Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Neuropathy: Findings From the National Health Insurance Service, 2012-2017.","authors":"Su Jin Jeong, Sun Keun Kim, Chong Hwa Kim","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common chronic complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with reported prevalence ranging from 23% to 54.5%. This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatments of DN using Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data from 2012 to 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed NHIS sample data for 8.7 million individuals stratified by age, sex, eligibility, and income. DN was defined using ICD-10 codes (E10.4-E14.4, G59.0, G63.2, G99.0) and concurrent prescriptions for diabetes and DN. Annual DN prevalence among diabetes patients was calculated, and treatment patterns and patient characteristics were compared between those with and without DN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DN prevalence declined from 23.4% in 2012 to 21.5% in 2017. About half of DN patients received pharmacologic treatment-mainly monotherapy (up to 82%), followed by dual (15%) and triple therapy (3%). The most prescribed drugs were α-lipoic acid (52.1%-55.0%), anticonvulsants (30.4%-34.5%), tricyclic antidepressants, SNRIs, and γ-linolenic acid. DN patients were generally older, more often female, and had more comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot, and amputations. They were also more likely to use insulin or multiple oral agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About one-quarter of patients with T2DM had DN, and half received treatment, mostly α-lipoic acid monotherapy. DN patients tended to be older and had multiple comorbidities, resulting in higher hospitalization rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Pancreatic β Cell Function: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes.","authors":"Ruihan Li, Bingqian Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Yang Yang, Yuting Lu, Jingya Li","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70228","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for pancreatic β cell function, and its disruption underlies diabetes pathogenesis. Chronic hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and inflammation impair mitochondrial quality control (MQC), leading to β cell dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Mitochondria-organelle interactions, particularly with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus, further exacerbate β cell dysfunction by disrupting calcium signaling and metabolic coordination. Emerging potential therapies, such as DRAK2 inhibitors and metabolic reprogramming agents, show promise in preserving MQC and β cell function. However, clinical validation is needed. This review highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a central driver of diabetes and underscores the potential of mitochondrial-targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Dementia in Diabetes: 20-Year Trends Will Necessitate New Treatment Priorities.","authors":"Zachary T Bloomgarden","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cardiometabolic Risk Markers on the Incidence and Progression Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Prediabetes.","authors":"Qi Sun, Qiujing Cai, Yilin Huang, Shuyu Wang, Lisheng Liu, Zhiguang Liu, Aihua Hu, Wei Li, Biyan Wang","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have reported that insulin resistance (IR), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and dyslipidemia are associated with arterial stiffness. However, limited evidence exists regarding these relationships in prediabetes patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between cardiometabolic risk markers and progression of arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 5771 adults with prediabetes at baseline from the Shougang cohort study. Cardiometabolic risk markers included the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, mean arterial pressure (MAP), BMI, and dyslipidemia. Arterial stiffness was assessed using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and its progression was defined as the annual change in baPWV between baseline and the last visit. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate linear regression analyses showed TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, MAP, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with baseline baPWV. Over a mean follow-up of 3.24 years, each one-unit increase in the MAP was significantly associated with a faster progression of baPWV (difference, 0.72 cm/s per year; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.04 cm/s per year). After adjusting for all covariates, the risk for arterial stiffness increased 3% with each one-unit increase of MAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among individuals with prediabetes, MAP showed consistent longitudinal associations with arterial stiffness, highlighting the importance of early blood pressure management for vascular protection prior to the onset of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride, Voglibose, and Metformin ER in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Active-Controlled Study","authors":"Brij Mohan,&nbsp;S. Vasanth Kumar,&nbsp;Prakash Harishchandra Kurmi,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Neelaveni Kudugunti,&nbsp;Bharat Das,&nbsp;Kartikeya Parmar,&nbsp;Alok Kanungo,&nbsp;Sanjay Saran,&nbsp;Preetam Ahirrao Kashinath,&nbsp;Balamurugan Ramanathan,&nbsp;Micky Patel,&nbsp;Vivek Vedprakash Arya,&nbsp;Raisa Shaikh,&nbsp;Sapan Behera,&nbsp;Piyush Patel,&nbsp;Dipak Patil,&nbsp;Lalit Lakhwani,&nbsp;Pravin Ghadge,&nbsp;Suyog Mehta,&nbsp;Sadhna Joglekar","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>India ranks second in the global diabetes epidemic, with about 89 million individuals living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We compared the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) of glimepiride, voglibose, and extended-release metformin (GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER) with voglibose and metformin (VOGLI+MET) and glimepiride and metformin (GLIME+MET).