Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02113-x
Atishay Jay, Carlos M. Pondevida, Golnaz Vahedi
{"title":"The epigenetic landscape of fate decisions in T cells","authors":"Atishay Jay, Carlos M. Pondevida, Golnaz Vahedi","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02113-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02113-x","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized T cell subsets mediate adaptive immunity in response to cytokine signaling and specific transcription factor activity. The epigenetic landscape of T cells has an important role in facilitating and establishing T cell fate decisions. Here, we review the interplay between transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA methylation and three-dimensional chromatin organization to define key elements of the epigenetic landscape in T cells. We introduce key technologies in the areas of sequencing, microscopy and proteomics that have enabled the multi-scale profiling of the epigenetic landscape. We highlight the dramatic changes of the epigenetic landscape as multipotent progenitor cells commit to the T cell lineage during development and discuss the epigenetic changes that favor the emergence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we discuss the inheritance of epigenetic marks and its potential effects on immune responses as well as therapeutic strategies with potential for epigenetic regulation. Vahedi and colleagues review the mechanisms shaping the epigenetic landscape of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during development and differentiation.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"544-556"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02117-7
Shane M. O’Carroll, Luke A. J. O’Neill
{"title":"Recycling dead bacteria to fuel macrophage immunometabolism","authors":"Shane M. O’Carroll, Luke A. J. O’Neill","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02117-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02117-7","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophages can recycle nutrients and metabolites from bacteria that they phagocytose. New work is showing how this process can differ between dead and viable bacteria and the effect this distinction has on regulating immune responses and the immunometabolism of the macrophage.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"529-530"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02115-9
Erica L. Braverman, Dario A. A. Vignali, Creg J. Workman
{"title":"Multiplex targeting of immune-modulating genes in cancer","authors":"Erica L. Braverman, Dario A. A. Vignali, Creg J. Workman","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02115-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02115-9","url":null,"abstract":"A combinatorial therapeutic strategy that modulates several gene targets within the tumor microenvironment through a CRISPR–Cas13d system leads to a significant boost in anti-tumor immunity and ultimately tumor clearance.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"531-533"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02116-8
Gustavo Gastão Davanzo, Jonathan Kipnis
{"title":"The brain’s regulators","authors":"Gustavo Gastão Davanzo, Jonathan Kipnis","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02116-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02116-8","url":null,"abstract":"Once seen as a passive barrier, the dura mater is now recognized as an active immune site. A study now suggests that regulatory T cells within the dura mater modulate immune responses by restricting the production of IFNγ and controlling immune cell infiltration in the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"534-535"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02118-6
Joseph J. Breen, Robert W. Eisinger, Sarah W. Read, John Beigel, Tara N. Palmore, H. Clifford Lane, Joseph P. Menetski, Stacey J. Adam, Elizabeth Geerling, Emma Roy, Julie Gerberding, Jeanne M. Marrazzo
{"title":"Navigating the path forward for evidence-based management of long COVID","authors":"Joseph J. Breen, Robert W. Eisinger, Sarah W. Read, John Beigel, Tara N. Palmore, H. Clifford Lane, Joseph P. Menetski, Stacey J. Adam, Elizabeth Geerling, Emma Roy, Julie Gerberding, Jeanne M. Marrazzo","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02118-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02118-6","url":null,"abstract":"The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) held a three-day workshop to assess the landscape of long COVID clinical studies and develop plans for the RECOVER-TLC clinical trials program.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"536-539"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02118-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02104-y
Xiaogang Feng, Tilde Andersson, Pascal Flüchter, Julia Gschwend, Ivan Berest, Julian L. Muff, Antonie Lechner, Aurelia Gondrand, Patrick Westermann, Nina Brander, Daniele Carchidi, Jeshua C. De Tenorio, Tianlang Pan, Ulrich Boehm, Christoph S. N. Klose, David Artis, Christoph B. Messner, Trese Leinders-Zufall, Frank Zufall, Christoph Schneider
