Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Trends in diabetic ketoacidosis- and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A population-based study","authors":"Xinyuan He,&nbsp;Amy Huaishiuan Huang,&nbsp;Fan Lv,&nbsp;Xu Gao,&nbsp;Yuxin Guo,&nbsp;Yishan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Hu,&nbsp;Jingyi Xie,&nbsp;Ning Gao,&nbsp;Yang Jiao,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Fanpu Ji,&nbsp;Yee Hui Yeo","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13591","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13591","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the pandemic, a notable increase in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), conditions that warrant emergent management, was reported. We aimed to investigate the trend of DKA- and HHS-related mortality and excess deaths during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Annual age-standardized mortality rates related to DKA and HHS between 2006 and 2021 were estimated using a nationwide database. Forecast analyses based on prepandemic data were conducted to predict the mortality rates during the pandemic. Excess mortality rates were calculated by comparing the observed versus predicted mortality rates. Subgroup analyses of demographic factors were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 71 575 DKA-related deaths and 8618 HHS-related deaths documented during 2006–2021. DKA, which showed a steady increase before the pandemic, demonstrated a pronounced excess mortality during the pandemic (36.91% in 2020 and 46.58% in 2021) with an annual percentage change (APC) of 29.4% (95% CI: 16.0%–44.0%). Although HHS incurred a downward trend during 2006–2019, the excess deaths in 2020 (40.60%) and 2021 (56.64%) were profound. Pediatric decedents exhibited the highest excess mortality. More than half of the excess deaths due to DKA were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related (51.3% in 2020 and 63.4% in 2021), whereas only less than a quarter of excess deaths due to HHS were COVID-19 related. A widened racial/ethnic disparity was observed, and females exhibited higher excess mortality than males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DKA- and HHS-related excess mortality during the pandemic and relevant disparities emphasize the urgent need for targeted strategies to mitigate the escalated risk in these populations during public health crises.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imelda Lee—A memorial note","authors":"Zachary Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13606","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imelda Lee was one of the most important members of the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> team—our founding administrator. Imelda started the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> group with all of us more than 15 years ago. We pay attention to the scientists and physicians who nominally “run” the Journal, but it would be wrong to overlook those crucial to the daily operations “behind-the-scenes.”</p><p>Imelda grew up in Hong Kong in the early 1950s, and her sisters Lee and Frances remembered her to us as a fierce protector of all her family throughout her youth. After her secondary education, she worked in Hong Kong, then moved to the United States, and while working with her family at their business in Indiana, she was also able to attend and graduate from Purdue University, much to the admiration of those who knew her. She returned to China and moved to Shanghai, where she became an administrator at Rui Jin Hospital. She was recruited to manage the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> as it was being started, when one of us (Z.B.) had the pleasure of meeting her. The same fierce spirit that led to her defending her siblings in Hong Kong and to her both working and going to college at night in the United States, led to her wonderful work at the new Journal. The impact of her administrative work was felt by all of us and by the editorial group; being both in China and in the United States, she was able to literally keep us going “24 × 7.” She challenged all of us to work harder, to learn the quirks of the Journal's complex computer system, and to reach out to the world of diabetes research to help develop the Journal in its formative period. She was quiet unless there was an issue, but then she would be fierce in helping all of us to accomplish more.</p><p>The Biblical term <i>Eshet Chayil</i> is usually translated as “Woman of Valor,” but has multiple meanings, referring as well to capacity and power, and Imelda was indeed a woman of true inner strength who exemplified wisdom and industry in her professional endeavors. Above all, she was guided by a strong moral compass, following a basic set of principles, accepting our efforts and uplifting and empowering us, and leaving us better for being her colleagues. Her active and optimistic attitude toward difficulties also greatly influenced us, with her readiness to help others a model for all to emulate. Imelda's deep faith was always an inspiring example to us but never more so than when she became ill several years ago. We did not hear words of unhappiness or despair; rather, she exemplified courage in the face of adversity.</p><p>We remember her, and we deeply miss her. As much as any of us, Imelda truly was a founder of the Journal, and we hope that the concept of the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> in supporting a dialog between East and West in all aspects of the understanding of diabetes will continue as a memorial to her efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between biological novel biomarkers Lp-PLA2 and CTRP-3 and CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Yanhong Chen,&nbsp;Shixin Wang,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Pengsheng Chen,&nbsp;Xuekui Liu,&nbsp;Jiao Zhang,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Lingling Liu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13574","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13574","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a primary and severe comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is also identified as a leading cause of mortality within this population. Consequently, the identification of novel biomarkers for the risk stratification and progression of CVD in individuals with T2DM is of critical importance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective cohort study encompassed 979 patients diagnosed with T2DM, of whom 116 experienced CVD events during the follow-up period. Clinical assessments and comprehensive blood laboratory analyses were conducted. Age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP-3), and the incidence of CVD in T2DM. The diagnostic performance of these biomarkers was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the computation of the area under the curve (AUC).