. Here we develop an electrochemical synthesis strategy capable of providing demand (load) flexibility at different timescales by participating in multiple electricity markets (day ahead, real time and frequency regulation). Using a fast proton-conducting redox material, copper hexacyanoferrate, highly rate-mismatched modular electrochemical synthesis was achieved by decoupling half reactions with different intrinsic kinetics to produce chemicals under drastically different reaction rates and timescales: the fast hydrogen evolution reaction and slow persulfate production reaction. Such a strategy enables flexible participation in different electricity markets and can reduce electricity cost of chemical production by 30–40%. These results open a conceptual strategy for flexibly integrating modular electrochemical manufacturing processes into the fluctuating power grid to achieve more economical and sustainable operations. The inflexibility of power grids can lead to stranded renewable power that cannot be absorbed by the grid. Here Wang et al. report a modular electrochemical strategy for the production of useful chemicals that can provide demand flexibility, enabling participation in different electricity markets.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 9","pages":"1064-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular cation and low-dimensional perovskite surface passivation in perovskite solar cells 过氧化物太阳能电池中的分子阳离子和低维过氧化物表面钝化

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3

Sam Teale, Matteo Degani, Bin Chen, Edward H. Sargent, Giulia Grancini

{"title":"Molecular cation and low-dimensional perovskite surface passivation in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Sam Teale, Matteo Degani, Bin Chen, Edward H. Sargent, Giulia Grancini","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01529-3","url":null,"abstract":"The deposition of large ammonium cations onto perovskite surfaces to passivate defects and reduce contact recombination has enabled exceptional efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells. These ammonium cations can either assemble as a thin molecular layer at the perovskite surface or induce the formation of a low-dimensional (usually two-dimensional) perovskite capping layer on top of the three-dimensional perovskite. The formation of these two different structures is often overlooked by researchers, although they impact differently on device operation. In this Review, we seek to distinguish between these two passivation layers. We consider the conditions needed for the formation of low-dimensional perovskite and the electronic properties of the two structures. We discuss the mechanisms by which each method improves photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Finally, we summarize the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to better understand and optimize ammonium cation-based passivation strategies. Ammonium salts are used to passivate defects in perovskite solar cells, yet they can either assemble as molecular layers or induce the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. Teale et al. review and discuss the formation and properties of these two different structures and their impact on devices.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 7","pages":"779-792"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the SO2 tolerance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts using a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design 利用聚合物/催化剂/离子体异质结设计提高二氧化碳还原电催化剂的二氧化硫耐受性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9

Panagiotis Papangelakis, Rui Kai Miao, Ruihu Lu, Hanqi Liu, Xi Wang, Adnan Ozden, Shijie Liu, Ning Sun, Colin P. O’Brien, Yongfeng Hu, Mohsen Shakouri, Qunfeng Xiao, Mengsha Li, Behrooz Khatir, Jianan Erick Huang, Yakun Wang, Yurou Celine Xiao, Feng Li, Ali Shayesteh Zeraati, Qiang Zhang, Pengyu Liu, Kevin Golovin, Jane Y. Howe, Hongyan Liang, Ziyun Wang, Jun Li, Edward H. Sargent, David Sinton

