Nature Reviews Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Reply to ‘Neuroendocrine regulatory effects of sex hormones on salt sensitivity of blood pressure’","authors":"Sepiso K. Masenga, Annet Kirabo","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01176-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01176-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We appreciate the opportunity to reply to the points raised by M. Zhou et al. (Neuroendocrine regulatory effects of sex hormones on salt sensitivity of blood pressure. <i>Nat. Rev. Cardiol</i><i>.</i> https://doi.org/10.1338/10.1038/s41569-025-01175-6 2025)¹ on our Review (Masenga, S. K. et al. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences. <i>Nat. Rev. Cardiol</i><i>.</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01135-0 2025)².</p><p>Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca²⁺-permeable channel expressed in endothelium and neurons. Evidence indicates that endothelial TRPV4 activation causes vasodilatation by increasing intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, which triggers nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor pathways³. However, under certain conditions (such as strong agonism or in specific vascular beds), TRPV4 activation can paradoxically evoke vasoconstriction³. Therefore, reports of a ‘dual’ role are context dependent: mild TRPV4 activation produces net vasodilatation, whereas very high TRPV4 activity or TRPV4 activation in specific vessels can cause vasoconstriction. Importantly, TRPV4 activation (with 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD)) has been shown to acutely lower blood pressure in rats, and a high-salt diet augments this hypotensive effect⁴. In the latter study, rats receiving a high-salt diet expressed more TRPV4 and had a larger drop in blood pressure in response to TRPV4 agonism, suggesting that TRPV4 provides a compensatory vasodilatory response to salt loading⁴.</p>","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine regulatory effects of sex hormones on salt sensitivity of blood pressure","authors":"Mi Zhou, Bing-hua Wang, Yu-chan Wang, Wen-jun Zhang, Li-xue Yin","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01175-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01175-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We read with great interest the Review by S. K. Masenga et al. (Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences. <i>Nat. Rev. Cardiol.</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01135-0 2025)¹. The authors summarized the interactions between sex hormones, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and the epithelial Na⁺ channel in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension¹. Oestrogen is protective against salt-sensitive hypertension in women (especially premenopausal women) through its activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway and downstream protein phosphorylation to increase nitric oxide production in endothelial cells, while inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation by reducing the synthesis and activity of NADPH oxidases and suppressing nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors¹. The Review further mentioned the potential role of sex-specific differences in renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and expression of the epithelial Na⁺ channel in salt-sensitive hypertension¹. We believe that some other crucial information should be taken into account to fully understand the complex mechanisms regulating the salt sensitivity of blood pressure based on sex hormones.</p><p>First, the Review mentioned that nitric oxide production in female and male rats was regulated by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), respectively¹. Although some studies have shown that activation of TRPV4-dependent Ca²⁺ influx has an important role in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, other studies have found that TRPV4 mediates vasoconstriction and high-salt-induced hypertension^2,3. In addition, TRPV4 is also involved in the perception of variation in blood osmotic pressure by osmotic pressure receptor neurons in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the regulation of antidiuretic hormone (also known as vasopressin)⁴. <i>Trpv4</i>-knockout mice have impaired osmoregulation under hypertonic stress, leading to elevated systemic osmotic pressure⁵. Therefore, further research on the effects of TRPV4 on the vascular endothelium and blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy for cardiac arrhythmias","authors":"Sahej Bains, John R. Giudicessi, Katja E. Odening, Michael J. Ackerman","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01168-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01168-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, with cardiac arrhythmias contributing substantially to this burden. Gene therapy, which directly targets the underlying disease pathobiology, offers an appealing treatment strategy for cardiac arrhythmias owing to its potential as a one-time, curative solution. Over the past two decades, substantial efforts have been made to develop new gene therapy approaches that overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. In this Review, we describe the rationale for gene therapy to treat cardiac arrhythmias; discuss advantages and disadvantages of gene silencing, gene replacement, gene suppression-and-replacement and gene editing technologies; summarize vector modalities and delivery approaches used in the field; present examples of gene therapy strategies used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias; and highlight the current challenges and limitations in the gene therapy field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LDL-cholesterol lowering with obicetrapib","authors":"Gregory B. Lim","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01173-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01173-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the TANDEM and BROADWAY clinical trials, treatment with the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib in addition to background lipid-lowering therapy significantly reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol levels.