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Over a median follow-up of 84 months (interquartile range: 42 [32–54] months), both novel inflammatory markers, Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CTRP-3, and traditional lipid indices, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, exhibited aberrant expression in the CVD-afflicted subset of the T2DM cohort. Age- and sex-adjusted Cox regression analysis delineated that Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.007 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.005–1.009], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and CTRP-3 (HR = 0.943 [95% CI: 0.935–0.954], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with the manifestation of CVD in T2DM. ROC curve analysis indicated a substantial predictive capacity for Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (AUC = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.77–0.85], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and CTRP-3 (AUC = 0.91 [95% CI: 0.89–0.93], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) in forecasting CVD occurrence in T2DM. The combined biomarker approach yielded an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93–0.96), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, indicating enhanced diagnostic accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The findings suggest that the biomarkers Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CTRP-3 are dysregulated in patients with T2DM who develop CVD and that each biomarker is independently associated with the occurrence of CVD. The combined assessment of Lp-PLA&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CTRP-3 may significantly augment the diagnostic precision for CVD in the T2DM demographic.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors safe adjunctive drugs during insulin therapy in young children with type 1 diabetes? The first case of type 1 diabetes with SLC5A2 mutation","authors":"Mohamad Ahangar Davoodi,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Daneshmand,&nbsp;Taraneh Rezaei","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13570","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Highlights</b></p><p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11200015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of community-managed blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus in Shenzhen, China","authors":"Lihua Fang,&nbsp;Qingxian Li,&nbsp;Jie Ning","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13573","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus, predominantly type 2, is a growing epidemic with nearly 90% of the cases reported worldwide.<span>¹</span> In China, community health management is pivotal for the vast number of chronic diabetes patients, directly influencing their health outcomes. Despite the importance of blood glucose control in preventing diabetes complications, many community health service centers have yet to implement effective management programs.</p><p>This study conducted a follow-up investigation on 359 patients with type 2 diabetes managed by the Songyuan Community Health Center in Shenzhen. Data on medication, blood glucose monitoring, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, diet, and exercise habits were collected over 6 months. Standardized management was defined by the establishment of health records and quarterly interviews, with follow-up visits and an annual physical examination.</p><p>The study found that 62.70% of patients met the standard for blood glucose control. Univariate Chi-square analysis identified standardized management, disease duration, and record-keeping duration as significantly associated with blood glucose compliance rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for disease duration, record-keeping duration, sulfonylurea therapy, and moderate exercise, revealed standardized management, medication selection, dietary patterns, and metformin dosage as significantly correlated with blood glucose control as shown in Figure 1.</p><p>The findings emphasize the importance of standardized management, sensible diet, and reasonable medication in improving blood glucose control among community diabetic patients. The study also highlights the need for individualized treatment strategies, particularly with metformin dosage, to achieve better glycemic management. Community health education and personalized strategies can effectively improve blood glucose control among diabetic patients. The role of standardized file management in patient management is introduced, emphasizing the need for community management systems to improve patients' blood glucose compliance rates.</p><p>This study presents novel insights into the low blood glucose compliance rate among community diabetic patients in Shenzhen, identifying standardized management, sensible diet, and reasonable medication as the primary factors influencing blood glucose control. It underscores the critical role of community health management centers in chronic disease management and the need for interventions targeting the improvement of diabetes management practices.