Nature Photonics最新文献

{"title":"In situ energetics modulation enables high-efficiency and stable inverted perovskite solar cells","authors":"Hongwei Zhu, Bingyao Shao, Zhongjin Shen, Shuai You, Jun Yin, Nimer Wehbe, Lijie Wang, Xin Song, Mutalifu Abulikemu, Ali Basaheeh, Aqil Jamal, Issam Gereige, Marina Freitag, Omar F. Mohammed, Kai Zhu, Osman M. Bakr","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01542-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01542-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In contrast to conventional (<i>n</i>–<i>i</i>–<i>p</i>) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), inverted (<i>p</i>–<i>i</i>–<i>n</i>) PSCs offer enhanced stability and integrability with tandem solar cell architectures, which have garnered increasing interest. However, <i>p</i>–<i>i</i>–<i>n</i> cells suffer from energy level misalignment with transport layers, imbalanced transport of photo-generated electrons and holes, and significant defects with the perovskite films. Here we introduce tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane (3TPYMB), a nonionic <i>n</i>-type molecule that, through hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid–base reactions with perovskite surfaces or grain boundaries, enables in situ modulation of perovskite energetics, effectively mitigating the key challenges of <i>p</i>–<i>i</i>–<i>n</i> PSCs. The <i>p</i>–<i>i</i>–<i>n</i> PSCs incorporating 3TPYMB achieve a certified quasi-steady-state power conversion efficiency of 24.55 ± 0.33%, with a reverse scan efficiency of 25.58%. They also exhibit exceptional stability, with unencapsulated devices retaining 97.8% of their initial efficiency after 1,800 h of continuous operation at maximum power point under N₂ atmosphere, 1 sun illumination and 60 °C conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile optical frequency division with Kerr-induced synchronization at tunable microcomb synthetic dispersive waves","authors":"Grégory Moille, Pradyoth Shandilya, Alioune Niang, Curtis Menyuk, Gary Carter, Kartik Srinivasan","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01540-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01540-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kerr-induced synchronization (KIS) provides a key tool for the control and stabilization of a dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) frequency comb, enabled by the capture of a comb tooth by an injected reference laser. Efficient KIS relies on large locking bandwidth, meaning both the comb tooth and intracavity reference power need to be sufficiently large. Although KIS can theoretically occur at any comb tooth, large modal separations from the main pump to achieve large optical frequency division factors are often difficult or unfeasible due to cavity dispersion. While tailoring the dispersion to generate dispersive waves can support on-resonance KIS far from the main pump, this approach restricts synchronization to specific wavelengths. Here we demonstrate an alternative KIS method that allows efficient synchronization at arbitrary modes by multi-pumping a microresonator. This creates a multicolour DKS with a main and an auxiliary comb, the latter enabling the creation of a synthetic dispersive wave. As cross-phase modulation leads to a unique group velocity for both the soliton comb and the auxiliary comb, repetition rate disciplining of the auxiliary comb through KIS automatically controls the DKS microcomb. We explore this colour-KIS phenomenon theoretically and experimentally, showing control and tuning of the soliton microcomb repetition rate, resulting in optical frequency division independent of the main pump noise properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of quantum systems through nanophotonic spectral translation of electro-optic light","authors":"David A. Long,&nbsp;Jordan R. Stone,&nbsp;Yi Sun,&nbsp;Daron Westly,&nbsp;Kartik Srinivasan","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01532-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01532-w","url":null,"abstract":"An outstanding challenge for deployable quantum technologies is high-resolution laser spectroscopy at the specific wavelengths of ultranarrow transitions in atomic and solid-state quantum systems. Here we demonstrate a highly flexible approach to high-resolution spectroscopy for quantum technologies across a broad range of wavelengths, through the synergistic combination of fine-tooth electro-optic frequency combs and efficient Kerr nonlinear nanophotonics. We show that such fine-tooth combs, which provide simultaneous high spectral and temporal resolution in atomic spectroscopy, undergo coherent spectral translation with essentially no efficiency loss through third-order optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in a silicon-nitride microring. This enables nearly a million comb pump teeth, separated by a 1 kHz spacing, to be translated