Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Sacha Inchi Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Curcumin Delivery: Development and Physicochemical Characterization.","authors":"Ikra Nurohman, Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa, Gofarana Wilar, Garnadi Jafar, Cecep Suhandi, Sriwidodo Sriwidodo","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S589429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S589429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Curcumin exhibits potent antioxidant activity beneficial for the prevention of various degenerative diseases; however, its highly lipophilic nature and susceptibility to degradation limit its solubility and physicochemical stability. To address these limitations, curcumin was formulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), a lipid-based colloidal delivery system composed of solid and liquid lipids stabilized by surfactants. In this study, sacha inchi oil, a natural oil rich in omega-3 and other unsaturated fatty acids, was investigated as a novel liquid lipid component to improve lipid matrix structure and drug accommodation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Curcumin-loaded NLCs were prepared using the hot homogenization method followed by probe sonication. Curcumin served as the active compound, while solid lipids (oleum cacao, glyceryl behenate (Compritol^® 888 ATO), or glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol^® ATO 5)), sacha inchi oil as the liquid lipid, and surfactants (Tween 80, Poloxamer, or a Tween 80-Span 80 combination) were used. The resulting NLCs were characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), physicochemical properties (FTIR, DSC, XRD), morphology, and in vitro release behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicochemical analyses confirmed successful incorporation of curcumin into the lipid matrix without undesirable interactions. Among the tested formulations, CaTS2 (oleum cacao 4.5%, sacha inchi oil 1%, Tween 80 12.5%, Span 80 1%, and curcumin 0.1%) demonstrated the most favorable characteristics, with a particle size of 95.50 ± 0.87 nm, PDI of 0.119 ± 0.157, and ZP of -22.30 ± 0.98 mV. Entrapment efficiency reached 97.24% and morphological analysis showed predominantly spherical particles. In vitro release exhibited a biphasic pattern, consisting of an initial burst followed by sustained release up to 480 min. Kinetic modeling revealed that CaTS2 followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (<i>R²</i> = 0.793; n = 0.301), consistent with Fickian diffusion, whereas pure curcumin followed the Higuchi model (<i>R²</i> = 0.819). The similarity factor (f₂ = 29.04) indicated a distinctly different release profile between the two systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sacha inchi oil-based nanostructured lipid carriers were successfully developed and demonstrated favorable physicochemical characteristics, supporting their potential as a stable delivery system for curcumin.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"589429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cost-Effective Approach to Triphenylamine-Assisted Fabrication of Stable Cu₂O Nanoparticles: Structural Analysis and Multifunctional Antibacterial, Optical, and Electronic Performance.","authors":"Omid Azizian-Shermeh, Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam, Ebrahim Mollashahi, Sahar Shabzendedar","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S571946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S571946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research interest in nanomaterials has surged because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics that differentiate them from their bulk counterparts, such as electrical resistivity, strength and hardness, chemical reactivity, optical and electronic properties and a wide range of adaptable biological activity. The primary objective of this study was to develop a facile and cost-effective method for the triphenylamine-assisted synthesis of stable copper (I) oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles (NPs) and to comprehensively evaluate their potential optical, electronic, and antibacterial applications. This present study is the first report of a facile and effective method to triphenylamine-assisted synthesis of stable copper (I) oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles (NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After triphenylamine-assisted synthesis of Cu₂O NPs, the synthesized NPs were comprehensively characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antimicrobial activity of the Cu₂O NPs was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four clinically significant bacterial strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline cubic structure of Cu₂O NPs, while TEM and SEM revealed spherical morphology with an average particle size of 10-60 nm with the highest frequency of 30 nm in diameter. Optical, electronic and antimicrobial properties of Cu₂O NPs were also studied. UV-Vis spectra exhibited a distinct absorption peak at 275 nm and 280 nm in formic acid and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvents, respectively. Electronic properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses and electron transitions (direct and indirect) in UV-Vis. Results of antibacterial activities indicated dose-dependent inhibition. The synthesized NPs showed significant efficacy, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of stable Cu₂O NPs as durable antimicrobial agents for biomedical and its electrical and optical characteristics making it appropriate for various uses in photovoltaics, sensors, and photocatalysis and industrial applications, offering enhanced longevity and effectiveness compared to conventional counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"571946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labeling of Amine-Modified Material Surfaces with PFB-Fluorescein.","authors":"Kaja Jaskot, Angelika Maria Mielcarek, Łukasz Popenda, Ahmet Kertmen, Olena Ivashchenko, Bartosz F Grześkowiak, Agnieszka Fedoruk-Wyszomirska, Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, Agata Tyczewska, Jan Barciszewski, Patrick M Perrigue","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S576032","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S576032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluorescent labeling is a widely used method for visualizing and tracking materials. 