Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Diabetic kidney disease—Recent updates","authors":"Zachary Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13612","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ramifications of the effects of diabetes on the kidney and the relationships of renal disease to the complications of diabetes are manifold, and several recent studies have addressed important aspects of the implications and the management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).</p><p>An estimate of the prevalence of DKD among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was made based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database of 19 225 adults in the United States from 2015 to 2018; 47 had T1D, among whom 20 had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> or urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g, allowing estimates of 1 202 739 adults in the United States with T1D and a weighted estimate that 21.5% of people with T1D in the United States have DKD.<span><sup>1</sup></span> A report from the Centers for Disease Control Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database mortality statistics from 1999 to 2020 reflected the dramatic increase in mortality associated with DKD; more than 500 000 deaths were reported among adults with DKD during this period, with an age-adjusted annual mortality rate per 100 000 persons of approximately 2.0 in 1999–2005, increasing to approximately 4.0 in 2007–2010, but then to 22.0 in 2012–2019 and to 25.0 in 2020.<span><sup>2</sup></span> In an analysis suggesting interrelationships between DKD and cognitive function (CF), among 2977 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) memory in diabetes trial, there was a greater decline over 40 months in CF with standard than with intensive glycemic treatment among those with urine albumin <0.4 mg/dL, whereas those with higher levels of albuminuria had no evidence of benefit with intensive treatment, and for those with eGFR < 60, CF decline was greater with intensive than with standard glycemic treatment. Similarly, CF decline was greater with standard than intensive glycemic treatment in the subset age <60 years, suggesting that T2D with better renal function and lower age might particularly benefit from more intensive glycemic treatment.<span><sup>3</sup></span> There may be a different relationship between age and renal outcome with intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI); in a 12-year follow-up of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial, prespecified analysis of the relationship between the ILI and age showed that among 5112 participants with baseline eGFR ≥ 45, those aged >60 years at baseline randomized to ILI had a 25% lower likelihood of eGFR decreasing to <45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, whereas this was not seen in the younger participants.<span><sup>4</sup></span></p><p>The optimal blood pressure treatment target is still not certain. The 11 255-person Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment in Reducing Risk of Vascular Events (ESPRIT) trial included 4359 persons with diabetes with systolic b","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children: Does early insulin glargine help improve outcomes?","authors":"Rebecca Ohman-Hanson,&nbsp;G. Todd Alonso,&nbsp;Laura Pyle,&nbsp;Ryan McDonough,&nbsp;Mark Clements","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13597","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13597","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rebound hyperglycemia following the resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is common in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, increasing the risk of recurrent DKA and complicating the transition to subcutaneous insulin. Multiple studies suggest that early administration of long-acting insulin analogs during DKA management safely improves this transition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine whether early insulin glargine administration in children with DKA prevents rebound hyperglycemia and recurrent ketosis without increasing the rate of hypoglycemia or hypokalemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients aged &lt;21 years presenting with DKA to Children's Mercy Kansas City between October 2012 and October 2016 were reviewed. They were categorized as Early (&gt;4 h of overlap with intravenous [IV] insulin) and Late (&lt;2 h of overlap) cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed 546 DKA admissions (365 Early and 181 Late). Rebound hyperglycemia (&gt;180 mg/dL) was lower in the Early group (66% vs. 85%, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001). Hypoglycemia (&lt;70 mg/dL) during IV insulin administration was higher in the Early group than in the Late group (27% vs. 19%, <i>p</i> = 0.042). Hypoglycemia within 12 h of IV insulin discontinuation was lower in the Early group (16% vs. 26%, <i>p</i> = 0.012). Recurrent ketosis, hypokalemia, and cerebral edema were not different between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early glargine administration in pediatric DKA management is safe, decreases the rate of rebound hyperglycemia, and improves the transition to subcutaneous insulin. Hypoglycemia is less frequent following IV insulin discontinuation with early glargine, but the IV insulin rate may need to be reduced to minimize hypoglycemia during IV insulin infusion.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effect of triglyceride–glucose index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic coronary syndrome: A multicenter cohort study","authors":"Qinxue Li,&nbsp;Ying Song,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Xu,&nbsp;Zhenyu Liu,&nbsp;Xiaofang Tang,&nbsp;Xiaozeng Wang,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Yongzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Pei Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaogang Guo,&nbsp;Lin Jiang,&nbsp;Zhifang Wang,&nbsp;Ru Liu,&nbsp;Qingsheng Wang,&nbsp;Yi Yao,&nbsp;Yingqing Feng,&nbsp;Yaling Han,&nbsp;Jinqing Yuan","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13589","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are the commonly used biomarkers for insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, respectively. We aimed to investigate the combined association of TyG and hsCRP with the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 9421 patients with CCS were included in this study. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of MACE covering all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2-year follow-up period, 660 (7.0%) cases of MACE were recorded. Participants were divided equally into three groups according to TyG levels. Compared with the TyG T1 group, the risk of MACE was significantly higher in the TyG T3 group. It is noteworthy that among patients in the highest tertile of TyG, hsCRP &gt;3 mg/L was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE, whereas the results were not significant in the medium to low TyG groups. When patients were divided into six groups according to hsCRP and TyG, the Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the TyG T3 and hsCRP &gt;3 mg/L group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the TyG T1 and hsCRP ≤3 mg/L group. However, no significant interaction was found between TyG and hsCRP on the risk of MACE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggests that the concurrent assessment of TyG and hsCRP may be valuable in identifying high-risk populations and guiding management strategies among CCS patients.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus—A living systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vivian Y. Lee,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Monjur,&nbsp;Joseph Alvin Santos,&nbsp;Anushka Patel,&nbsp;Rong Liu,&nbsp;Gian Luca Di Tanna,&nbsp;Yashdeep Gupta,&nbsp;Alpesh Goyal,&nbsp;Saumiyah Ajanthan,&nbsp;Devarsetty Praveen,&nbsp;J. K. Lakshmi,&nbsp;H. Asita de Silva,&nbsp;Nikhil Tandon","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13590","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13590","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While previously considered a transient condition, with no lasting adverse impact, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is now a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of developing T2DM appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention. This review provides an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce incidence of T2DM in women with a recent history of GDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search was conducted on October 20, 2023 with an annual surveillance planned for the next 5 years to maintain a living systematic review. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of any type in women within 5 years of GDM-complicated pregnancy that reported outcomes of T2DM diagnosis or measures of dysglycemia with a follow-up of at least 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria and have been included in this review. There were 3 pharmacological and 14 lifestyle interventions. Intervention was not associated with significant reduction in the primary outcome of T2DM (risk ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.41; <i>p</i> = 0.41; <i>I</i>² = 79%) compared with the control group (placebo or usual care). However, meta-analysis of the four studies reporting hazard ratios suggested a reduction in diabetes incidence (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.03; <i>I</i>² = 31%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides equivocal evidence about the efficacy of interventions to reduce the risk of T2DM in women within 5 years of GDM-complicated pregnancy and highlights the need for further studies, including pharmacotherapy.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between estimated glucose disposal rate control level and stroke incidence in middle-aged and elderly adults","authors":"Jiangnan Yao,&nbsp;Feng Zhou,&nbsp;Lingzhi Ruan,&nbsp;Yiling Liang,&nbsp;Qianrong Zheng,&nbsp;Jiaxin Shao,&nbsp;Fuman Cai,&nbsp;Jianghua Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13595","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13595","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate glucose disposal rate (eGDR) as a newly validated surrogate marker of insulin resistance. Few studies have explored the association between changes in eGDR levels and stroke incidence. This study aims to explore the effect of the level of eGDR control on stroke and events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Study on Health and Retirement (CHARLS). The eGDR control level was classified using K-means cluster analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between different eGDR control levels and incident stroke. Restrictive cubic spline regression was used to test the potential nonlinear association between cumulative eGDR and stroke incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 4790 participants, 304 (6.3%) had a stroke within 3 years. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–3.86) for the poorly controlled class 4 and 2.56 (95% CI, 1.53–4.30) for the worst controlled class 5 compared with class 1 with the best controlled eGDR. The OR for well-controlled class 2 was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.79–2.05), and the OR for moderately controlled class 3 was 1.95 (95% CI, 1.14–3.32). In restrictive cubic spline regression analysis, eGDR changes are linearly correlated with stroke occurrence. Weighted quartile and regression analysis identified waist circumference and hypertension as key variables of eGDR for predicting incident stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poorly controlled eGDR level is associated with an increased risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly people. Monitoring changes in eGDR may help identify individuals at high risk of stroke early.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and complication risks in data-driven clusters among Chinese community diabetes populations","authors":"Binqi Li,&nbsp;Zizhong Yang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Weiqing Wang,&nbsp;Zhengnan Gao,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Guijun Qin,&nbsp;Xulei Tang,&nbsp;Qin Wan,&nbsp;Lulu Chen,&nbsp;Zuojie Luo,&nbsp;Guang Ning,&nbsp;Weijun Gu,&nbsp;Yiming Mu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13596","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13596","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel diabetes phenotypes were proposed by the Europeans through cluster analysis, but Chinese community diabetes populations might exhibit different characteristics. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups under data-driven analysis in Chinese community diabetes populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used K-means cluster analysis in 6369 newly diagnosed diabetic patients from eight centers of the REACTION (Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals) study. The cluster analysis was performed based on age, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostatic modeled insulin resistance index, and homeostatic modeled pancreatic β-cell functionality index. The clinical features were evaluated with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was done to compare chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risks between subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 2063 (32.39%), 658 (10.33%), 1769 (27.78%), and 1879 (29.50%) populations were assigned to severe obesity-related and insulin-resistant diabetes (SOIRD), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild age-associated diabetes mellitus (MARD), and mild insulin-deficient diabetes (MIDD) subgroups, respectively. Individuals in the MIDD subgroup had a low risk burden equivalent to prediabetes, but with reduced insulin secretion. Individuals in the SOIRD subgroup were obese, had insulin resistance, and a high prevalence of fatty liver, tumors, family history of diabetes, and tumors. Individuals in the SIDD subgroup had severe insulin deficiency, the poorest glycemic control, and the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy. Individuals in MARD subgroup were the oldest, had moderate metabolic dysregulation and the highest risk of cardiovascular disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data-driven approach to differentiating the status of new-onset diabetes in the Chinese community was feasible. Patients in different clusters presented different characteristics and risks of complications.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic treatment with viable α-galactosylceramide-producing Bacteroides fragilis reduces diabetes incidence in female nonobese diabetic mice","authors":"Camilla H. F. Hansen,&nbsp;Danica Jozipovic,&nbsp;Line F. Zachariassen,&nbsp;Dennis S. Nielsen,&nbsp;Axel K. Hansen,&nbsp;Karsten Buschard","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13593","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13593","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate whether alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-producing <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> could induce natural killer T (NKT) cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and reduce their diabetes incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five-week-old female NOD mice were treated orally with <i>B. fragilis</i>, and islet pathology and diabetes onset were monitored. Immune responses were analyzed by flow cytometry and multiplex technology. Effects of ultraviolet (UV)-killed α-GalCer-producing <i>B. fragilis</i> and their culture medium on invariant NKT (iNKT) cells were tested ex vivo on murine splenocytes, and the immunosuppressive capacity of splenocytes from <i>B. fragilis</i>-treated NOD mice were tested by adoptive transfer to nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>B. fragilis</i> reduced the diabetes incidence from 69% to 33% and the percent of islets with insulitis from 40% to 7%, which doubled the serum insulin level compared with the vehicle-treated control mice. Furthermore, the early treatment reduced proinflammatory mediators in the serum, whereas the proportion of CD4⁺ NKT cell population was increased by 33%. <i>B. fragilis</i> growth media stimulated iNKT cells and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages ex vivo in contrast to UV-killed bacteria, which had no effect, strongly indicating an α-GalCer-mediated effect. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from <i>B. fragilis</i>-treated NOD mice induced a similar diabetes incidence as splenocytes from untreated NOD mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>B. fragilis</i> induced iNKT cells and M2 macrophages and reduced type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. The protective effect seemed to be more centered on gut–pancreas interactions rather than a systemic immunosuppression. <i>B. fragilis</i> should be considered for probiotic use in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol is more positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance than conventional lipid parameters and lipid ratios: A multicenter, large sample survey","authors":"Binqi Li,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Lulu Chen,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Xulei Tang,&nbsp;Zhengnan Gao,&nbsp;Qin Wan,&nbsp;Zuojie Luo,&nbsp;Guijun Qin,&nbsp;Guang Ning,&nbsp;Weijun Gu,&nbsp;Yiming Mu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13592","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13592","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Not many large-sample investigations are available that compare the potency of the relationship of remnant cholesterol (RC) and other lipid parameters with diabetes and prediabetes. The goals of our study are to discover the relationship between RC and prediabetes, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) and to investigate RC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C, which are the lipid parameters that are most positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research enrolled 36 684 subjects from China's eight provinces. We employed multiple logistic regression analysis for testing the relationship between lipid parameters and diabetes, prediabetes, and IR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjusting for potential confounders, and comparing the results with other lipid parameters, the positive relationship between RC and diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.345–1.492), prediabetes (OR 1.555, 95% CI: 1.438–1.628), and IR (OR 1.488, 95% CI: 1.404–1.577) was highest. RC was still related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR even when TG &lt;2.3 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.256, 95% CI: 1.135–1.390; prediabetes: OR 1.503, 95% CI: 1.342–1.684; and IR: OR 1.278, 95% CI: 1.140–1.433), LDL-C &lt;2.6 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.306, 95% CI: 1.203–1.418; prediabetes: OR 1.597, 95% CI: 1.418–1.798; and IR: OR 1.552, 95% CI: 1.416–1.701), or HDL-C ≥1 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.456, 95% CI: 1.366–1.550; prediabetes: OR 1.553, 95% CI: 1.421–1.697; and IR: OR 1.490, 95% CI: 1.389–1.598).