{"title":"Improving the SO2 tolerance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts using a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design","authors":"Panagiotis Papangelakis, Rui Kai Miao, Ruihu Lu, Hanqi Liu, Xi Wang, Adnan Ozden, Shijie Liu, Ning Sun, Colin P. O’Brien, Yongfeng Hu, Mohsen Shakouri, Qunfeng Xiao, Mengsha Li, Behrooz Khatir, Jianan Erick Huang, Yakun Wang, Yurou Celine Xiao, Feng Li, Ali Shayesteh Zeraati, Qiang Zhang, Pengyu Liu, Kevin Golovin, Jane Y. Howe, Hongyan Liang, Ziyun Wang, Jun Li, Edward H. Sargent, David Sinton","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01577-9","url":null,"abstract":"The high concentrations of CO2 in industrial flue gases make these point sources attractive candidates for renewably powered electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to products. However, trace SO2 in common flue gases rapidly and irreversibly poisons catalysts. Here we report that limiting hydrogen adsorption in the vicinity of electrochemically active sites deactivates SO2 to enable efficient CO2 conversion. We realize this approach via a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with combined hydrophobic and highly charged hydrophilic domains that diminish hydrogen adsorption and promote CO2 over SO2 transport. We develop an SO2-tolerant system that maintains ~50% faradaic efficiency towards multi-carbon products for over 150 h (at 100 mA cm–2). Extending this strategy to a high-surface-area composite catalyst, we achieve faradaic efficiencies of 84%, partial current densities of up to 790 mA cm–2 and energy efficiencies of ~25% towards multi-carbon products with a CO2 stream containing 400 ppm SO2, a performance that is competitive with the best reports using pure CO2. While the high concentration of CO2 in flue gas makes it an attractive feedstock for electrocatalytic production of useful molecules, SO2 contaminants can poison catalysts. Here the authors report a polymer/catalyst/ionomer heterojunction design with hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains that improves the SO2 tolerance of a Cu catalyst.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 8","pages":"1011-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design principles for enabling an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery 实现无阳极钠全固态电池的设计原则

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9

Grayson Deysher, Jin An Sam Oh, Yu-Ting Chen, Baharak Sayahpour, So-Yeon Ham, Diyi Cheng, Phillip Ridley, Ashley Cronk, Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin, Kun Qian, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jihyun Jang, Ying Shirley Meng

{"title":"Design principles for enabling an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery","authors":"Grayson Deysher, Jin An Sam Oh, Yu-Ting Chen, Baharak Sayahpour, So-Yeon Ham, Diyi Cheng, Phillip Ridley, Ashley Cronk, Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin, Kun Qian, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jihyun Jang, Ying Shirley Meng","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9","url":null,"abstract":"Anode-free batteries possess the optimal cell architecture due to their reduced weight, volume and cost. However, their implementation has been limited by unstable anode morphological changes and anode–liquid electrolyte interface reactions. Here we show that an electrochemically stable solid electrolyte and the application of stack pressure can solve these issues by enabling the deposition of dense sodium metal. Furthermore, an aluminium current collector is found to achieve intimate solid–solid contact with the solid electrolyte, which allows highly reversible sodium plating and stripping at both high areal capacities and current densities, previously unobtainable with conventional aluminium foil. A sodium anode-free all-solid-state battery full cell is demonstrated with stable cycling for several hundred cycles. This cell architecture serves as a future direction for other battery chemistries to enable low-cost, high-energy-density and fast-charging batteries. Anode-free batteries are cost effective but limited by unstable anode morphology and interface reactions. Here the authors discuss design parameters and construct an anode-free sodium solid-state battery using compressed aluminium particles as the anode current collector to improve cycling performance.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 9","pages":"1161-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the large role of long-distance travel in carbon emissions from passenger travel 了解长途旅行在客运碳排放中的巨大作用

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3

Zia Wadud, Muhammad Adeel, Jillian Anable

{"title":"Understanding the large role of long-distance travel in carbon emissions from passenger travel","authors":"Zia Wadud, Muhammad Adeel, Jillian Anable","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01561-3","url":null,"abstract":"Long-distance passenger travel has received rather sparse attention for decarbonization. Here we characterize the long-distance travel pattern in England and explore its importance on carbon emissions from and decarbonization of passenger travel. We find that only 2.7% of a person’s trips are for long distance travel (>50 miles one-way), but they account for 61.3% of the miles and 69.3% of the greenhouse gas (CO2 equivalent) emissions from passenger travel, highlighting its importance for decarbonizing passenger transport. Long-distance travel per person has also been increasing over time, trending in the opposite direction to shorter-distance travel. Flying for leisure and social purposes are the largest contributors to long distance miles and emissions, and these miles are also increasing. Overall, per capita travel emissions have started decreasing slowly from 2007, but are still higher than in 1997. We propose a new metric—emissions reduction sensitivity (% emission reduced/% trips altered)—to understand the efficiency of travel demand related initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Long-distance travel—especially flying—can offer orders of magnitude larger emissions reduction sensitivity compared with urban travel, which suggests that a proportionate policy approach is necessary. Decarbonization of transport is critical for emissions reduction goals, but understanding long-distance passenger travel patterns remains difficult. This study combines different travel surveys in England to explore long-distance travel and its oversized impact on emissions, proposing a new metric to examine decarbonization potential.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 9","pages":"1129-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01561-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barrier reinforcement for enhanced perovskite solar cell stability under reverse bias 在反向偏压下增强过氧化物太阳能电池稳定性的势垒加固技术

