Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes in relation to achieved glycemic control. A Danish nationwide study","authors":"Bochra Zareini, Katrine Kold Sørensen, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Emil Loldrup Fosbøl, Lars Køber, Christian Torp-Pedersen","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13560","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13560","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the cardiovascular preventive effect associated with glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) according to the achieved target level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used retrospective Danish registries to include type 2 diabetes patients already in metformin treatment initiating GLP-1 RA or DPP-4i between 2007 and 2021. Patients were included 6 months after GLP-1 RA or DPP-4i initiation. The last available HbA1c measurement before inclusion was collected. The achieved HbA1c level was categorized according to a target level below or above 53 mmol/mol (7%). The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and all-cause death. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the effect of HbA1c levels on the outcome among GLP-1 RA users compared to DPP-4i users.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 13 634 GLP-1 RA users (median age 56.9, interquartile range [IQR]: 48.5–65.5; 53% males) and 39 839 DPP-4i users (median age 63.4, IQR: 54.6–71.8; 61% males). The number of GLP-1 RA and DPP-4i users according to achieved HbA1c levels were as follows: HbA1c ≤ 53 mmol/mol (≤7.0%): 3026 (22%) versus 4824 (12%); HbA1c > 53 mmol/mol (>7.0%): 6577 (48%) versus 17 508 (44%); missing HbA1c: 4031 (30%) versus 17 507 (44%). During a median follow-up of 5 years (IQR: 2.6–5.0), 954 GLP-1 RA users experienced the primary outcome compared to 7093 DPP-4i users. The 5-year risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the outcome associated with GLP1-RA versus DPP-4i according to HbA1c categories was as follows: HbA1c ≤ 53 mmol/mol: 10.3% (8.2–12.3) versus 24.3% (22.7–25.8); HbA1c > 53 mmol/mol: 16.0% (14.3–17.6) versus 21.1% (20.3–21.9); missing HbA1c: 17.1% (15.7–18.5) versus 25.6% (24.9–26.3). The preventive effect associated with GLP-1 RA versus DPP-4i was significantly enhanced when achieving lower HbA1c levels: HbA1c ≤ 53 mmol/mol: 0.65 (0.52–0.80); HbA1c > 53 mmol/mol: 0.92 (0.83–1.03); missing HbA1c: 0.92 (0.84–1.02) (<i>p</i> value for interaction <.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GLP-1 RA use was associated with a lower rate of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The association was stronger in patients achieving the target glycemic level and weaker in patients not achieving the target glycemic level, suggestive of an interaction between achieved HbA1c level and GLP-1 RA.</p>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optogenetic therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus","authors":"Xin Deng,&nbsp;Dandan Peng,&nbsp;Yuanfa Yao,&nbsp;Ke Huang,&nbsp;Jinling Wang,&nbsp;Zhihao Ma,&nbsp;Junfen Fu,&nbsp;Yingke Xu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. It is characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to the failure of insulin production or reduction of insulin sensitivity and functionality. Insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 replenishment or improvement of insulin resistance are the two major strategies to treat diabetes. Recently, optogenetics that uses genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins to precisely control cell functions has been regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Here, we summarize the latest development of optogenetics and its integration with synthetic biology approaches to produce light-responsive cells for insulin/GLP-1 production, amelioration of insulin resistance and neuromodulation of insulin secretion. In addition, we introduce the development of cell encapsulation and delivery methods and smart bioelectronic devices for the in vivo application of optogenetics-based cell therapy in diabetes. The remaining challenges for optogenetics-based cell therapy in the clinical translational study are also discussed.</p><p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA SNHG14 silencing attenuates the progression of diabetic nephropathy via the miR-30e-5p/SOX4 axis","authors":"YunXia Wang,&nbsp;JiaJia Yang,&nbsp;Chun Wu,&nbsp;Yuqin Guo,&nbsp;Yuan Ding,&nbsp;Xiujuan Zou","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetic complication. LncRNAs are reported to participate in the pathophysiology of DN. Here, the function and mechanism of lncRNA <i>small nucleolar RNA host gene</i> <i>14</i> (<i>SNHG14</i>) in DN were explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mouse models and high glucose (HG)-treated human mesangial cells (MCs) were used to detect <i>SNHG14</i> expression. <i>SNHG14</i> silencing plasmids were applied to examine the function of <i>SNHG14</i> on proliferation and fibrosis in HG-treated MCs. Potential targets of <i>SNHG14</i> were predicted using bioinformatics tools and verified by luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, and northern blotting assays. The functional role of <i>SNHG14</i> in DN in vivo was detected by injection with adenoviral vector carrying sh-<i>SNHG14</i> into DN mice. