Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenia","authors":"Zachary Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The term “sarcopenia” literally means “deficiency of flesh,” and is used to refer to lack of skeletal muscle. Numerous similar concepts in medicine describe the progressive loss, deficiency, atrophy, or wastage of muscle characteristic of many systemic illnesses and of aging itself. Depending on the definition used, sarcopenia affects large subsets of the population, in association with physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and malnutrition but also paradoxically with obesity. Sarcopenia is seen with diabetes, pulmonary disease, heart disease, malignancy, and with psychiatric and neurologic illnesses including depression/anorexia and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.<span><sup>1</sup></span> In a study carried out nearly four decades ago, total appendicular skeletal muscle mass was found to decrease in a linear fashion with age both among men and women, regardless of race or ethnic group, showing positive correlation with body weight.<span><sup>2</sup></span> Sarcopenia can be assessed clinically with measures of strength such as the simple self-report of limitation of walking, which increases in prevalence with increasing age, to a greater extent in low- than in high-income countries, and which correlates strongly with all-cause mortality even after adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, rural residence, and country income level, and additionally for hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, and depression.<span><sup>3</sup></span> In a study analyzing mortality at >12 year follow-up, those in the highest quintile of the fat-to-muscle mass ratio estimated using bioelectrical impedance among 337 951 UK Biobank participants had increased total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, both among men and women.<span><sup>4</sup></span></p><p>Clinical conditions associated with sarcopenia overlap with features of frailty such as slowing, falls, fatigue, and weight loss, which may represent disease prodromes,<span><sup>5</sup></span> with a continuum from robustness, with stressors leading to temporary decline in functional capacity, to pre-frailty, with only incomplete recovery from stressors, to actual frailty with failure to recover from stressors eventuating in states of dependence and disability.<span><sup>6</sup></span> The biology of frailty involves a number of factors associated with sarcopenia, including states of dysregulated nutrient sensing, such as abnormalities of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the nutrient scarcity sensors sirtuins 1 and 3, and hormonal changes associated with aging including decreased levels of the anabolic hormones dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1, and increased levels of catabolic hormones, particularly cortisol.<span><sup>7</sup></span> Insulin can best be seen in this context as an anabolic hormone invol","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of systolic blood pressure variability with cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Junmin Chen,&nbsp;Xuan Zhao,&nbsp;Huidan Liu,&nbsp;Kan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Xu,&nbsp;Siyu Wang,&nbsp;Mian Li,&nbsp;Ruizhi Zheng,&nbsp;Libin Zhou,&nbsp;Yufang Bi,&nbsp;Yu Xu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to explore the association between visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) and cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a post hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) substudy. A total of 2867 diabetes patients with ≥3 BP measurements between the 4- and 20-month visits were included. Visit-to-visit systolic BPV was calculated. Cognitive decline was defined as a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), or Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) score greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) below the baseline mean, or a Stroop test score more than 1 SD above the baseline mean. The associations of systolic BPV with risks of cognitive decline were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, and with changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging parameters were evaluated using mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risk of cognitive decline defined by the DSST score (but not by other scores) increased significantly with systolic BPV quartiles (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.008), and there was a 55% increased risk for BPV quartile 4 versus quartile 1 (hazard ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.19). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between systolic BPV and change in white matter lesion volume (<i>β</i> = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.13).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A greater visit-to-visit systolic BPV was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline measured by DSST and an increase in white matter lesion volume in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratum corneum hydration levels are negatively correlated with HbA1c levels in the elderly Chinese","authors":"Qingsong Lai,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wang,&nbsp;Zebin Lai,&nbsp;Yulin Lai,&nbsp;Li Ye,&nbsp;Sha Liu,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Mao-Qiang Man","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Highlights</b></p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids related to blood glucose control and type 1 diabetes","authors":"Zhaohe Gu,&nbsp;Lanxin Pan,&nbsp;Huiling Tan,&nbsp;Xulin Wang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Xueying Zheng,&nbsp;Jianping Weng,&nbsp;Sihui Luo,&nbsp;Tong Yue,&nbsp;Yu Ding","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The composition and function of gut microbiota, lipids, and metabolites in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or its association with glycemic control remains unknown. We aimed to use multi-omics sequencing technology and machine learning (ML) approaches to investigate potential function and relationships among the gut microbiota, lipids, and metabolites in T1D patients at varied glycemic levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a multi-omics analysis of the gut microbiome from fecal samples, metabolites, and lipids obtained from serum samples, collected from a cohort of 72 T1D patients. The patients were divided into two groups based on their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomics methods were applied to analyze changes in composition and function of gut microbiota, metabolites, and lipids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The linear discriminant analysis, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm, and ML algorithms revealed the enrichment of <i>Bacteroides_nordii, Bacteroides_cellulosilyticus</i> in the glycemic control (GC) group, while <i>Bacteroides_coprocola</i> and <i>Sutterella_wadsworthensis</i> were enriched in the poor glycemic control (PGC) group. Several metabolic enrichment sets like fatty acid biosynthesis and glycerol phosphate shuttle metabolism were different between two groups. <i>Bacteroides_nordii</i> exhibited a negative association with D-fructose, a component involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, as well as with monoglycerides (16:0) involved in the glycerolipid metabolism pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified distinct characteristics of gut microbiota, metabolites, and lipids in T1D patients exhibiting different levels of glycemic control. Through comprehensive analysis, microbiota (<i>Bacteroides_nordii</i>, <i>Bacteroides_coprocola</i>), metabolites (D-fructose), and lipids (Monoglycerides) may serve as potential mediators that communicated the interaction between the gut, circulatory systems, and glucose fluctuations in T1D patients.