onto signal and idler beams that can be located across a broad range of wavelengths in the visible and short near-infrared. The generated wavelengths are subject to OPO phase and frequency-matching conditions that are highly controllable through nanophotonic dispersion engineering, and in the current implementation span between 589 and 1,150 nm, with both the electro-optic comb generation process and its spectral translation not introducing appreciable broadening to the pump laser linewidth. We further demonstrate the application of this approach to quantum systems by performing sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the hyperfine transitions of Cs atomic vapour with our electro-optically driven Kerr nonlinear light source. The generality, robustness and agility of our approach, as well as its compatibility with photonic integration, are expected to lead to its widespread applications in areas such as quantum sensing, telecommunications and atomic clocks. A nonlinear nanophotonic resonator is used to spectrally translate an electro-optic frequency comb to a controllable set of wavelengths between 600 nm and 1,050 nm, with comb properties that are advantageous for high-resolution spectroscopy preserved.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 12","pages":"1285-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-form dual-comb spectroscopy for compressive sensing and imaging","authors":"Fabrizio R. Giorgetta,&nbsp;Simon Potvin,&nbsp;Jean-Daniel Deschênes,&nbsp;Ian Coddington,&nbsp;Nathan R. Newbury,&nbsp;Esther Baumann","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01530-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01530-y","url":null,"abstract":"Time-programmable frequency combs enable new measurement paradigms for dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) that are free of many of the constraints found in traditional DCS. As opposed to fixing the repetition rate offset between combs, free-form DCS uses full control of the temporal offset between the dual-comb pulse trains, thereby enabling user-selectable sampling patterns that optimize resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, species selectivity or acquisition time. Here we show that free-form DCS enables compressive sensing and demonstrate compression factors of up to 155, with an up to 60-fold reduction in acquisition time, while maintaining identical spectral point spacing and comparable signal-to-noise ratio to traditional DCS. We also demonstrate molecular recurrence sampling (an extreme case of compressive sensing) for methane detection at 22× higher sensitivity than traditional DCS at the cost of requiring a priori knowledge of the probed species. Finally, free-form DCS can enable fast species-selective imaging since its radio frequency signal is narrow band, in contrast to traditional DCS, and therefore compatible with limited camera read out rates. We demonstrate imaging of methane plumes across a 128 × 64-pixel focal plane array at a 250 Hz rate. In the future, this flexible free-form approach can enable applications ranging from rapid open-path spectroscopy to nonlinear multidimensional comb-based spectroscopy. By incorporating time-programmable frequency combs, free-form dual-comb spectroscopy enables compressive sensing at factors of up to 155, with a corresponding reduction in acquisition time without sacrificing spectral resolution.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 12","pages":"1312-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient circularly polarized near-infrared phosphorescence in both solution and aggregate","authors":"Dan Liu,&nbsp;Wen-Jin Wang,&nbsp;Parvej Alam,&nbsp;Zhan Yang,&nbsp;Kaiwen Wu,&nbsp;Lixun Zhu,&nbsp;Yu Xiong,&nbsp;Shuai Chang,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Bo Wu,&nbsp;Qian Wu,&nbsp;Zijie Qiu,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao,&nbsp;Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01538-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01538-4","url":null,"abstract":"Circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) is a spin-forbidden radiative process, and its underlying mechanism is not comprehensively understood, mainly due to the limited examples of efficient triplet emission from small chiral organic molecules with well-defined structures. Here we investigate a pair of chiral enantiomers, R- and S-BBTI, that feature highly distorted spiral ring-locked heteroaromatics with heavy iodine atoms. These chiral molecules are found to exhibit large dissymmetry factors up to 0.013 and emit near-infrared CPP with an efficiency of 4.2% and a lifetime of 119 μs in dimethyl sulfoxide solution excited by ultraviolet irradiation. Their crystals show efficient CPP with 7.0% quantum efficiency and a lifetime of 166 μs. Extensive experimental chiroptical investigations combined with theoretical calculations reveal an efficient spin-flip process that modulates the electron and magnetic transition dipole moments to enhance CPP performance. Moreover, the phosphorescence of R/S-BBTI is oxygen-sensitive and photoactivatable in dimethyl sulfoxide. Therefore, R/S-BBTI can be applied for hypoxia imaging in cells and tumours, expanding the application scope of CPP materials. Two chiral enantiomers, R- and S-BBTI, are found to efficiently emit near-infrared circularly polarized phosphorescence with a large dissymmetry factor of 0.013 in dilute solutions.