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, 24-h proteinuria, relative kidney weight, and renal pathological changes were examined in DN mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>SNHG14</i> expression was elevated in the kidneys of DN mice and HG-treated MCs. <i>SNHG14</i> silencing inhibited proliferation and fibrosis of HG-stimulated MCs. <i>SNHG14</i> bound to <i>miR-30e-5p</i> to upregulate <i>SOX4</i> expression. In rescue assays, <i>SOX4</i> elevation diminished the effects of <i>SNHG14</i> silencing in HG-treated MCs, and <i>SOX4</i> silencing reversed the effects of <i>SNHG14</i> overexpression. In in vivo studies, <i>SNHG14</i> downregulation significantly ameliorated renal injuries and renal interstitial fibrosis in DN mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>SNHG14</i> silencing attenuates kidney injury in DN mice and reduces proliferation and fibrotic phenotype of HG-stimulated MCs via the <i>miR-30e-5p</i>/<i>SOX4</i> axis.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing long-term outcomes of children treated with new-onset type 2 diabetes in an outpatient versus inpatient setting: A retrospective chart review","authors":"Adesh Ranganna,&nbsp;Wenya Chen,&nbsp;Sean DeLacey,&nbsp;Juan Lado,&nbsp;Laura Levin,&nbsp;Anita Swamy,&nbsp;Monica E. Bianco","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13571","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early identification and management of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is crucial for improving long-term outcomes. This study aimed to assess if the severity of T2DM at presentation, inferred by the location of treatment initiation (inpatient or outpatient), influences long-term clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective chart review was conducted on 116 pediatric T2DM patients. Data on treatment initiation location, initial and subsequent glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, prescribed insulin, and body mass index were collected from electronic medical records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 116 patients, 69 were initially treated in an inpatient setting, and 47 received outpatient treatment. At treatment initiation, the inpatient group had significantly higher HbA1c levels compared to the outpatient group (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), but 3 years after treatment initiation, no significant difference in HbA1c was observed between the two groups (<i>p</i> = .057). Prescribed insulin dosages were higher in the inpatient group at treatment initiation (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) and remained higher after 3 years (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.003) compared to the outpatient group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pediatric patients initially treated in an inpatient setting had poorer glycemic control and higher prescribed insulin dosing at baseline. After 3 years, there was no significant difference in HbA1c levels, but patients treated as inpatients continued to have higher prescribed insulin. These findings suggest that the severity of diabetes at initial presentation may affect long-term clinical outcomes in children with T2DM.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal effects and safety between Asian and non-Asian chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes treated with nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists","authors":"Xiaoming Xu,&nbsp;Jing Feng,&nbsp;Yuying Cui,&nbsp;Pingjiang Li,&nbsp;Jianjun Dong,&nbsp;Lin Liao","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asians bear a heavier burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), than non-Asians. Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have garnered attention for their potential advantages in renal outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact on diverse ethnic groups remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and clinical trial registries were searched through August 2023 with the following keywords: nonsteroidal MRAs (finerenone, apararenone, esaxerenone, AZD9977, KBP-5074), CKD, T2DM, and randomized controlled trial (RCT). A random effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven RCTs with 14 997 participants were enrolled. Nonsteroidal MRAs reduced urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) significantly more in Asians than non-Asians: (weighted mean difference [WMD], −0.59, 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.45, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) vs (WMD, −0.29, 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.27, <i>p</i> &lt; .01), respectively. The average decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was similar in Asians and non-Asians (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). Regarding systolic blood pressure (SBP), nonsteroidal MRAs had a better antihypertension performance in Asians (WMD, −5.12, 95% CI, −5.84 to −4.41, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) compared to non-Asians (WMD, −3.64, 95% CI, −4.38 to −2.89, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). A higher incidence of hyperkalemia and eGFR decrease ≥30% was found in Asians than non-Asians (<i>p</i> &lt; .01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonsteroidal MRAs exhibited significant renal benefits by decreasing UACR and lowering SBP in Asian than that of non-Asian patients with CKD and T2DM, without increase of adverse events except hyperkalemia and eGFR decrease ≥30%.