Nature Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Ångström-tunable polarization-resolved solid-state photon sources","authors":"Yinhui Kan, Paul C. V. Thrane, Xujing Liu, Shailesh Kumar, Chao Meng, Radu Malureanu, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01709-x","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-quality solid-state photon sources is essential to nano-optics, quantum photonics and related fields. A key objective of this research area is to develop tunable photon sources that not only enhance the performance but also offer dynamic functionalities. However, the realization of compact and robust photon sources with precise and wide-range tunability remains a long-standing challenge. Moreover, the lack of an effective approach to integrate nanoscale photon sources with dynamic systems has hindered tunability beyond mere spectral adjustments, such as simultaneous polarization control. Here we propose a platform based on quantum-emitter-embedded metasurfaces (QEMS) integrated with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-positioned microcavity, enabling on-chip multidegree control of solid-state photon sources. Using MEMS–QEMS, we show that typically broadband room-temperature emission from nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centres can be narrowed to 3.7 nm and dynamically tuned with ångström resolution. Furthermore, we design a wavelength–polarization-multiplexed QEMS and demonstrate polarization-resolved control of the MEMS–QEMS emission in a wide wavelength range (650–700 nm) along with polarization switching at submillisecond timescales. We believe that the proposed MEMS–QEMS platform can be adapted for most existing quantum emitters, significantly expanding their room-temperature capabilities and thereby enhancing their potential for advanced photonic applications. A platform based on quantum-emitter-embedded metasurfaces with a microcavity that can be tuned by a micro-electromechanical system is demonstrated, enabling dynamic photon emission with narrow bandwidth, ångström-level wavelength tunability and polarization switching.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 9","pages":"960-967"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attosecond virtual charge dynamics in dielectrics","authors":"Gian Luca Dolso, Shunsuke A. Sato, Giacomo Inzani, Nicola Di Palo, Bruno Moio, Rocío Borrego-Varillas, Mauro Nisoli, Matteo Lucchini","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01700-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01700-6","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of intense infrared pulses with a solid target can initiate light-field-driven phenomena that enable the reversible manipulation of their electro-optical properties on an attosecond timescale. This interaction regime therefore offers a unique opportunity to induce and control new functionalities with very high speed. However, the efficient exploitation of coherent light–matter states for future applications requires a detailed understanding of the underlying physical processes. This task is complicated by the complex and intertwined nature of inter- and intraband dynamics of real and virtual carriers underlying field-driven phenomena in solids. Here we used attosecond transient reflection spectroscopy to investigate ultrafast virtual electron dynamics in a prototype dielectric (monocrystalline diamond) over a broad photon energy range not previously accessed. Independent calibration of the pump–probe delay axis allowed direct comparison with numerical calculations, revealing that virtual interband transitions affect the timing and adiabaticity of the crystal response, even in a regime believed to be dominated by intraband motion. By demonstrating that virtual interband transitions are indispensable for an accurate description of strong-field-induced phenomena in solids, our results constitute a relevant step towards understanding transient nonlinear optical processes, a cornerstone for the future development of information processing and petahertz electronics. Attosecond transient reflection spectroscopy is used to experimentally observe the attosecond electron dynamics of a crystalline diamond, showing that virtual interband transitions affect the timing and adiabaticity of the crystal response and thus providing insights for the development of information processing and petahertz electronics.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 9","pages":"999-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent-assisted reaction for spontaneous defect passivation in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Yiyang Wang, Chenxing Lu, Minchao Liu, Can Zhu, Jinyuan Zhang, Shucheng Qin, Zhe Liu, Meirong Liu, Yao Zhao, Fuyi Wang, Xiaojun Li, Lei Meng, Yongfang Li","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01704-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01704-2","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly in the past decade. For fabricating highly efficient perovskite solar cells, efforts have been devoted to modulate the nucleation and crystallization processes of perovskite active layers by solvent, antisolvent and additive engineering. However, there is still a need for effective strategies to regulate perovskite nucleation and crystal growth and passivating in situ defects on the surface and at the grain boundaries. Here we introduce 1,4-butane sultone as the second solvent into the perovskite precursor solution to regulate the nucleation of the α-FAPbI3 layer. The interaction between 1,4-butane sultone and the solute decreases the density of nucleation and inhibits secondary nucleation. At the same time, the ring-opening conversion of 1,4-butane sultone during the annealing process produces 4-chlorobutane-1-sulfonate and 4-iodobutane-1-sulfonate, which effectively passivate the surface defects in the perovskite. As a result, treated n–i–p planar perovskite solar cells attain a power conversion efficiency of 26.5% (certified as 26.2%), with enhanced long-term stability. Solvent engineering by the addition of 1,4-butane sultone in a perovskite precursor solution simultaneously enhances the crystallization of the perovskite and passivates defects, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 26.5%.