Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Revolutionizing Food Safety: A Systematic Review of Nanotechnology-Based Aflatoxin Detection (2010-2023).","authors":"Temitope R Fagbohun, Oluwasola A Adelusi, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Clarence Yah, Velaphi C Thipe, Kattesh V Katti, Patrick B Njobeh","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S558176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S558176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food safety remains a critical global challenge, particularly due to contamination by aflatoxins (AFs), highly toxic secondary metabolites produced primarily by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>. This significant group of mycotoxins frequently contaminate staple food commodities, posing serious risks to public health, food security, and agricultural sustainability, thus the need for their detection in food. Conventional analytical methods, including chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, although highly accurate, are often time-consuming, resource-intensive, and dependent on sophisticated instrumentation and skilled personnel, thereby limiting their applicability in decentralized and resource-limited settings. Recent advances in detecting AFs in food matrices is nanoparticle-based, thus the focus in this systematic review. In this study, a systematic review that critically evaluates nanoparticle-based detection strategies for AFs in food, highlighting their potential to transform food safety monitoring was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Data generated was subsequently reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and PRISMA framework. Peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2023 were systematically retrieved from multiple electronic databases. Study screening, eligibility assessment, and data extraction were independently performed using Covidence systematic review management software. A total of 38 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The findings demonstrate a strong predominance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), attributed to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable surface chemistry, and exceptional optical properties, which collectively enhance assay sensitivity and signal transduction in immunosensing platforms. Notably, gold-silica core-shell nanoparticle-based assays achieved the lowest reported limit of detection (LOD) for Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) of 0.24 pg/mL. Other nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanostructures and polymeric nanoparticles, also exhibited robust analytical performance, with reported LOD ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 2.7 ng/mL, depending on the food matrix, nanomaterial type, and assay design. Overall, this systematic review highlights key trends in nanoparticle applications for AF detection and underscores their potential for rapid, highly sensitive, and field-deployable food safety diagnostic testing. Despite substantial progress, critical challenges related to scalability, reproducibility, standardization, and regulatory approval remain. Addressing these barriers will be essential for translating nanotechnology-based AF detection platforms from laboratory research into routine food safety surveillance and regulatory practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"558176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) in a New Perspective for Prostate Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Karolina Karnas-Janota, Czesław Kapusta, Janusz Przewoźnik, Martyna Kowalczyk, Anna Karewicz, Joanna Dulińska-Litewka","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S526094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S526094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prostate cancer circulating tumor cells (PCTCs) are often found in the blood of patients suffering from metastatic prostate cancer and they are responsible for contributing to metastatic progression. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely studied in the context of biomedical applications. Recently, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) capture and neutralization, as well as magnetically assisted drug delivery, have attracted much attention of researchers. Our studies are focused on the impact of the SPIONs stabilized with both cationic (CCh) and anionic (ACh) derivatives of chitosan on the model prostate cancer cell lines differing in phenotype and malignancy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In the research conducted, SPION/CCh and SPION/ACh particles were prepared, their colloidal stability and magnetic properties were examined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, fluorescence spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry, and their impact on the properties of prostate cells (PC-3, LNCaP and DU 145) with various degrees of malignancy (normal and cancer) was determined in correlation with proteins of the cell signaling pathways involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SPION nanoparticles obtained were spherical, colloidally stable, and exhibited excellent magnetic properties. They showed an inhibiting effect on the migration of prostate cancer cells studied. Additionally, they slightly changed the expression of EMT pathway proteins, with an observed increase in E-cadherin which indicates, for the first time, a protective effect of SPIONs. The optical and confocal microscopy results obtained for the three cell lines studied indicated that the nanoparticles get internalized and also adsorbed on their surface, which is a desirable novel effect for their potential use as drug carriers in cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained allow us to be the first to conclude that our SPION particles in non-toxic concentrations can be used as carriers of active substances for prostate cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"526094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12790764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Production of Antimicrobial Pyocyanin Using Electromagnetic Fields and Carbon Nanotubes.","authors":"Joanna Honselmann Genannt Humme, Kamila Dubrowska, Dawid Sołoducha, Tomasz Borowski, Adrian Augustyniak, Rafał Rakoczy","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S563685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S563685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> produces pyocyanin, a phenazine antimicrobial agent against drug-resistant microorganisms. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were shown to stimulate pyocyanin production. Since they are known for their conductivity, their stimulatory properties could be affected by electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether EMFs, alone or in combination with MWCNT, could serve as a process simulator for pyocyanin production, and whether the production process is optimizable.