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Phase IV, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study was performed in adult patients with T2DM poorly controlled with metformin. Patients received twice daily doses of GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER (1 + 0.2 + 500 mg: Trivolib 1, 2 + 0.2 + 500 mg: Trivolib 2); or VOGLI+MET (0.2 + 500 mg, 0.3 + 500 mg) or GLIME+MET (1 + 500 mg, 2 + 500 mg). The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 458 patients screened, 399 were randomized (GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER [<i>n</i> = 133], VOGLI+MET (<i>n</i> = 135), and GLIME+MET [<i>n</i> = 131]). The mean baseline HbA1c was ~8.35% (~67.77 mmol/mol). All the treatments showed a significant reduction in HbA1c at Weeks 12 and 24. Mean change in % (mmol/mol) HbA1c was significantly more with GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER versus VOGLI+MET and GLIME+MET at Week 12 (−1.02 ± 0.60 [−11.2 ± 6.52] vs. −0.68 ± 0.64 [−7.49 ± 6.95], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and −0.88 ± 0.49 [−9.65 ± 5.34], <i>p</i> = 0.0154) and Week 24 (−1.57 ± 0.74 [−17.2 ± 8.14] vs. −1.11 ± 0.80 [−12.2 ± 8.79], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and −1.28 ± 0.60 [−14.0 ± 6.56], <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Overall, 49 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 32/399 (8.0%) patients. One patient each in GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER and VOGLI+MET groups had level 1 hypoglycemia requiring no management. No severe or serious AEs were reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In adult patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy, GLIME+VOGLI+MET-ER demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction compared with VOGLI+MET and GLIME+MET at Weeks 12 and 24. Study medications were safe and well-tolerated.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Clinical Trial Registry India—CTRI/2020/11/029080 [Registered on: 12/11/2020].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Structural Equation Modeling Reveals Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Genetic Architecture","authors":"Chuanlong Lu,&nbsp;Lizheng Li,&nbsp;Jinshan Chen,&nbsp;Runze Chang,&nbsp;Honglin Dong","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genetic basis of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKMs) involves complex pleiotropy, necessitating analytical approaches capable of dissecting shared genetic architectures across multiple cardiometabolic traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employed genomic structural equation modeling (genomic SEM) to integrate summary statistics from six cardiometabolic traits. The model was assessed using standard fit indices. Genome-wide association analyses were performed on 1,862,425 SNPs under stringent quality control measures, with LD Score regression applied to evaluate polygenic heritability and confounding bias. Novel loci were identified using GWAS-by-Subtraction. Functional characterization included transcriptome-wide association analysis (TWAS), fine-mapping, pathway enrichment analysis, and cell-type specificity analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genomic SEM model demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.14). Quality control metrics confirmed that genomic inflation (Lambda GC = 1.591) was primarily attributable to polygenic heritability (h² = 0.3286 ± 0.0135) rather than population stratification (Intercept = 1.0176 ± 0.0169). This framework identified 2,212 significantly associated variants, encompassing 32 novel loci discovered via GWAS-by-Subtraction. Functional annotation indicated that the majority of these loci were located in intronic (57.92%) or intergenic (30.6%) regions. TWAS and fine-mapping nominated 188 high-confidence genes; SENP2 (TWAS Z = 12.5), KIF11 (Z = 11.5), and JAZF1 (Z = 11.38) exhibited the strongest positive associations with CKMs risk, whereas TCF7L2 (Z = −13.4) demonstrated the strongest inverse association. Pathway enrichment implicated lipid balance and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and cell-type specificity analysis prominently localized genetic signals to pancreatic islet cells. Fine-mapping prioritized 18 causal variants with posterior probability ⟩ 0.95, including key signals within GCKR (rs1260333, rs780093) and INADL (rs2481665). Chromosomal regions 7 and 12 exhibited significant contributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study unravels the shared genetic architecture of CKMs, revealing novel risk loci and pathogenic mechanisms. The results establish a direct cellular link between the pleiotropic genetic basis of CKMs and endocrine metabolic regulation within pancreatic islets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Learning Session November 2025 Abstracts","authors":"Stephanie S. Crossen,&nbsp;Nicole Rioles,&nbsp;Claire Rainey,&nbsp;Halis K. Akturk","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70214","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) is a network of 63 adult and pediatric diabetes centers [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;] which collectively care for more than 150,000 