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 9","pages":"985-991"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-resolved attosecond solitons","authors":"Amelie M. Heinzerling, Francesco Tani, Manoram Agarwal, Vladislav S. Yakovlev, Ferenc Krausz, Nicholas Karpowicz","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01658-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01658-5","url":null,"abstract":"Here we harness soliton dynamics in a hollow-core fibre to generate attosecond laser pulses spanning the deep ultraviolet (DUV) to the near infrared, and we record their electric-field waveforms using nonlinear photoconductive sampling. By combining these techniques, we measure ultrashort pulses containing a soliton at optical wavelengths and generated a resonant dispersive wave covering the DUV regime with a total pulse duration of 350 attoseconds full width at half maximum of the squared field, demonstrating the extension of the electric-field sampling bandwidth to ultrashort wavelengths. Therefore, we provide a flexible and efficient route to the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses complementary to those based on high-harmonic generation in gases, in a spectral range particularly interesting for studies in solids and in molecules. Finally, we show that these subcycle DUV–near-infrared pulses provide sufficient intensities to ionize argon and, thus, access attosecond strong-field laser physics in these spectral regions. Combining attosecond metrology and soliton dynamics in hollow-core fibres, the generation of attosecond laser pulses from the deep-ultraviolet to the near-infrared regime and the measurement of attosecond solitons with 350-as durations at optical wavelengths are demonstrated, providing an efficient route to generate intense isolated attosecond pulses complementary to those based on high-harmonic generation in gases.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 7","pages":"772-777"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01658-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme-ultraviolet spatiotemporal vortices via high harmonic generation","authors":"Rodrigo Martín-Hernández, Guan Gui, Luis Plaja, Henry C. Kapteyn, Margaret M. Murnane, Chen-Ting Liao, Miguel A. Porras, Carlos Hernández-García","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01699-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01699-w","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) are space–time structured light pulses with a unique topology that couples spatial and temporal domains and carry transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM). Up to now, their generation has been limited to the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. During the last decade, it was shown that through the process of high-order harmonic generation, it is possible to upconvert spatial optical vortices that carry longitudinal OAM from the near-infrared into the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), thereby producing vortices with distinct femtosecond and attosecond structure. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the generation of EUV spatiotemporal and spatiospectral vortices using near-infrared STOV driving laser pulses. We use analytical expressions for focused STOVs to perform macroscopic calculations of high-order harmonic generation that are directly compared to the experimental results. As STOV beams are not eigenmodes of propagation, we characterize the highly charged EUV STOVs in both the near and far fields to show that they represent conjugated spatiotemporal and spatiospectral vortex pairs. Our work provides high-frequency light beams topologically coupled at the nanometre/attosecond scales domains with transverse OAM that could be suitable to explore electronic dynamics in magnetic materials, chiral media and nanostructures. The generation of spatiotemporal optical vortices in the extreme-ultraviolet regime is demonstrated via high harmonic generation. Topologically coupled at the nanometre and attosecond domains, these light beams are attractive for exploring electronic dynamics in magnetic materials, chiral media and nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 8","pages":"817-824"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing micro-Fabry–Pérot reference cavities in photonic integrated circuits","authors":"Haotian Cheng, Chao Xiang, Naijun Jin, Igor Kudelin, Joel Guo, Matthew Heyrich, Yifan Liu, Jonathan Peters, Qing-Xin Ji, Yishu Zhou, Kerry J. Vahala, Franklyn Quinlan, Scott A. Diddams, John E. Bowers, Peter T. Rakich","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01701-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01701-5","url":null,"abstract":"Compact photonic systems that offer high frequency stability and low noise are of increasing importance to applications in precision metrology, quantum computing, communication and advanced sensing technologies. However, on-chip resonators comprising dielectrics cannot match the frequency stability and noise characteristics of Fabry–Pérot cavities, whose electromagnetic modes live almost entirely in vacuum. Here we present a novel strategy to interface microfabricated Fabry–Pérot cavities with photonic integrated circuits to realize compact, high-performance integrated systems. Using this new integration approach, we demonstrate the self-injection locking of an on-chip laser to a millimetre-scale vacuum-gap Fabry–Pérot cavity using a circuit interface that transforms the reflected cavity response to enable efficient feedback to the laser. This system achieves a phase noise of –97 dBc Hz–1 at 10-kHz offset frequency, a fractional frequency stability of 5 × 10−13 at 10 ms, a 150-Hz 1/π integral linewidth and a 35-mHz fundamental linewidth. We also present