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01579-7

Nengxu Li, Zhifang Shi, Chengbin Fei, Haoyang Jiao, Mingze Li, Hangyu Gu, Steven P. Harvey, Yifan Dong, Matthew C. Beard, Jinsong Huang

{"title":"Barrier reinforcement for enhanced perovskite solar cell stability under reverse bias","authors":"Nengxu Li, Zhifang Shi, Chengbin Fei, Haoyang Jiao, Mingze Li, Hangyu Gu, Steven P. Harvey, Yifan Dong, Matthew C. Beard, Jinsong Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01579-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01579-7","url":null,"abstract":"Stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under light, heat, humidity and their combinations have been notably improved recently. However, PSCs have poor reverse-bias stability that limits their real-world application. Here we report a systematic study on the degradation mechanisms of p–i–n structure PSCs under reverse bias. The oxidation of iodide by injected holes at the cathode side initialize the reverse-bias-induced degradation, then the generated neutral iodine oxidizes metal electrode such as copper, followed by drift of Cu+ into perovskites and its reduction by injected electrons, resulting in localized metallic filaments and thus device breakdown. A reinforced barrier with combined lithium fluoride, tin oxide and indium tin oxide at the cathode side reduces device dark current and avoids the corrosion of Cu0. It dramatically increases breakdown voltage to above −20 V and improved the T90 lifetime of PSCs to ~1,000 h under –1.6 V. The modified minimodule also maintained over 90% of its initial performance after 720 h of shadow tests. The stability of perovskite photovoltaics under reverse bias is limited and thus an issue for real-world applications. Nengxu Li and colleagues report the underlying degradation mechanism at the cathode side and a multilayer barrier to minimize it.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1264-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversifying heat sources in China’s urban district heating systems will reduce risk of carbon lock-in 中国城市区域供热系统热源多样化将降低碳锁定风险

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01560-4

Shangwei Liu, Yang Guo, Fabian Wagner, Hongxun Liu, Ryna Yiyun Cui, Denise L. Mauzerall

{"title":"Diversifying heat sources in China’s urban district heating systems will reduce risk of carbon lock-in","authors":"Shangwei Liu, Yang Guo, Fabian Wagner, Hongxun Liu, Ryna Yiyun Cui, Denise L. Mauzerall","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01560-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01560-4","url":null,"abstract":"China’s clean heating policy since 2017 has notably improved air quality. However, the share of non-fossil sources in China’s urban district heating systems remain low, and many new coal-fired combined heat and power plants are being built. Strategic choices for district heating technologies are necessary for China to reach peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Here we find that replacing polluting coal technologies with new and improved coal-fired combined heat and power plants will lead to substantial carbon lock-in and hinder decommissioning of associated coal-fired electricity generation. Expanding the use of industrial waste heat and air/ground-source heat pumps can avoid the need for new combined heat and power construction and reduce carbon emissions by 26% from 2020 to 2030. Our findings indicate the importance of the government’s recent proposals to decarbonize district heating. China’s continuing reliance on coal in district heating risks considerable carbon lock-in and hinders decommissioning of coal-fired electricity generation. This work outlines how the government can achieve its proposal to decarbonize district heating.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 8","pages":"1021-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: A multi-material cascade elastocaloric cooling device for large temperature lift 作者更正：用于大升温的多材料级联弹性冷却装置

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01587-7

Guoan Zhou, Zexi Li, Qiuhong Wang, Yuxiang Zhu, Peng Hua, Shuhuai Yao, Qingping Sun

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Evaluating community solar as a measure to promote equitable clean energy access 作者更正：将社区太阳能作为促进公平获取清洁能源的措施进行评估

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01586-8

Eric O’Shaughnessy, Galen Barbose, Sudha Kannan, Jenny Sumner

引用次数: 0