people with diabetes (PWD) across the United States. Member centers map and report their data on diabetes care and outcomes and engage in quality improvement projects with the shared goal of improving health outcomes for all PWD. Each November, the group hosts its annual Learning Session to share lessons learned and facilitate ongoing collaboration on key topics of interest. This year’s Learning Session touched on a broad range of topics, from diabetes technology to mental health, sick day protocols to transitions of care, and reflected new emphases within the collaborative on screening and early identification of type 1 diabetes, and on optimizing care for type 2 diabetes in pediatric populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over a dozen abstracts focused on improving timing or equity in the adoption of diabetes technology. Several centers initially deployed surveys to patients [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;] or clinicians [&lt;span&gt;5, 6&lt;/span&gt;] to target their technology-related QI efforts within a complex system. Clinicians involved in a multi-center QI project to accelerate automated insulin delivery (AID) adoption identified insurance coverage, standardized clinic processes, patient and clinician education about AID, and communication with pharmacies and DME suppliers as key drivers and potential barriers to early AID access [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. QI initiatives focused on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), in turn, cited the importance of addressing clinician bias, improving device accessibility, and developing standardized education [&lt;span&gt;9, 10&lt;/span&gt;]. Many centers described multi-pronged interventions that expanded access to multidisciplinary visits or classes to successfully reduce wait times [&lt;span&gt;11-13&lt;/span&gt;] or increase overall uptake of technology [&lt;span&gt;9, 14, 15&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transition of care from pediatric to adult endocrinology also continued to be a focus at this year's learning session. Several projects found that the success of new electronic health record (EHR) or educational tools to aid in transition-of-care planning hinged on clinician time and awareness [&lt;span&gt;16, 17&lt;/span&gt;] and that even with standardized questionnaires, topics like substance use, reproductive health, and insurance navigation were rarely discussed by pediatric clinicians [&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;]. However, embedded EHR transition tools were used successfully at several centers [&lt;span&gt;19, 20&lt;/span&gt;] and a multidisciplinary approach to transition coordination was found to improve the documentation of transition plans for adolescents with diabetes [&lt;span&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;] and to reduce the wait time between pediatric and adult care [&lt;span&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Screening for mental health concerns, social drivers of health, and comorbid medical conditions also featured prominently. Several abstracts described efforts to imp","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.70214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Negative Pressure Therapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hai Du,&nbsp;Tao Jiang,&nbsp;Renqun Mao,&nbsp;Xiaofan Yang,&nbsp;Zhenbing Chen","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70226","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication, often leading to amputation. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an advanced treatment option requiring further consolidated evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NPWT versus conventional wound care for DFU, focusing on wound healing, amputation prevention, and adverse events (AEs). We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until October 2025. Twenty-three RCTs involving 2086 participants were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies. Outcomes included wound healing rate, ulcer area reduction, amputation rate, and adverse events. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. NPWT significantly improved the wound healing rate (OR 4.48, 95% CI 2.58–7.77), led to a greater reduction in ulcer area (SMD 1.26, 95% CI 0.70–1.82), and substantially lowered amputation risk (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.64) compared to conventional care. No significant difference was found in adverse events (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.56–1.71). Subgroup analyses confirmed benefits across ages, follow-up durations, and control dressings. The healing benefit was most pronounced in less severe ulcers (Wagner grade &lt; 2), while amputation protection was consistent across severities. NPWT is an effective and safe strategy for DFU, significantly accelerating wound healing and reducing amputation risk, supporting its integration as a cornerstone adjunctive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Metabolic Diseases: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China","authors":"Minghan Zhang,&nbsp;Junru Fan,&nbsp;Qiuyu Cao,&nbsp;Ruizhi Zheng,&nbsp;Yu Xu,&nbsp;Min Xu,&nbsp;Feixia Shen,&nbsp;Xuejiang Gu,&nbsp;Yiming Mu,&nbsp;Lulu Chen,&nbsp;Tianshu Zeng,&nbsp;Lixin Shi,&nbsp;Qing Su,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yu,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Guijun Qin,&nbsp;Qin Wan,&nbsp;Gang Chen,&nbsp;Xulei Tang,&nbsp;Zhengnan Gao,&nbsp;Ruying Hu,&nbsp;Zuojie Luo,&nbsp;Yingfen Qin,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Xinguo Hou,&nbsp;Yanan Huo,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Guixia