a complementary integration strategy that utilizes a vertical-emission grating coupler and a back-reflection cancellation circuit to realize a fully co-integrated module that effectively redirects the reflected signals and isolates back-reflections with a 10-dB suppression ratio, serving as a key for on-chip Pound–Drever–Hall locking. Together, these results highlight how vacuum-gap Fabry–Pérot reference cavities can be harnessed for ultrastable, low-noise photonic systems. Self-injection locking of an on-chip laser to a milimetre-scale vacuum-gap Fabry–Pérot cavity is demonstrated, with a phase noise of –97 dBc Hz–1 at a 10-kHz offset frequency and a fractional frequency stability of 5 × 10−13 at 10 ms, enabling next-generation high-performance integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 9","pages":"992-998"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01701-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells via a polymer heterointerface bridge","authors":"Xiaodan Tang, Chenglin Yang, Yafeng Xu, Jianxing Xia, Bo Li, Miao Li, Yuanyuan Zhou, Lulu Jiang, Hairui Liu, Kunhui Ma, Qiao Yu, Bitao Dong, Yuhang Liu, Omar F. Mohammed, Xiaopeng Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01676-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01676-3","url":null,"abstract":"Defective and mechanically weak interfaces substantially undermine both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we introduce a linear polymer, heparin sodium, as a multifunctional interface bridge layer in n–i–p PSCs. Unlike commonly employed small-molecule interface modification/passivation materials, heparin sodium features functional groups and ions including COO−, SO3− and Na+ distributed along the top and bottom sides of its backbone. It thus serves as a bridge connecting the SnO2 electron transport layer and the perovskite film through robust chemical bonding, mitigating defects and enhancing heterointerface bonding in PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting rigid devices is 26.61% (certified 26.54%), positioning it among the highest-efficiency PSCs. We also fabricate flexible SnO2/heparin sodium-based PSCs that achieve a PCE of 25.23%. The heparin sodium-based devices demonstrate excellent operational and thermal stability. After 1,800 h under maximum power point tracking under simulated 1-Sun conditions, 94.9% of the initial PCE is retained. The devices also maintain 95.2% of their initial PCE after ageing at 85 °C for 1,800 h. The introduction of sodium heparin passivates interface defects and enhances bonding between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer in perovskite solar cells. The best-performing devices exhibit a certified PCE of 26.54% and maintain almost 95% of their initial performance after 1,800 h of maximum power point tracking.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 7","pages":"701-708"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed lasers light up opportunities","authors":"Noriaki Horiuchi","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01689-y","url":null,"abstract":"Key advances included subcycle laser development, quantum vortex visualization, and terahertz-based analysis of solar cells — showcasing the benefit of pulsed lasers across a wide range of disciplines.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 6","pages":"556-557"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured detection for simultaneous super-resolution and optical sectioning in laser scanning microscopy","authors":"Alessandro Zunino, Giacomo Garrè, Eleonora Perego, Sabrina Zappone, Mattia Donato, Nadine Vastenhouw, Giuseppe Vicidomini","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01695-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01695-0","url":null,"abstract":"Fast detector arrays enable an effective implementation of image scanning microscopy, which overcomes the trade-off between spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of confocal microscopy. However, current image scanning microscopy approaches do not provide optical sectioning and fail with thick samples unless the detector size is limited, thereby introducing a new trade-off between optical sectioning and signal-to-noise ratio. Here we propose a method that overcomes such a limitation. From single-plane acquisition, we reconstruct an image with digital and optical super-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced optical sectioning. On the basis of the observation that imaging with a detector array inherently embeds axial information, we designed a straightforward reconstruction algorithm that inverts the physical model of image scanning microscopy image formation. We present a comprehensive theoretical framework and validate our method with images of biological samples captured using a custom setup equipped with a single-photon avalanche diode array detector. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by exciting fluorescence emission in both linear and nonlinear regimes. Moreover, we generalize the algorithm for fluorescence lifetime imaging, fully exploiting the single-photon timing ability of the single-photon avalanche diode array detector. Our method outperforms conventional reconstruction techniques and can be extended to any laser scanning microscopy technique. A reconstruction method for image scanning microscopy exploits all the information encoded in the four-dimensional image scanning microscopy dataset to achieve optical sectioning and maintain super-resolution and high-signal-to-noise-ratio imaging.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 8","pages":"888-897"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01695-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OLETs with narrowband emission","authors":"Giampaolo Pitruzzello","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01685-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01685-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 6","pages":"555-555"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}