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy sleep score, acute myocardial infarction, and type 2 diabetes","authors":"Tomoyuki Kawada","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Du et al.<span>¹</span> conducted a prospective study to investigate the effect of healthy sleep pattern on subsequent mortality risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in people with diabetes. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of healthy sleep score for AMI mortality was 0.87 (0.77–0.98). Especially, adequate sleep duration reduced 29% risk of AMI mortality. They finally mentioned that types of diabetes should be stratified for the analysis, and I think that interactions of diabetes on the inverse association between healthy sleep score and AMI mortality may be existed. In their Figure 1, there is a wide range of HR for the risk of AMI mortality in lower healthy sleep score, which did not reach a significant level. There is a possibility that people with lower healthy sleep score would have several cardiometabolic risk factors, and contribution rate of sleep variables to the risk of AMI would become smaller. I speculate that irregular sleep pattern in daily life reflects one of the unhealthy lifestyles, and it would contribute to diabetes and AMI risk. I present recent reports on the association between irregular sleep and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or cardiometabolic disorder.</p><p>Zuraikat et al.<span>²</span> defined irregular sleep pattern as the standard deviation of each sleep parameter, and it was closely related to the increased risk of T2D and cardiometabolic risk. Although causal association cannot be determined, irregular sleep pattern may contribute to the risk of several metabolic disorders.</p><p>Liu et al.<span>³</span> conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between daytime napping and incident diabetes, and longer period of napping should be avoided to reduce a risk of diabetes. I suppose that long napping would affect nighttime sleep depth and duration, which may also relate to irregular sleep pattern.</p><p>Zhang and Qin<span>⁴</span> reported the potential mechanisms regarding the effect of irregular sleep pattern on subsequent cardiometabolic risk, including circadian dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, endocrinological disorder, and gut dysbiosis. Glucose metabolism may be affected by unstable sleep–wake cycle and their duration, which would be closely related to the level of physical activity and nutritional intake.</p><p>Finally, Zhu et al.<span>⁵</span> reviewed and concluded that sleep variability was significantly associated with weight gain and increased hemoglobin A1c, although decreased insulin sensitivity was not consistent findings in several studies.</p><p>There is no financial support for this study.</p><p>The author declares that he has no competing interests. No ethical statement is needed for this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luteinizing hormone is independently associated with high-sensitive cardiac troponin T elevation in postmenopausal T2DM patients: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yahao Wang,&nbsp;Yixuan Li,&nbsp;Chuanfeng Liu,&nbsp;Yangang Wang,&nbsp;Yiming Li","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is known that the risk of ischemic heart disease increases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For female patients, the incidence of heart disease can be even greater after menopause, accompanied by dramatic changes in sex hormones. We investigated the correlations between sex hormones and markers of ischemic heart diseases in postmenopausal females with T2DM patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study collected data from 324 hospitalized postmenopausal females with T2DM. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlations between sex hormones and cardiac markers including high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that luteinizing hormone (LH) was positively and independently associated with hs-cTnT concentrations in postmenopausal females with T2DM (<i>β</i> = 0.189, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Postmenopausal females with T2DM and subclinical myocardial injury had higher LH levels than those without subclinical myocardial injury (29.67 vs. 25.08 mIU/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed an independent and significant association between elevated LH and subclinical myocardial injury in postmenopausal females with T2DM (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.033–1.124; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). As another gonadotropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone did not show independent correlations with hs-cTnT or NT-proBNP (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Neither estrogen nor testosterone was correlated with cardiac markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated LH levels were positively and independently associated with increased hs-cTnT levels in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Our findings suggest that LH could serve as a potential marker for assessing the risk of subclinical myocardial injury in postmenopausal females with T2DM.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes","authors":"Roni Weinberg Sibony,&nbsp;Omri Segev,&nbsp;Saar Dor,&nbsp;Itamar Raz","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly, leading to various complications and a negative impact on quality of life. Hyperglycemia hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are closely associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its complications. This review explores the effect of T2D on target organ damage and potential treatments to minimize this damage. The paper examines the pathophysiology of T2D, focusing on low-grade chronic inflammation and OS and on their impact on insulin resistance. The review discusses the role of inflammation and OS in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. The findings highlight the mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines, stress kinases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfere with insulin signaling pathways, leading to impaired glucose metabolism and organ dysfunction. Lifestyle interventions, including a balanced diet and exercise, can help reduce chronic inflammation and OS, thereby preventing and controlling T2D and its associated complications. Additionally, various antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents show potential in reducing OS and inflammation. Some anti-diabetic drugs, like pioglitazone, metformin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, may also have anti-inflammatory effects. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions.</p><p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential adverse effects of hypodermic glucagon-like peptide -1 receptor agonist on patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study","authors":"Zhiyuan Cheng,&nbsp;Shuang Wang,&nbsp;Fu-rong Li,&nbsp;Cheng Jin,&nbsp;Chunbao Mo,&nbsp;Jing Zheng,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp;Fengchao Liang,&nbsp;Jinkui Yang,&nbsp;Dongfeng Gu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), a class of injectable antidiabetic drugs, have shown significant efficacies in improving glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the long-term safety of GLP-1 RAs remains insufficiently studied. This study aimed to provide real-world evidence on potential adverse outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs use in T2D patients without major chronic diseases including impaired cardiac or renal function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 7746 T2D patients on GLP-1 RAs in Shenzhen, China. They were compared with 124 371 metformin-only users and 36 146 insulin-only users, forming two therapy control groups. GLP-1 RAs users were also further 1:2 paired with the control groups. Competing risk survival analyses were conducted to assess the incidence risks, presenting subdistributional hazard ratios (sHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various adverse outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with metformin-only users, GLP-1 RAs use was associated with increased risks of various adverse outcomes (sHRs with 95% CIs), including pancreatitis (2.01, 1.24–3.24), acute nephritis (3.20, 2.17–4.70), kidney failure (3.73, 2.74–5.08), thyroid cancer (2.25, 1.23–4.10), and thyroid dysfunction (1.27, 1.00–1.63), respectively; Similar results were also found when compared with insulin-only users. Importantly, long-term (≥12 months) GLP-1 RAs use may further elevate the incidence risks of pancreatitis, acute nephritis, thyroid cancer, and thyroid dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with traditional T2D treatments, GLP-1 RAs use may be associated with increased risks of various adverse outcomes in a Chinese population. Cautions were strongly warranted in the use of GLP-1 RAs. Further validation is crucial across diverse populations.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major adverse cardiovascular events’ reduction and their association with glucose-lowering medications and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records","authors":"Haowen Hsu,&nbsp;Paul Thomas Kocis,&nbsp;Ariana Pichardo-Lowden,&nbsp;Wenke Hwang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13604","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.13604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular diseases are a common cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risks can be significantly reduced under adequate glycemic control (GC). This study aims to identify factors that influence MACE risk among patients with T2DM, including Hemoglobin A1c variability score (HVS) and early use of MACE-preventive glucose-lowering medications (GLMs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to retrospectively review electronic health records between 2011 and 2022. Patients with T2DM ≥18 years without previous stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included. Cox regression was utilized to investigate MACE risk factors and compare MACE risk reduction associated with early use of MACE-preventive GLMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 19 685 subjects were included, with 5431 having MACE, including 4453 strokes, 977 AMI, and 1 death. There were 11 123 subjects with good baseline GC. Subjects with good baseline GC had 0.837 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.782–0.895) times lower MACE risk than their counterpart. Subjects with a single MACE-preventive GLM at baseline with continuous use &gt;365 days showed a decreased MACE hazard ratio (0.681; CI: 0.635–0.731). Among all MACE-preventive GLMs, semaglutide provided a more significant MACE-preventive effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identified that GLM, early GC, and HVS are MACE determinants among patients with T2DM. Novel GLM, adequate GC, and reduction of HVS can benefit MACE outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity modifies the association between atherogenic index of plasma and prediabetes and diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Shenglan Yang,&nbsp;Xinyu Gou,&nbsp;Hui Dong,&nbsp;Limei Chen,&nbsp;Yiyan Wang,&nbsp;Jing Wu","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although research has explored the association between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and prediabetes and diabetes, there is still not sufficient available evidence the role of physical activity (PA) in this relationship. Our purpose is to examine the complex connections between AIP, PA, and prediabetes and diabetes in a young and middle-aged population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 2220 individuals from the general population, aged 20–60 years. AIP was calculated from the logarithm of the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio. PA was assessed depending to the American Heart Association (AHA) criteria and categorized into medium-high and low PA levels. We used binary logistic regression to explore associations and subsequently performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2220 participants had a mean age of 38 years, with a mean AIP of −0.1185, and a prediabetes and diabetes prevalence of 7.2%. After adjusting for auxiliary variables, AIP was positively correlated with prediabetes and diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.447, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.829–6.497). In the low PA population, the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes raised significantly with higher AIP (OR: 3.678, 95% CI: 1.819–7.434). This association was not meaningful in the medium to high PA population (OR: 1.925, 95% CI: 0.411–9.007). Joint and sensitivity analyze results also showed agreement. Restricted cubic spline identified a linear relationship between AIP and the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes. Notably, the prevalence significantly increases when AIP values exceed −0.16 (<i>p</i> for linearity &lt;0.05). The findings revealed heterogeneity across subgroups stratified by sex and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PA may modify the link as regards AIP with prediabetes and diabetes in young and middle-aged populations. Adherence to PA prevents the adverse effects of abnormal glucose metabolism caused by dyslipidemia, particularly in women.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}