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From data to impact: why conference presentation skills are essential for cardiovascular research dissemination","authors":"Marta Catarina Almeida, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01170-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01170-x","url":null,"abstract":"Conference presentation skills are a crucial, yet often overlooked, element in the dissemination of cardiovascular research. In an era of information overload and digital communication, the ability to clearly and engagingly present scientific data is essential, to ensure that the findings are understood, shared and implemented into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual mechanotherapy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis","authors":"Irene Fernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01172-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01172-9","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibition of mechanotransduction selectively in cardiac fibrolasts, especially when combined with inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signalling, triggers a reversal of fibroblast activation and suppresses fibrosis in diseased hearts.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMAL1 and HIF2α are key regulators of circadian-dependent variations in myocardial injury","authors":"Karina Huynh","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01169-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01169-4","url":null,"abstract":"A new study published in Nature reveals the role of the interaction between the circadian transcription factor BMAL1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α in circadian-dependent cardioprotection after ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and highlights the potential of chronotherapeutic approaches for ischaemic heart disease.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial cell metabolism in cardiovascular physiology and disease","authors":"Alessandra Pasut, Eleonora Lama, Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck, Jeffrey Kroon, Peter Carmeliet","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01162-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01162-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endothelial cells are multifunctional cells that form the inner layer of blood vessels and have a crucial role in vasoreactivity, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nutrient uptake and coagulation. Endothelial cells have unique metabolism and are metabolically heterogeneous. The microenvironment and metabolism of endothelial cells contribute to endothelial cell heterogeneity and metabolic specialization. Endothelial cell dysfunction is an early event in the development of several cardiovascular diseases and has been shown, at least to some extent, to be driven by metabolic changes preceding the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and chronic kidney disease are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Changes in endothelial cell metabolism induced by these cardiometabolic stressors accelerate the accumulation of dysfunctional endothelial cells in tissues and the development of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we discuss the diversity of metabolic programmes that control endothelial cell function in the cardiovascular system and how these metabolic programmes are perturbed in different cardiovascular diseases in a disease-specific manner. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of targeting endothelial cell metabolism for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media in modern cardiology: a tool for building community, visibility and impact","authors":"Ritu Thamman, Rafael Vidal-Perez","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01164-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01164-9","url":null,"abstract":"Digital communication increasingly shapes early-career cardiology. Social media offers powerful tools for education, networking and career growth, but also poses challenges such as misinformation and lack of professionalism. In this Comment article, we outline practical strategies for effectively navigating social media in the early stages of a cardiology career.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining respiratory sinus arrhythmia as respiratory heart rate variability: an international Expert Recommendation for terminological clarity.","authors":"Clément Menuet,Alona Ben-Tal,Ambre Linossier,Andrew M Allen,Benedito H Machado,Davi J A Moraes,David G S Farmer,David J Paterson,David Mendelowitz,Edward G Lakatta,Edwin W Taylor,Gareth L Ackland,Irving H Zucker,James P Fisher,James S Schwaber,Julia Shanks,Julian F R Paton,Julie Buron,K Michael Spyer,Kalyanam Shivkumar,Mathias Dutschmann,Michael J Joyner,Neil Herring,Paul Grossman,Robin M McAllen,Rohit Ramchandra,Song T Yao,Thomas Ritz,Alexander V Gourine","doi":"10.1038/s41569-025-01160-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01160-z","url":null,"abstract":"The variation of heart rate in phase with breathing, known as 'respiratory sinus arrhythmia' (RSA), is a physiological phenomenon present in all air-breathing vertebrates. RSA arises from the interaction of several physiological mechanisms but is primarily mediated by rhythmic changes in cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) activity, increasing heart rate during inspiration and decreasing heart rate during expiration. RSA amplitude is an indicator of autonomic and cardiac health; RSA is diminished or absent in common pathological conditions such as chronic heart failure and hypertension. In this Expert Recommendation, we argue that the term 'RSA', although historically important, is semantically inaccurate and carries misleading pathological connotations, contributing to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the origin and the physiological importance of the phenomenon. We propose replacing 'RSA' with the term 'respiratory heart rate variability' (RespHRV), which avoids pathological connotations and emphasizes the specific respiratory contribution to heart rate variability. We clarify that RespHRV encompasses respiratory-related heart rate variations in both the low-frequency and high-frequency bands traditionally defined in heart rate variability analysis, and that its amplitude should not be misconstrued as a measure of vagal tone. Adopting the proposed term 'RespHRV' is expected to unify understanding and stimulate further experimental and clinical research into the physiological mechanisms and functional importance of this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":18976,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cardiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":49.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}