</p><p>The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the youth in southern India—An ancillary analysis of the Secular TRends in DiabEtes in India (STRiDE-I) study","authors":"Arun Nanditha,&nbsp;Priscilla Susairaj,&nbsp;Krishnamoorthy Satheesh,&nbsp;Arun Raghavan,&nbsp;Chamukuttan Snehalatha,&nbsp;Ambady Ramachandran","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13576","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13576","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its associated risk factors in younger (20 and 39 years) and older individuals (≥40 years) over a 10-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epidemiological surveys in 2006 (<i>n</i> = 7066) and 2016 (<i>n</i> = 9848) were conducted in similar urban and rural locations of southern India among people aged ≥20 years. Diagnosis of T2DM was made using World Health Organization criteria. Self-reported diabetes was verified from medical records. Age and gender standardized prevalence and incidence rates, percentage change in obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were calculated. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression analyses. Primary study was registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03490136.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 10 years, the prevalence of T2DM increased in younger (7.8% vs. 4.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and older individuals (34% vs. 28.4%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for age, family history of diabetes, and waist circumference, younger individuals showed a higher percentage increase in prevalence than the older group (PR = 1.36 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.62], <i>p</i> = 0.001) versus (PR = 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02–1.20], <i>p</i> = 0.02). Increase in rates of obesity and dyslipidemia was also higher in the younger than in the older individuals. In 10 years, incidence of T2DM increased by 120% (1.1% vs. 0.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and 150% (5% vs. 2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) in the younger and older individuals, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher percentage increase in prevalence of T2DM was seen among younger individuals over a 10-year period. Obesity and family history of diabetes were shown to be the primary contributing factors for the rise in prevalence.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11200006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between red cell distribution width/serum albumin ratio and diabetic kidney disease","authors":"Jiaqi Chen,&nbsp;Daguan Zhang,&nbsp;Depu Zhou,&nbsp;Zhijuan Dai,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13575","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown that the red cell distribution width (RDW)/serum albumin ratio (RA) is an integrative and new inflammatory marker. RA is associated with clinical outcomes in a variety of diseases, but the clinical value of RDW/RA in the assessment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has not been elucidated. We examined the link between diabetic RA and DKD while controlling for a wide variety of possible confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2009–2018) database from the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital and the Wenzhou Medical University (WMU) database was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RA and DKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 4513 diabetic patients from the NHANES database (<i>n</i> = 2839) and the WMU (<i>n</i> = 1412) were included in this study; 974 patients were diagnosed with DKD in NHANES and 462 in WMU. In the NHANES cohort, diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with higher RA level had a higher risk of DKD (odds ratio = 1.461, 95% confidence interval: 1.250–1.707, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). After adjusting for confounders and propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, both shown RA levels were independently linked to DKD (<i>p</i>_Adjust = 0.00994, <i>p</i>_PSM = 0.02889). Similar results were also observed in the WMU cohort (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study observes that the RA was an independent predictor of DKD in DM patients. The RA, a biomarker that is cost-effective and easy-to-access, may have potential for risk stratification of DKD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11200132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What will we see in diabetes in the next 10 years?","authors":"Zachary T. Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13594","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13594","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The theme of growing numbers of persons with diabetes in relation to the aging of the population and to worsening obesity are factors brought up by Ellliott Joslin more than six decades ago in an article entitled “Diabetes in the Future”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;—but it remains daunting to face the reality of a progressive threefold increase from approximately 150 million in 2000 to more than 500 million cases today, with projections of a total of 700–800 million persons with diabetes by 2045.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The greatest increases will be in South-East Asia, from 90 to over 150 million, and in the Middle East and North Africa, from approximately 70 to 140 million, albeit with the Western Pacific countries increasing from 200 million to 260 million persons to remain the largest region of persons with diabetes.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diabetes prevalence increases with increasing age and increasing degrees of obesity, with both of these factors projected to play important roles in the growth of diabetes over the coming decades. The prevalence of diabetes increases from &lt;5% before the age of 35 to 5%–10% from age 35–50 and to nearly 15% in middle-income countries, remaining around 10% from age 50–80 in low-income countries but increasing to &gt;20% in middle-income countries and to &gt;25% in high-income countries at ages 65 and over.