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Design of Experiment method was employed to optimize pyocyanin production by the cultures exposed to different types of EMFs alone or in combination with MWCNTs. This allowed for identifying the setup with the highest improvement in pyocyanin production. In this setup, additional assays, including conductivity, magnetic induction, ROS level, and membrane potential measurements, were performed. The antibacterial properties of the purified pigment were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The rotating magnetic field (RMF) combined with MWCNT was identified as the most effective setup for pyocyanin production (production improved by 143% compared to the control), which can be further enhanced by aeration. Significant changes in conductivity, magnetic induction, membrane potential, and ROS levels were observed. The purified pigment exhibited strong antibacterial properties, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, which are often recognized as drug-resistant microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research proposes a novel approach to bioprocessing, where the production of the desired metabolite can be stimulated through a combination of stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"563685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of α-Mangostin-Loaded Chitosan/Collagen Nanoparticles in Hydrogel Formulation for Enhanced Wound Healing.","authors":"Kusnadi, Yedi Herdiana, Emma Rochima, I Made Joni, Okta Nama Putra, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S563394","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S563394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic and acute wounds remain difficult to manage due to the inability of conventional dressings to provide sustained delivery of poorly soluble bioactives such as α-mangostin. This study investigates the potential of α-mangostin (AMG)-loaded chitosan/collagen nanoparticles (AMG-Ch/Coll NPs) incorporated into a hydrogel system for enhanced topical wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology (SEM), entrapment efficiency, and physicochemical interactions (FTIR, XRD, DSC). AMG solubility, including its apparent solubility in AMG-Ch NPs and AMG-Ch/Coll NPs was quantified. Subsequently, hydrogels incorporating AMG, AMG-Ch NPs, AMG-Ch/Coll NPs, and Ch-Coll NPs were formulated and evaluated for pH, spreadability, swelling ratio, and in vitro drug release. In vivo wound-healing efficacy was further assessed using a rat excision model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean particle size increased from 297.10 ± 11.64 nm (AMG-Ch NPs) to 317.66 ± 8.76 nm (AMG-Ch/Coll NPs) and 339.62 ± 6.43 nm (Ch-Coll NPs), indicating the influence of collagen on particle size. FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses confirmed the successful formation of amorphous nanoparticles with strong intermolecular interactions, contributing to enhanced structural stability and solubility. A fourfold improvement in AMG solubility was observed in the nanoparticle formulations, which were subsequently incorporated into hydrogel matrices and evaluated for topical application. All hydrogel (HG) formulations exhibited acceptable pH values (6.50-6.98) suitable for skin application. AMG-Ch NPs-HG demonstrated superior spreadability, swelling ratio, and drug release profiles, followed by AMG-Ch/Coll NPs-HG. Sustained AMG release was achieved, supporting prolonged bioavailability. In vivo wound healing studies in rats revealed that AMG-Ch NPs-HG and AMG-Ch/Coll NPs-HG significantly accelerated wound closure (99.28 ± 3.59% and 98.13 ± 3.26%, respectively, on day 21), outperforming AMG-HG (89.12 ± 2.58%), Ch/Coll NPs-HG (88.95 ± 3.14%), and the control group (79.84 ± 2.25%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these findings highlight the synergistic advantages of AMG-loaded Ch/Coll NPs in hydrogel formulations as a promising platform for enhanced topical wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"563394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12790764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Core-Shell Fiber Composition on the Properties and Stability of the Electrospun Films.","authors":"Ewelina Łyszczarz, Aleksandra Rezka, Dorota Majda, Witold Jamróz, Aleksander Mendyk","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S572482","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S572482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate core-shell electrospun orodispersible films (ODFs) containing lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) for pediatric HIV therapy. The investigation focused on the impact of fiber composition and storage conditions on film morphology, physicochemical stability, mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug dissolution profiles.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Core-shell ODFs were prepared via co-axial electrospinning using LPV and RTV solutions in Eudragit^® E100 and Kollidon^® VA64 matrices, respectively. Two configurations were tested, ie LPV in the core and RTV in the shell (LPV/RTV), and vice versa (RTV/LPV). Films were characterized using SEM, DSC, XRD, mechanical testing, disintegration and dissolution studies, and uniformity of content analysis. Stability was assessed under long-term (25 °C/60% RH) and accelerated (40 °C/75% RH) conditions over six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPV/RTV films were more homogeneous in their morphology and showed superior stability during storage compared to RTV/LPV films. SEM analysis revealed compact, well-aligned fibers in LPV/RTV mats, while RTV/LPV mats showed heterogeneous, ribbon-like structures. LPV/RTV films disintegrated within 100 ± 37s, meeting requirements of very fast disintegration, whereas RTV/LPV films remained intact for 180 s. Compared to RTV/LPV films, LPV/RTV films showed greater uniformity in API content and stability over time, while both formulations exhibited slight, non-significant shifts in LPV/RTV ratios during storage. Dissolution profiles indicated enhanced release from RTV/LPV films, though structural degradation limited their stability. After storage, for both types of films, partial recrystallization of API was observed. The LPV/RTV films maintained their dissolution performance, whereas the RTV/LPV films showed significant deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Core-shell electrospun ODFs with LPV in the core and RTV in the shell demonstrated more homogeneous and resistant to storage-related changes, although the release of the active ingredients was characterized by slower dissolution. These findings support the potential of co-axial electrospinning for developing pediatric-friendly antiretroviral formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"735-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiny Diamonds, Big Impact: Unlocking the Structure-Activity Relationship of Antimicrobial Nanodiamonds.","authors":"Gabriela Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł, Maciej Stróżyk, Marta Skoda, Aleksander Mendyk","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S575116","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S575116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanodiamonds (NDs) have emerged as a highly promising nanomaterial due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and remarkable antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties, which result from their unique surface morphology. NDs serve as an excellent platform for extensive functionalization with diverse chemical groups and complex bioactive molecules, including peptides, photosensitizers, antibiotics and polycations. The antimicrobial potential of NDs has gained considerable attention in recent years across numerous application areas, including drug-delivery platforms, wound dressings, dentistry, surface coatings, biomedical implants, the food industry and water treatment technologies. This article compiles and critically evaluates the current microbiological evidence on ND antimicrobial activity. However, translating these findings into practical guidelines remains challenging due to the wide variability in reported results and the limited diversity of bacterial strains employed. The antimicrobial mechanisms of NDs in the context of Gram positive, Gram negative, and flagellated bacteria are examined, and it is demonstrated that key factors, including particle size, surface charge, and the composition of testing media, profoundly influence experimental outcomes and underlie many apparent contradictions in the field. Moreover, this review summarizes the functionalization strategies available for NDs, their reported biomedical and industrial applications, and current knowledge regarding their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. Collectively, the article provides an integrated view of the structure-activity relationship governing ND antimicrobial performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"711-733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12752784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paclitaxel-Loaded Polyelectrolyte Nanocarriers: Uptake Mechanisms, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity in Human Endothelial and Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Marzena Szwed, Anastazja Poczta-Krawczyk, Katarzyna Dominika Kania, Karol Bukowski, Katarzyna Bednarska-Szczepaniak, Agnieszka Marczak, Krzysztof Szczepanowicz","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S560473","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S560473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study explores the therapeutic potential of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-based nanocarriers (NCs) for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to breast cancer (BC) cells, with a particular focus on the mechanisms governing their intracellular transport and biological activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two types of SDS-based NCs differing in polyelectrolyte composition: poly-L-lysine (SDS/PLL) and poly-L-lysine with poly-L-glutamic acid (SDS/PLL/PGA), were prepared following the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. Cellular uptake and distribution of Rhodamine B (RhoB)-labelled NCs were assessed via fluorescence microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry across three human cell lines: dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), epithelial breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and triple-negative, mesenchymal-like BC cell line (MDA-MB-231). The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PTX-loaded NCs were evaluated using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric assays. In parallel, DNA damage-responsive gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both NC formulations demonstrated comparable uptake efficiency, despite differences in fluorescence intensity. Inhibitor-based studies revealed distinct internalization pathways: SDS/PLL NCs entered via dynamin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis, whereas SDS/PLL/PGA NCs relied predominantly on macropinocytosis. Genotoxicity of PTX-loaded NCs was confirmed by comet assay and H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) phosphorylation, particularly in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle perturbations and transcriptional changes in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (<i>ATM</i>), ATM and Rad3-related (<i>ATR</i>), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (<i>CDK1</i>) genes accompanied these effects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based analyses further demonstrated apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity induced by both investigated formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings delineate the cellular uptake mechanisms and in vitro biological effects of the examined polyelectrolyte NCs for PTX delivery, with a particular focus on their genotoxicity. Collectively, these in vitro data provide a mechanistic basis to inform the rational design and preclinical optimization of SDS-based NCs, supporting subsequent in vivo evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"687-710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12744602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Ni₃S₂/Ce₂O₂S 2D Hexagonal Nanoflakes for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.","authors":"Muhammad Saleem Akhtar, Tomasz Wejrzanowski, Gabriela Komorowska, Emilia Choinska, Magdalena Laskowska, Zaeem Ur Rehman, Marcin Łapiński","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S562196","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S562196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-energy-density supercapacitors require advanced electrode materials with superior pseudocapacitive behavior and stability. This study focuses on the design and development of binder-free pseudocapacitive electrodes composed of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal nickel/cerium sulfide nanoflakes, which are directly synthesized on nickel foam. The aim was to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance through novel 2D nanoarchitectures and improved charge transfer dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The nickel/cerium sulfide nanoflakes were fabricated via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Structural and morphological characteristics were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in both half-cell and asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) configurations.