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017–2018","authors":"Zhiliang Mai,&nbsp;Yinfei Chen,&nbsp;Hua Mao,&nbsp;Lisheng Wang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13569","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13569","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown that sarcopenic obesity (SO) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research is limited in the context of the NAFLD renamed as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) defined by updated diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to use the index skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) to describe SO in a large and representative US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018) of adults and investigate their association with MASLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2087 individuals were included in the analysis. SVR was calculated according to the measurement of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and MASLD was diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter scores and cardiometabolic risk factors. SVR was divided into tertiles. Logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the association between SVR and MASLD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between SVR and MASLD was shown (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–7.39, <i>p</i> = .010 for middle levels of SVR; OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45–10.08, <i>p</i> = .007 for lowest levels of SVR). The sensitivity analyses confirmed that the association was robust.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings imply that decreased SVR is linked to MASLD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium: A pooled analysis of more than a half million participants","authors":"Katherine De la Torre,&nbsp;Minkyo Song,&nbsp;Sarah Krull Abe,&nbsp;Md. Shafiur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Rashedul Islam,&nbsp;Eiko Saito,&nbsp;Sukhong Min,&nbsp;Dan Huang,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Prakash C. Gupta,&nbsp;Norie Sawada,&nbsp;Akiko Tamakoshi,&nbsp;Xiao-Ou Shu,&nbsp;Wanqing Wen,&nbsp;Ritsu Sakata,&nbsp;Jeongseon Kim,&nbsp;Chisato Nagata,&nbsp;Hidemi Ito,&nbsp;Sue K. Park,&nbsp;Myung-Hee Shin,&nbsp;Mangesh S. Pednekar,&nbsp;Shoichiro Tsugane,&nbsp;Takashi Kimura,&nbsp;Yu-Tang Gao,&nbsp;Hui Cai,&nbsp;Keiko Wada,&nbsp;Isao Oze,&nbsp;Aesun Shin,&nbsp;Yoon-Ok Ahn,&nbsp;Habibul Ahsan,&nbsp;Paolo Boffetta,&nbsp;Kee Seng Chia,&nbsp;Keitaro Matsuo,&nbsp;You-Lin Qiao,&nbsp;Nathaniel Rothman,&nbsp;Wei Zheng,&nbsp;Manami Inoue,&nbsp;Daehee Kang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13561","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Among 558 981 participants (median age 52), after a median follow-up of 14.9 years and 10.5 years, 8556 incident primary gastric cancers and 8058 gastric cancer deaths occurred, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes was associated with an increased incidence of overall gastric cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25). The risk association did not differ significantly by sex (women vs men: HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.60 vs 1.12, 1.01–1.23), anatomical subsites (noncardia vs cardia: 1.14, 1.02–1.28 vs 1.17, 0.77–1.78) and histological subtypes (intestinal vs diffuse: 1.22, 1.02–1.46 vs 1.00, 0.62–1.61). Gastric cancer risk increased significantly during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis (HR 4.70, 95% CI 3.77–5.86), and decreased with time (nonlinear <i>p</i> &lt; .01). Positive associations between diabetes and gastric cancer mortality were observed (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28) but attenuated after a 2-year time lag.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes was associated with an increased gastric cancer incidence regardless of sex, anatomical subsite, or subtypes of gastric cancer. The risk of gastric cancer was particularly high during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can type 1 diabetes be prevented or reversed?","authors":"Zachary Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13572","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The worldwide annual incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among children and adolescents is approximately 200 000 persons, half age ≤15,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with an additional 330 000 over age 20 developing T1D annually. The worldwide prevalence of T1D 8 760 000, more than 7 000 000 of whom are over age 20.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; We now recognize that there are a substantial number of persons without overt diabetes who may nevertheless be considered to have T1D: those with normal blood glucose but evidence of an autoimmune response to islet autoantigens, considered to have stage 1 T1D; those with abnormal blood glucose in the pre-diabetes range as well as islet autoantibodies, considered to have stage 2; those with clinical diabetes but still evidence of β-cell reserve, Stage 3; and those with established T1D and progressively declining β-cell reserve, stage 4.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Although we know of the existence of stages 1 and 2, it has not been easy to determine their prevalence. In a study of 153 854 youths age 2–10 in Bavaria, Germany, 153 313 screened negative for islet antibodies, of whom 18 developed T1D, 541 screened positive, of whom 447 had multiple autoantibodies; 293 were in stage 1, 61 of whom progressed to Stage 3, 30 were in stage 2, of whom 16 progressed to Stage 3, 14 were Stage 3, 83 declined staging, of whom 10 progressed to Stage 3. Thus, 0.35% of the screened children were antibody-positive, of whom 101 (less than 20%) developed T1D during the 2-3 year period of observation.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; As the short-term disease progression risk is low, prolonged observation of a relatively large number of persons from a relatively rare population will be required to fully characterize stages 1 and 2 of T1D; further, the approaches used in assessing potential treatment approaches are hampered by the poor reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test, by the effect of variable degrees of insulin sensitivity on insulin secretion and hence on C-peptide levels, and by the benefit of continuous glucose monitoring-guided closed-loop insulin pump systems in controlling glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and in minimizing hypoglycemia.