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 12","pages":"1276-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in quantum imaging","authors":"Hugo Defienne,&nbsp;Warwick P. Bowen,&nbsp;Maria Chekhova,&nbsp;Gabriela Barreto Lemos,&nbsp;Dan Oron,&nbsp;Sven Ramelow,&nbsp;Nicolas Treps,&nbsp;Daniele Faccio","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01516-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01516-w","url":null,"abstract":"Modern imaging technologies are widely based on classical principles of light or electromagnetic wave propagation. They can be remarkably sophisticated, with recent successes ranging from single-molecule microscopy to imaging far-distant galaxies. However, new imaging technologies based on quantum principles are gradually emerging. They can either surpass classical approaches or provide novel imaging capabilities that would not otherwise be possible. Here we provide an overview of the most recently developed quantum imaging systems, highlighting the nonclassical properties of sources, such as bright squeezed light, entangled photons and single-photon emitters that enable their functionality. We outline potential upcoming trends and the associated challenges, all driven by a central enquiry, which is to understand whether quantum light can make visible the invisible. This Review provides an overview of the most recently developed quantum imaging systems, highlighting the nonclassical properties of sources, such as bright squeezed light, entangled photons and single-photon emitters that enable their functionality.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1024-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging integrated laser technologies in the visible and short near-infrared regimes","authors":"Xiyuan Lu,&nbsp;Lin Chang,&nbsp;Minh A. Tran,&nbsp;Tin Komljenovic,&nbsp;John E. Bowers,&nbsp;Kartik Srinivasan","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01529-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01529-5","url":null,"abstract":"Applications in timekeeping, quantum sensing and quantum computing have sparked growing demand for high-performance photonic integrated circuit (PIC) lasers at visible and short near-infrared wavelengths between 400 nm and 1,000 nm. This Review summarizes the application needs and recent advances in such PIC lasers, focusing on low-noise, continuous-wave operation needed for many quantum technologies. We discuss the building blocks for these laser systems, including the heterogeneous and hybrid integration of gain media, low-loss PICs, external-cavity and self-injection locking schemes, and nonlinear wavelength conversion through optical harmonic generation and optical parametric oscillation processes. We review demonstrations utilizing various combinations of these elements. Finally, we consider current PIC laser performance in the context of a few example quantum technologies that require lasers at multiple wavelengths. This Review provides an overview on high-performance photonic integrated circuit lasers at visible and short near-infrared wavelengths between 400 nm and 1,000 nm, focusing on low-noise, continuous-wave operation needed for many quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1010-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast switching of trions in 2D materials by terahertz photons","authors":"Tommaso Venanzi,&nbsp;Marzia Cuccu,&nbsp;Raul Perea-Causin,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun,&nbsp;Samuel Brem,&nbsp;Daniel Erkensten,&nbsp;Takashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Kenji Watanabe,&nbsp;Ermin Malic,&nbsp;Manfred Helm,&nbsp;Stephan Winnerl,&nbsp;Alexey Chernikov","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01512-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01512-0","url":null,"abstract":"External control of optical excitations is key for manipulating light–matter coupling and is highly desirable for photonic technologies. Excitons in monolayer semiconductors emerged as a unique nanoscale platform in this context, offering strong light–matter coupling, spin–valley locking and exceptional tunability. Crucially, they allow electrical switching of their optical response due to efficient interactions of excitonic emitters with free charge carriers, forming new quasiparticles known as trions and Fermi polarons. However, there are major limitations to how fast the light emission of these