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The synthesized electrode demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 5286 F/g, an energy density of 222.09 Wh/kg, and a power density of 687.19 W/kg at 2.5 A/g in the half-cell system. The ASC device, utilizing nickel/cerium sulfide nanoflakes as the positive electrode and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)@Ni foam as the negative electrode, achieved an energy density of 77.51 Wh/kg and a power density of 797.25 W/kg at 1 A/g. The ASC also demonstrated excellent cyclic durability, retaining 84% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The in situ-grown 2D hexagonal nickel/cerium sulfide nanoflakes exhibit outstanding pseudocapacitive behavior and electrochemical stability, underscoring their strong potential for next-generation high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"643-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12746123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145863264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Nanotechnology and Phytochemical Mediated Production of Ketone Encapsulated Protein Nanoparticles-in vitro and in vivo Bioavailability Investigations.","authors":"Alice Raphael Karikachery, Kavita K Katti, Velaphi C Thipe, Prajna Hegde, Deepa Prakash, Anantkumar Hegde, Alton Michael Chesne, Kattesh V Katti","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S536454","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S536454","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Low carbohydrate, ketogenic foods have shown convincing evidence for their metabolic role in mitigating severe adversities due to obesity and other chronic diseases. They induce systemic ketosis: a process where ketone bodies, namely β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone are produced in vivo. Beyond serving as an alternative source of energy besides glucose, various analogs of ketones present unprecedented opportunities for therapeutic interventions in the management of numerous chronic diseases and neurological disorders. The profound benefits of ketone bodies to human health, unquestionably, demand exogenous administration of ketone molecules in doses that promote and enhance energy levels in the human body. Hence, it is of paramount importance to develop sophisticated delivery vehicles wherein ketones are made bioavailable in a sustainable fashion in vivo. Engineering nano-formulations of ketone molecules allow efficient cellular penetration of ketones, thus presenting prospects for enhanced bioavailability of energy molecules in vivo. In this article, we report nanoencapsulation of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate monoglyceride, a Ketone Molecule (KM) within biocompatible pea protein nano-framework utilizing natural phytochemical crosslinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The goal was to develop a sophisticated delivery vehicle wherein ketones are made bioavailable in a sustainable and biocompatible fashion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We present full details on the production of well-defined Ketone Molecule (KM) encapsulated nanoparticles of pea protein using naturally available crosslinking agents such as mangiferin, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) and quercetin from their respective plant extracts. The Ketone Molecule (KM) encapsulated Pea Protein Nanoparticles by phytochemical crosslinking was fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) size and zeta potential (ZP) measurements. The KM concentration was estimated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytochemical and water-soluble pea protein interaction was comprehensively studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Green nanotechnology offers the most effective means to encapsulate and transform small molecules into pea protein nanoparticles with optimum size for effective cell-specific delivery, thus offering an attractive delivery vehicle to enhance bioavailability. The Ketone Molecule (KM) encapsulated Pea Protein Nanoparticles, by phytochemical crosslinking importantly, demonstrated the most favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics with sustained (R)-3- hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels and higher area under the curve (AUC) relative to free KM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Novel pathways toward the design and development of protein nanoparticle-encapsulated ketone molecules were explored utilizing plant-based proteins from a biocompatibility, bi","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"661-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12744579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Powered Nanosensor Platforms for Non-Invasive Breathomic Diagnostics.","authors":"Vishal Chaudhary, Pradeep Bhadola","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S546714","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S546714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global healthcare settings are increasingly burdened by critical diseases, where conventional diagnostics are often expensive, invasive, time-consuming and centralised. It creates a critical gap for rapid, accessible, portable and non-invasive health assessment. AI-powered Nanosensors for Breathomics Diagnostics (AND) platforms have emerged as a transformative solution to this complex global problem, integrating highly sensitive nanomaterials with advanced machine intelligence to detect disease biomarkers in exhaled breath. These platforms have already demonstrated high performance, with reports of 90-95% diagnostic accuracy for conditions such as lung cancer and achieving sub-ppb detection limits. These platforms are not limited to controlled laboratory settings but have been employed to monitor a spectrum of diseases, including cancer, asthma, diabetes, coronavirus disease, and renal failure. Their integration into wearable systems, smartphones, smart masks and multimodal laboratory systems further extends their applications in predictive analytics, personalised medicine and real-time human-machine interaction. However, challenges related to data standardisation, sensor selectivity, ethical AI, and clinical validation have limited their commercialization. It necessitates solutions such as Explainable AI, physics-informed modelling, network theory, and the development of large-scale clinical breath databases to enhance clinical reliability, model robustness, diagnose sensor drift, and attain transparency. This article critically details the recent progress and charts a new path forward for translating AND platforms from research to clinical reality as next-generation healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"18 ","pages":"611-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12731251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}