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; This becomes particularly important when we consider world population trends. The United Nations' projection of World Population Prospects showed that in 1950, there were fewer than 200 million persons aged 65 and over; this number began to increase gradually and by 2000, reached approximately 500 million, with projections that in the year 2100, there will be approximately 2.5 billion persons in this age group, equaling the number of persons aged less than 20 and 45–64, with the number of persons aged 20–44 being relatively static at an additional 3.5 billion.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The same dataset shows that in China, the largest part of the Western Pacific region, the number of persons aged 20–44 is likely to have peaked around 2010, with projections of a decline in this age group from nearly 600 billion to approximately 300 billion in the year 2100, equaling the number of persons aged 65 and over and exceeding that in the 45–65-year-old and &lt;20-year-old age groups.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Taken together, the higher prevalence of diabetes with increasing age along with the increasing numbers of persons at greater ages implies that older persons contribute disproportionately to the population with diabetes, comprising a proportion increasing from 30% to 40% of persons with diabetes in the United States from 1980 to 2010.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the aging of the population, the growth in numbers of persons with increasing degrees of obesity is an evident and worrisome characteristic; virtually every high-income country is seeing increases in pr","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent drug development of dorzagliatin, a new glucokinase activator, with the potential to treat Type 2 diabetes: A review study","authors":"Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Luyao Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhua Dong,&nbsp;Baotian Xia,&nbsp;Shuguang Pang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated disease related to metabolism that results from resistance to insulin and sustained hyperglycemia. Traditional antidiabetic drugs cannot meet the demand of different diabetes patients for reaching the glycemic targets; thus, the identification of new antidiabetic drugs is urgently needed for the treatment of T2DM to enhance glycemic control and the prognosis of patients suffering from T2DM. Recently, glucokinase (GK) has attracted much attention and is considered to be an effective antidiabetic agent. Glucokinase activators (GKA) represented by dorzagliatin could activate GK and mimic its function that triggers a counter-regulatory response to blood glucose changes. Dorzagliatin has shown great potential for glycemic control in diabetic patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial (SEED study) and had a favorable safety profile and was well tolerated (DAWN study). In the SEED study, dorzagliatin significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 1.07% and postprandial blood glucose by 2.83 mol/L, showing the great potential of this drug to control blood glucose in diabetic patients, with good safety and good tolerance. An extension of the SEED study, the DREAM study, confirmed that dorzagliatin monotherapy significantly improved 24-h glucose variability and increased time in range (TIR) to 83.7% over 46 weeks. Finally, the clinical study of dorzagliatin combined with metformin (DAWN study) confirmed that dorzagliatin could significantly reduce HbA1c by 1.02% and postprandial blood glucose by 5.45 mol/L. The current review summarizes the development of GK and GKA, as well as the prospects, trends, applications, and shortcomings of these treatments, especially future directions of clinical studies of dorzagliatin.</p><p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the stress–hyperglycemia ratio and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling populations: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014","authors":"Shifeng Qiu,&nbsp;Xiaocong Liu,&nbsp;Li Lei,&nbsp;Hongbin Liang,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Yutian Wang,&nbsp;Chen Yu,&nbsp;Xiaobo Li,&nbsp;Yongzhen Tang,&nbsp;Juefei Wu,&nbsp;Yuegang Wang,&nbsp;Daogang Zha,&nbsp;Xuewei Liu,&nbsp;Min Xiao,&nbsp;Jiancheng Xiu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13567","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reportedly, the stress–hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with severe acute disease. However, the community-dwelling may also be in a state of stress due to environmental exposure. Our study aimed to explore the association between SHR and all-cause mortality in the community-dwelling population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 18 480 participants were included out of 82 091 from the NHANES 1999–2014 survey. The Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to assess the disparities in survival rates based on SHR, and the log-rank test was employed to investigate the distinctions between groups. The multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to assess the association of SHR with all-cause mortality. A subgroup analysis was also conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3188 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 11.0 (7.7; 15.4) years. The highest risk for all-cause mortality was observed when SHR≤ 0.843 or SHR ≥0.986 (log-rank <i>p</i> &lt; .001). After adjusting for the confounding factors, compared with subjects in the second SHR quartile (Q2), participants in the highest (Q4, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.73) and lowest quartiles (Q1, adjusted HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.60) have a higher probability of all-cause death. The RCS observed a dose-response U-shaped association between SHR and all-cause mortality. The U-shaped association between SHR and all-cause mortality was similar across subgroup analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SHR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the community-dwelling population, and the relationship was U-shaped.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}