Wang,&nbsp;Yinfei Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Youmin Wang,&nbsp;Shengli Wu,&nbsp;Tao Yang,&nbsp;Huacong Deng,&nbsp;Jiajun Zhao,&nbsp;Guang Ning,&nbsp;Jieli Lu,&nbsp;Weiqing Wang,&nbsp;Yufang Bi,&nbsp;Yuhong Chen,&nbsp;the 4C Study Group","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic diseases remain a fast-growing global health burden. Besides other known factors, socioeconomic status (SES) has been recognized as a key determinant of metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and the prevalence of metabolic diseases in the Chinese population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from a nationwide community-based cross-sectional study in China. SES was derived to a composite score (range 0–3) using three indicators (educational attainment, living conditions, and marital status), with higher scores indicating better SES. Chronic diseases were diagnosed through biochemical testing and clinical assessments. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations between SES scores and metabolic diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 201 532 participants, the lowest SES group had 87.1% higher odds of metabolic diseases than the highest SES group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.871, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.739, 2.016). One-point decrease in SES score was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension (OR = 1.096, 95% CI: 1.080, 1.113) and obesity (OR = 1.112, 95% CI: 1.091, 1.134). In contrast, lower SES scores were linked to a reduced prevalence of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.931, 95% CI: 0.918, 0.945) and diabetes (OR = 0.974, 95% CI: 0.958, 0.990) after adjusting for covariates. We also observed that lower SES scores showed stronger associations with increased prevalence of obesity and hypertension in women but decreased risks of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower SES was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity but a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes, with significant gender differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking Cessation Inertia in Diabetes Care","authors":"Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi,&nbsp;Anoop Misra,&nbsp;Riccardo Polosa","doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1753-0407.70215","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most pressing noncommunicable disease challenges globally. In 2022, an estimated 828 million adults were living with diabetes, an increase of approximately 630 million since 1990 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This rapid rise has unfolded alongside another long-standing epidemic: combustible tobacco use. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.3 billion people use tobacco worldwide, and tobacco causes more than 7 million deaths each year, most of them in low- and middle-income countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The relationship between tobacco and T2D extends beyond simple co-occurrence. Active smoking is an independent risk factor for incident T2D. Meta-analytic evidence indicates a 37% higher risk among current smokers compared with never smokers, with a clear dose-response gradient [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune in origin, T2D has a well-established causal link with smoking. The tobacco–T2D nexus therefore represents a preventable and modifiable driver of disease burden.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Modern diabetes care is increasingly structured and metrics-driven. Clinicians routinely monitor glycemia, blood pressure, and lipid levels, stratify cardiovascular risk, and intensify treatment when targets are not achieved [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Yet smoking cessation, despite its well-established role in reducing vascular injury and end-organ damage, remains inconsistently integrated into routine diabetes care. In many settings, smoking status is recorded irregularly, addressed briefly, or deferred to follow-up that never occurs [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. As a result, a major modifiable exposure persists in a population already at elevated risk of complications. While diabetes care has successfully operationalized pharmacological and behavioral risk reduction across multiple domains, tobacco treatment remains marginal, fragmented, and weakly institutionalized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tobacco smoking remains common among adults living with T2D worldwide. A systematic review and meta-analysis spanning 74 studies across 33 countries, including approximately 3.2 million participants, estimated a global mean tobacco use prevalence of 20.8% among people with T2D [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Prevalence varied substantially by region (Figure 1). Estimates were highest in East Asia and the Pacific (28.0%), followed by South Asia (26.0%), Latin America and the Caribbean (21.9%), the Middle East and North Africa (19.2%), and North America (19.2%). Europe and Central Asia reported a lower prevalence of 16.6% [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. A separate meta-analysis from Africa estimated an overall active smoking prevalence among people with diabetes of 12.9%, with notable subregional variation: 21.3% in North Africa compared with 10.3% in Sub-Saharan Africa [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Importantly, these estimates are broadly comparable to those observed in adults without diabetes. In the 33 studies within the same meta-analysis that included a non-diabetic comparator group, pooled to","PeriodicalId":189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}