states can be tuned, restricting the majority of applications to an essentially static regime. Here we demonstrate switching of excitonic light emitters in monolayer semiconductors on ultrafast picosecond time scales by applying short pulses in the terahertz spectral range following optical injection. The process is based on a rapid conversion of trions to excitons by absorption of terahertz photons inducing photodetachment. Monitoring time-resolved emission dynamics in optical-pump/terahertz-push experiments, we achieve the required resonance conditions as well as demonstrate tunability of the process with delay time and terahertz pulse power. Our results introduce a versatile experimental tool for fundamental research of light-emitting excitations of composite Bose–Fermi mixtures and open up pathways towards technological developments of new types of nanophotonic device based on atomically thin materials. Using short pulses in the terahertz spectral range following optical injection, ultrafast excitation of trions to excitons and free carriers in monolayer MoSe2 can be realized within picoseconds, advancing nanoscale optoelectronics devices.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 12","pages":"1344-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating phase homogeneity by self-assembled molecules for enhanced efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xi Wang,&nbsp;Jia Li,&nbsp;Renjun Guo,&nbsp;Xinxing Yin,&nbsp;Ran Luo,&nbsp;Dengyang Guo,&nbsp;Kangyu Ji,&nbsp;Linjie Dai,&nbsp;Haoming Liang,&nbsp;Xiangkun Jia,&nbsp;Jinxi Chen,&nbsp;Zhenrong Jia,&nbsp;Zhuojie Shi,&nbsp;Shunchang Liu,&nbsp;Yuduan Wang,&nbsp;Qilin Zhou,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Guangjiu Pan,&nbsp;Peter Müller-Buschbaum,&nbsp;Samuel D. Stranks,&nbsp;Yi Hou","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01531-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01531-x","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneity in transporting interfaces and perovskites poses a substantial challenge in improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells from small to large scales, a key barrier to their commercial use. Here we find that the amorphous phases of self-assembling molecules (SAMs) can realize a more homogeneous perovskite growth. Hyperspectral analysis confirms a narrower and blueshifted photoluminescence peak distribution in perovskite/amorphous SAMs. Additionally, fluence-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence reveals a reduced trap-assisted recombination rate of 0.5 × 106 s−1 in amorphous-SAM-based perovskite films. This improvement translates to p–i–n structured perovskite solar cells achieving an efficiency of 25.20% (certified at 24.35%) over a one-square-centimetre area. These cells maintain nearly 100% efficiency after 600 h of 1-sun maximum power point tracking under the ISOS-L-1 protocol, and retain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h, as evaluated by the ISOS-T-2 protocol. Amorphous phases of self-assembling molecules employed as a hole-transporting layer in inverted perovskite solar cells contribute to homogeneous perovskite film growth, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 25.20% (certified 24.35%) for one-square-centimetre area cells.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 12","pages":"1269-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource-efficient photonic quantum computation with high-dimensional cluster states","authors":"Ohad Lib,&nbsp;Yaron Bromberg","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers can revolutionize science and technology, but their realization remains challenging across all platforms. A promising route to scalability is photonic-measurement-based quantum computation, where single-qubit measurements on large cluster states, together with feedforward steps, enable fault-tolerant quantum computation; however, generating large cluster states at high rates is notoriously difficult as detection probabilities drop exponentially with the number of photons comprising the state. We tackle this challenge by encoding multiple qubits on each photon through high-dimensional spatial encoding, generating cluster states with over nine qubits at a rate of 100 Hz. We also demonstrate that high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration by enabling instantaneous feedforward between qubits encoded in the same photon. Our findings pave the way for resource-efficient measurement-based quantum computation using high-dimensional entanglement. By entangling multiple qudits within the Hilbert space of each photon, cluster states with up to 9.28 qubits are generated at a rate of 100 Hz. The high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration compared to the standard two-dimensional encoding.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 11","pages":"1218-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}