{"title":"Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation","authors":"Xiaogang Feng, Tilde Andersson, Pascal Flüchter, Julia Gschwend, Ivan Berest, Julian L. Muff, Antonie Lechner, Aurelia Gondrand, Patrick Westermann, Nina Brander, Daniele Carchidi, Jeshua C. De Tenorio, Tianlang Pan, Ulrich Boehm, Christoph S. N. Klose, David Artis, Christoph B. Messner, Trese Leinders-Zufall, Frank Zufall, Christoph Schneider","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02104-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02104-y","url":null,"abstract":"The tuft cell–group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) circuit orchestrates rapid type 2 responses upon detecting microbially derived succinate and luminal helminths. Our findings delineate key mechanistic steps involving IP3R2 engagement and Ca2+ flux, governing interleukin-25 (IL-25) production by tuft cells triggered by succinate detection. While IL-17RB has a pivotal intrinsic role in ILC2 activation, it exerts a regulatory function in tuft cells. Tuft cells exhibit constitutive Il25 expression, placing them in an anticipatory state that facilitates rapid production of IL-25 protein for ILC2 activation. Tuft cell IL-17RB is crucial for restraining IL-25 bioavailability, preventing excessive tonic ILC2 stimulation due to basal Il25 expression. Supraoptimal ILC2 stimulation by IL-25 resulting from tuft cell Il17rb deficiency or prolonged succinate exposure induces a state of hypoproliferation in ILC2s, also observed in chronic helminth infection. Our study offers critical insights into the regulatory dynamics of IL-25 in this circuit, highlighting the delicate tuning required for responses to diverse luminal states. Tuft cells constitutively express IL-25 to sustain ILC2 homeostasis in the intestine, but mechanisms driving IL-25 secretion have been unclear. Here, Feng et al. find that tuft cells express IL-17RB, which is required to regulate the bioavailability of IL-25 and to restrain the activation of ILC2s during homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"567-581"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02104-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02111-z
{"title":"Stored mRNA enables rapid cytokine production in tissue-resident memory T cells","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02111-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02111-z","url":null,"abstract":"Using single-cell RNA sequencing and mRNA translation analysis, we identified CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells as a primary T cell subset that stores cytokine mRNA that can subsequently be translated upon T cell activation to rapidly produce cytokine proteins.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"542-543"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02114-w
Maria G. Masucci, Ingemar Ernberg
{"title":"Eva Klein (1925–2025)","authors":"Maria G. Masucci, Ingemar Ernberg","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02114-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02114-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"527-527"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature ImmunologyPub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02105-x
Nariaki Asada, Pauline Ginsberg, Hans-Joachim Paust, Ning Song, Jan-Hendrik Riedel, Jan-Eric Turner, Anett Peters, Anna Kaffke, Jonas Engesser, Huiying Wang, Yu Zhao, Robin Khatri, Philipp Gild, Roland Dahlem, Björn-Philipp Diercks, Sarada Das, Zoya Ignatova, Tobias B. Huber, Immo Prinz, Nicola Gagliani, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, Christian F. Krebs, Ulf Panzer
{"title":"The integrated stress response pathway controls cytokine production in tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells","authors":"Nariaki Asada, Pauline Ginsberg, Hans-Joachim Paust, Ning Song, Jan-Hendrik Riedel, Jan-Eric Turner, Anett Peters, Anna Kaffke, Jonas Engesser, Huiying Wang, Yu Zhao, Robin Khatri, Philipp Gild, Roland Dahlem, Björn-Philipp Diercks, Sarada Das, Zoya Ignatova, Tobias B. Huber, Immo Prinz, Nicola Gagliani, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, Christian F. Krebs, Ulf Panzer","doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02105-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-025-02105-x","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a specialized T cell population that reside in tissues and provide a rapid protective response upon activation. Here, we showed that human and mouse CD4+ TRM cells existed in a poised state and stored messenger RNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines without protein production. At steady state, cytokine mRNA translation in TRM cells was suppressed by the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Upon activation, the central ISR regulator, eIF2α, was dephosphorylated and stored cytokine mRNA was translated for immediate cytokine production. Genetic or pharmacological activation of the ISR–eIF2α pathway reduced cytokine production and ameliorated autoimmune kidney disease in mice. Consistent with these results, the ISR pathway in CD4+ TRM cells was downregulated in patients with immune-mediated diseases of the kidney and the intestine compared to healthy controls. Our results indicated that stored cytokine mRNA and translational regulation in CD4+ TRM cells facilitate rapid cytokine production during local immune response. Panzer and colleagues show that the integrated stress response pathway regulates cytokine translation in CD4+ TRM cells during homeostasis and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"26 4","pages":"557-566"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02105-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}