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RC is more positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR than conventional lipids and lipid ratios in the general population, the relationships between RC and diabetes, prediabetes, and IR are stable, even if HDL-C, LDL-C, or TG are at appropriate levels.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in diabetic ketoacidosis- and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A population-based study","authors":"Xinyuan He,&nbsp;Amy Huaishiuan Huang,&nbsp;Fan Lv,&nbsp;Xu Gao,&nbsp;Yuxin Guo,&nbsp;Yishan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Hu,&nbsp;Jingyi Xie,&nbsp;Ning Gao,&nbsp;Yang Jiao,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Fanpu Ji,&nbsp;Yee Hui Yeo","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13591","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13591","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the pandemic, a notable increase in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), conditions that warrant emergent management, was reported. We aimed to investigate the trend of DKA- and HHS-related mortality and excess deaths during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Annual age-standardized mortality rates related to DKA and HHS between 2006 and 2021 were estimated using a nationwide database. Forecast analyses based on prepandemic data were conducted to predict the mortality rates during the pandemic. Excess mortality rates were calculated by comparing the observed versus predicted mortality rates. Subgroup analyses of demographic factors were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 71 575 DKA-related deaths and 8618 HHS-related deaths documented during 2006–2021. DKA, which showed a steady increase before the pandemic, demonstrated a pronounced excess mortality during the pandemic (36.91% in 2020 and 46.58% in 2021) with an annual percentage change (APC) of 29.4% (95% CI: 16.0%–44.0%). Although HHS incurred a downward trend during 2006–2019, the excess deaths in 2020 (40.60%) and 2021 (56.64%) were profound. Pediatric decedents exhibited the highest excess mortality. More than half of the excess deaths due to DKA were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related (51.3% in 2020 and 63.4% in 2021), whereas only less than a quarter of excess deaths due to HHS were COVID-19 related. A widened racial/ethnic disparity was observed, and females exhibited higher excess mortality than males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DKA- and HHS-related excess mortality during the pandemic and relevant disparities emphasize the urgent need for targeted strategies to mitigate the escalated risk in these populations during public health crises.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imelda Lee—A memorial note","authors":"Zachary Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13606","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imelda Lee was one of the most important members of the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> team—our founding administrator. Imelda started the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> group with all of us more than 15 years ago. We pay attention to the scientists and physicians who nominally “run” the Journal, but it would be wrong to overlook those crucial to the daily operations “behind-the-scenes.”</p><p>Imelda grew up in Hong Kong in the early 1950s, and her sisters Lee and Frances remembered her to us as a fierce protector of all her family throughout her youth. After her secondary education, she worked in Hong Kong, then moved to the United States, and while working with her family at their business in Indiana, she was also able to attend and graduate from Purdue University, much to the admiration of those who knew her. She returned to China and moved to Shanghai, where she became an administrator at Rui Jin Hospital. She was recruited to manage the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> as it was being started, when one of us (Z.B.) had the pleasure of meeting her. The same fierce spirit that led to her defending her siblings in Hong Kong and to her both working and going to college at night in the United States, led to her wonderful work at the new Journal. The impact of her administrative work was felt by all of us and by the editorial group; being both in China and in the United States, she was able to literally keep us going “24 × 7.” She challenged all of us to work harder, to learn the quirks of the Journal's complex computer system, and to reach out to the world of diabetes research to help develop the Journal in its formative period. She was quiet unless there was an issue, but then she would be fierce in helping all of us to accomplish more.</p><p>The Biblical term <i>Eshet Chayil</i> is usually translated as “Woman of Valor,” but has multiple meanings, referring as well to capacity and power, and Imelda was indeed a woman of true inner strength who exemplified wisdom and industry in her professional endeavors. Above all, she was guided by a strong moral compass, following a basic set of principles, accepting our efforts and uplifting and empowering us, and leaving us better for being her colleagues. Her active and optimistic attitude toward difficulties also greatly influenced us, with her readiness to help others a model for all to emulate. Imelda's deep faith was always an inspiring example to us but never more so than when she became ill several years ago. We did not hear words of unhappiness or despair; rather, she exemplified courage in the face of adversity.</p><p>We remember her, and we deeply miss her. As much as any of us, Imelda truly was a founder of the Journal, and we hope that the concept of the <i>Journal of Diabetes</i> in supporting a dialog between East and West in all aspects of the understanding of diabetes will continue as a memorial to her efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}