5-(Pentafluorobenzoylamino) fluorescein (PFB-F) is a dye in which the pentafluorobenzoylamino group substituent functions as a reactive linker. While PFB-F has been used for labeling biomolecules, its application in labeling surfaces has not been explored yet. Here, we report straightforward method for attaching PFB-F to amine-modified material surfaces requiring only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent and room temperature (RT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis on a mock reaction involving PFB-F and <i>N</i>-butylamine to evaluate the process of attachment via the PFB linker. PFB-F was also reacted with poly-L-lysine to evaluate conjugation to polymers bearing primary amine groups. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) labeled with PFB-F were administered to nematode worms, followed by confocal fluorescence microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NMR and TLC analysis confirmed covalent bonding between PFB-F and primary amines via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) involving displacement of at least one fluorine atom. PFB-F was successfully conjugated to poly-L-lysine, demonstrating efficient reaction with polymers containing primary amine groups. SiNPs labeled with PFB-F were ingested by nematode worms and successfully tracked in vivo.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results demonstrate that PFB-F is a versatile and effective reagent for stable surface labeling. This study paves the way for broader applications of PFB-F in material design.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"576032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Dimensional MXenes as Next-Generation Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Hydrogen Production.","authors":"Anupam Singha Roy, Neelesh Babu, Aabid Hussain","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S580785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S580785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of graphene, which has led to further research on other two-dimensional (2D) materials, has greatly enhanced the development of sustainable novel materials in the age of nanotechnology. The majority of elements in the periodic table are currently converted into 2D forms by researchers. Materials such as graphene and its derivatives, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition-metal carbides (MXenes) have been extensively used because of their exceptional electronic and optical properties. While addressing synthesis challenges and stability issues, functionalization is one of the strategies used to overcome the difficulties related to the stability and large dimensions of 2D materials. This review provides detailed studies on MXene synthesis methods and their characteristic properties, emphasizing the importance of modifying MXenes for biosensing applications such as the detection of pathogenic viruses and bacteria, mycotoxins, hazardous pollutants, food contaminants, biomolecules, and cancer biomarkers. A review of the function of MXenes in hydrogen production highlights how well they improve charge transfer and lower reaction overpotentials. The future prospects of MXene-based biosensors as advanced diagnostic tools and hydrogen catalysts are also discussed, in addition to surface functionalization engineering and hybridization techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"580785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12991872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticles as a Promising Approach for Improving Skin Anti-Aging Activity.","authors":"Yolanda Putri Aloenida, Mayang Kusuma Dewi, Muhaimin Muhaimin, Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S571010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S571010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of skin is a multifaceted process influenced by internal factors and external influences. These factors contribute to the breakdown of skin structure, diminished skin resilience, and observable indications of aging. Conventional topical formulations often fail to deliver active chemicals adequately due to the skin's inherent barriers and the solubility and instability of numerous substances. Emerging nanotechnology-based technologies offer a viable solution to these restrictions. This paper analyzes the role of diverse organic and inorganic nanoparticle-based formulations as delivery systems in improving the distribution and efficacy of anti-aging agents. As part of its novelty, this article integrates findings on both synthetic and natural anti-aging compounds, providing a comprehensive comparison of their nano-enabled enhancements findings from in vitro and in vivo models, along with clinical studies. Comparative studies consistently demonstrate that nano-formulations surpass conventional approaches in enhancing antioxidant defense, stimulating collagen synthesis, and suppressing enzymes associated with skin aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"571010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12989699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a Flexible ZnO/MWCNTs Thin Film Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Detection by Impedance Spectroscopy.","authors":"Gohar