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most studies of the pathogenesis of T1D suggest that β-cell destruction is mediated by T lymphocytes, with the role of islet cell antibodies in the process uncertain. For those not having diabetes, the effects of autoreactive effector T cells are counterbalanced by regulatory T cells, only with those having an expanded or resistant population of effector T cells or impaired regulatory T cells going on to develop T1D.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of randomized controlled trials have been carried out to assess potential approaches to T1D prevention in stages 1 and 2; one of two diet-based interventions with avoidance of cow's milk suggested benefit, one trial was negative with avoidance of gluten exposure, two were negative with administration of nic","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between multiple trajectories of macronutrient intake and the risk of new-onset diabetes in Chinese adults","authors":"Sizhe Wang,&nbsp;Guo Ruirui,&nbsp;Xiaotong Li,&nbsp;Fengdan Wang,&nbsp;Zibo Wu,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yibo Dong,&nbsp;Bo Li","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13555","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13555","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between macronutrient intake and diabetes is unclear. We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to explore the association between macronutrient intake trajectories and diabetes risk in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 6755 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline and participated in at least three surveys. The energy supply ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat was further calculated from dietary data; different macronutrient trajectories were determined using multitrajectory models; and multiple Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between these trajectories and diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found three multitrajectories: decreased low carbohydrate-increased moderate protein-increased high fat (DLC-IMP-IHF), decreased high carbohydrate-moderate protein-increased low fat (DHC-MP-ILF), and balanced-macronutrients (BM). Compared to the BM trajectory, DHC-MP-ILF trajectories were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.228, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.571–6.632), whereas no association between DLC-IMP-IHF trajectories and diabetes was found in our study (HR: 0.699, 95% CI: 0.351–1.392).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The downward trend of high carbohydrate and the increasing trend of low fat increased the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal oral glucose tolerance test abnormalities in the prediction of future risk of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes: Results from the LIVING study","authors":"Yashdeep Gupta,&nbsp;Deksha Kapoor,&nbsp;Josyula K. Lakshmi,&nbsp;Devarsetty Praveen,&nbsp;Joseph Alvin Santos,&nbsp;Laurent Billot,&nbsp;Aliya Naheed,&nbsp;H. Asita de Silva,&nbsp;Ishita Gupta,&nbsp;Noshin Farzana,&nbsp;Renu John,&nbsp;Saumiyah Ajanthan,&nbsp;Neerja Bhatla,&nbsp;Ankush Desai,&nbsp;Arunasalam Pathmeswaran,&nbsp;Dorairaj Prabhakaran,&nbsp;Helena Teede,&nbsp;Sophia Zoungas,&nbsp;Anushka Patel,&nbsp;Nikhil Tandon","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13559","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore associations between type and number of abnormal glucose values on antenatal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with postpartum diabetes in South Asian women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This post-hoc evaluation of the Lifestyle Intervention IN Gestational Diabetes (LIVING) study, a randomized controlled trial, was conducted among women with GDM in the index pregnancy, across 19 centers in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. Postpartum diabetes (outcome) was defined on OGTT, using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report data on 1468 women with GDM, aged 30.9 (5.0) years, and with median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 1.8 (1.4–2.4) years after childbirth following the index pregnancy. We found diabetes in 213 (14.5%) women with an incidence of 8.7 (7.6–10.0)/100 women-years. The lowest incidence rate was 3.8/100 women years, in those with an isolated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) abnormality, and highest was 19.0/100 women years in participants with three abnormal values. The adjusted hazard ratios for two and three abnormal values compared to one abnormal value were 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–2.54; <i>p</i> = .005) and 3.56 (95% CI, 2.46–5.16; <i>p</i> &lt; .001) respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for the combined (combination of fasting and postglucose load) abnormalities was 2.61 (95% CI, 1.70–4.00; <i>p</i> &lt; .001), compared to isolated abnormal FPG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk of diabetes varied significantly depending upon the type and number of abnormal values on antenatal OGTT. These data may inform future precision medicine approaches such as risk prediction models in identifying women at higher risk and may guide future targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}