Shahnazaryan, Artak Sayunts, Gevorg Shahkhatuni, Rima Papovyan, Zarine Simonyan, Gabriel Gevorgyan, Andranik Grigoryan, Dušan Kopecký, Mikayel Aleksanyan","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S577983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S577983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The growing demand for sensors capable of detecting hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) in industrial and medical applications has led to increased research activity in this field. Despite significant progress, there remains a strong need for the development of new HPV-sensitive materials as well as for improving the performance of existing sensor systems. This work presents a flexible hydrogen peroxide vapor sensor employing a ZnO/MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) thin film as the sensing layer and provides a detailed impedance-based analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The frequency dependence of the real and imaginary components of the complex impedance was measured in air and under exposure to HPV at operating temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200 °C. The influence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the impedance response of the ZnO/MWCNTs sensor was also examined. The structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of the ZnO/MWCNTs composite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the impedance spectra enabled the proposal of an equivalent electrical circuit describing the sensor structure. The parameters of the circuit elements were determined, and the calculated impedance curves showed good agreement with the experimental data. A linear increase in sensor sensitivity was observed with increasing temperature up to 175 °C. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation resulted in an approximately twofold enhancement of sensor sensitivity at room temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was demonstrated that the flexible polyimide substrate with platinum interdigitated electrodes makes a significant contribution to the overall impedance of the ZnO/MWCNTs sensor structure. In the equivalent circuit, this contribution is represented by a parallel parasitic capacitance (C₀ ≈ 1.67 × 10^-11 F). Exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor mainly affects the resistance of the ZnO/MWCNTs sensing film. The validity of the proposed equivalent electrical circuit is confirmed by the close correspondence between the calculated Nyquist plots and the experimental impedance data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"577983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Gels for Wound Healing: A Narrative Review of Formulation Strategies, Mechanisms, and Translational Potential.","authors":"Ayatulloh Alquraisy, Khoirunnisa Ramadhani, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Gofarana Wilar, Wadah Osman, Khaled M Elamin, Nasrul Wathoni","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S585159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S585159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a complex process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling of tissues or cells. In chronic conditions, such as diabetic wounds, this process is often disrupted. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are advantageous topical drug delivery systems because of their ability to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled drug release. The incorporation of NLCs into a gel matrix (NLC-gel) enhances the formulation with bioadhesive properties, skin hydration, and drug retention in the wound area. This accelerates healing and reduces the risk of infections. While these findings highlight the potential of NLC-gel systems to improve local drug bioavailability and promote tissue regeneration, most available evidence is derived from in vitro and animal studies, and clinical data remain limited. This review critically summarizes recent advances in NLC-gel formulations for wound healing, with particular emphasis on the relationship between formulation strategies and biological mechanisms, including modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, collagen deposition, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, translational considerations such as long-term safety, formulation scalability, and clinical prospects are discussed. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that NLC gels containing active ingredients, such as simvastatin, curcumin, quercetin, moxifloxacin, or other therapeutic proteins, can accelerate wound healing, particularly in wounds caused by metabolic disorders. These results suggest that NLC gels have great potential as therapeutic platforms for wound care. However, further research is required to optimize its formulation and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"585159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12927746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach for Wound Care.","authors":"Dania O Govea-Alonso, Mariana I Garay-Barragán, Evelyn Cazares-Rodríguez, Edgar Giovanny Villabona-Leal","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S550024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S550024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process regulated by molecular and cellular mechanisms. Conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome reduce this process, often leading to chronic wounds. These types of wounds remain a global health challenge due to prolonged healing, high infection risk, and poor response to conventional therapies. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained attention in biomedical research because of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. While conventional synthesis methods often involve toxic reagents and high energy consumption, green synthesis using biological sources such as plants, fungi, and algae, offers safer and more sustainable alternatives. Furthermore, incorporating zinc oxide into biocompatible matrices enhances its therapeutic potential by promoting direct interaction with wound tissues. This review highlights recent advances in the green and biocompatible synthesis of ZnO NPs and explores their types and physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of green nanotechnology as a cost-effective and sustainable approach for developing next-generation wound healing materials reported the last five years in free-download through the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"550024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Conventional Heating: Unlocking the Synergy Between Microwave Irradiation and pH Control for High-Efficiency Fabrication of Phyto-Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.","authors":"Amal Alqahtani, Nesrine M R Mahmoud, Suriya Rehman, Somia B Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S576435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S576435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sustainable nanotechnology requires synthesis approaches that are environmentally benign while maintaining high efficiency, yield, and functionality. Plant-mediated synthesis combined with advanced heating techniques offers a promising route to achieve these goals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phyto-copper oxide nanoparticles (Phy-CuO-NPs) were synthesized using <i>Psidium guajava</i> leaf extract under different pH conditions via two approaches: conventional heating (Series A) and microwave-assisted synthesis (Series B). The influence of pH and heating mode on nanoparticle formation was systematically evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using physicochemical and morphological techniques, and their antibacterial activity was assessed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microwave-assisted synthesis significantly altered pH-dependent nucleation pathways, resulting in nanoparticles with enhanced crystallinity, more uniform morphology, higher copper content, and improved colloidal stability, particularly under alkaline conditions. Series B nanoparticles showed a 34% increase in maximum yield (up to 80 mg/g) while achieving a 92% reduction in energy consumption compared to the conventional method. Antibacterial assays revealed strong inhibitory activity against both tested strains, with greater efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The improved antibacterial performance is attributed to the bio-capped nature of the nanoparticles, which facilitates cellular entry and promotes intracellular copper ion release, leading predominantly to reactive oxygen species generation rather than direct ionic toxicity. This study highlights the synergistic role of microwave irradiation and pH control in enhancing both sustainability and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"576435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12912175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Biocompatible Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Zinc-Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoflowers as Nontoxic Platform for Local Drug Delivery.","authors":"Olga Swiech, Anna Boguszewska-Czubara, Piotr Golec, Aleksandra Głowacka, Marta Prześniak-Welenc, Kamila Sadowska","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S574498","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S574498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteomyelitis (OM) is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow and remains one of the most challenging infectious diseases to treat. This clinical difficulty highlights the need for alternative therapeutic strategies, including targeted local delivery of antibacterial agents. In this study, we report for the first time the use of zinc-bovine serum albumin (ZnBSA) hybrid nanoflowers as potential antibiotic carriers for osteomyelitis treatment. Hybrid nanoflowers are hierarchically structured nanomaterials composed of inorganic components (typically metal phosphates) and organic molecules (such as proteins or enzymes) that self-assemble into flower-like morphologies, exhibiting high surface area and synergistic physicochemical properties arising from organic-inorganic integration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ZnBSA hybrid nanostructures were synthesized through a rapid and optimized procedure and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Ciprofloxacin was loaded into the ZnBSA nanostructures, and drug release behavior was studied by ultraviolet-visable spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was assessed using optical density measurements and disc diffusion assays. The biocompatibility of ZnBSA loaded with ciprofloxacin was evaluated through in vitro toxicity assays on human red blood cells and dermal fibroblasts, as well as in vivo testing using <i>Danio rerio</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ZnBSA nanostructures demonstrated rapid formation and improved biocompatibility compared to conventional copper-based nanoflowers. Toxicity studies confirmed a favorable safety profile both in vitro and in vivo. Ciprofloxacin-loaded ZnBSA carriers exhibited sustained drug release and effective antibacterial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that ZnBSA hybrid nanostructures represent a safe and effective localized drug delivery system for osteomyelitis treatment. Their biocompatibility, rapid synthesis, sustained antibiotic release, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity highlight their potential as a promising alternative to existing nanocarrier systems for managing bone infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"19 ","pages":"574498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}