Molecular Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Shaping the Plant Specialized Metabolites Through Modern Breeding Technique.","authors":"Sayanti Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01455-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) have significantly diversified throughout evolutionary history and are regarded as crucial contributors to intricate interactions between plants and the changing environment. The chemical nature of these metabolites has been extensively investigated and used in agriculture, crop improvement, food industry, and pharmaceutical research, among other fields. These PSMs, often synthesized in response to abiotic stressors, function as protective agents against abiotic stresses under climate change. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the stress response in plants that leads to the synthesis of PSMs, including glucosinolates, carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which improve antioxidant efficiency by alleviating oxidative stress, a significant secondary stressor associated with major abiotic challenges such as salinity, drought, cold, and high temperatures. Since natural plants do not produce these metabolites in large quantities, many biotechnology-based strategies were investigated to increase their production. Additionally, we explore the genome editing advancements in engineering secondary metabolite pathways that have created novel possibilities for sustainable metabolite production. Moreover, plant biologist can enhance PSMs biosynthesis and identify novel metabolites by leveraging stress responses using CRISPR technology. These technological advances offer potential solutions for addressing global challenges in agriculture, medicine, and environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Corynebacterium glutamicum for Sustainable Biomanufacturing: From Traditional to Cutting-Edge Technologies.","authors":"Eldin Kurpejović, Berna Sariyar Akbulut, Fatma Gizem Avci","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01447-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01447-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the workhorse of industrial amino acid production, Corynebacterium glutamicum is the focus of this review, which provides a comprehensive overview of available techniques employed to engineer strains with desired traits. The review highlights both traditional and cutting-edge approaches with a brief introduction to the bacterium's physiology, serving as a foundation for understanding its metabolic capabilities and potential applications. Genome modulation techniques by contrasting traditional methods with CRISPR-based approaches, as well as transcription modulation strategies that enhance gene expression and metabolic flux, and high-throughput techniques that streamline strain development processes are summarized. Furthermore, the roles of artificial intelligence and machine learning in genetic engineering are explored, emphasizing their growing impact on strain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Using Delonix elata Extract: Characterization, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Photocatalytic Activities.","authors":"Ragavendran Chinnasamy, Arumugam Priyadharsan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Salim Manoharadas, Venkatesan Manigandan, Mukhtar Ahmed, Naushad Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01449-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01449-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of present study mainly focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) utilizing an aqueous extract of Delonix elata, which is an ecologically friendly and sustainable approach. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDAX, TEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A prominent absorption peak at 404 nm in the UV-visible spectrum proved successful nanoparticle synthesis, while FTIR confirmed various functional groups, including methyl, carboxylic acids, and phenolic compounds, involved in the reduction and capping of Ag-NPs. The XRD spectrum shows distinct peaks at 2θ values of 38.02º, 46.15º, 64.41º, and 77.31º, which correspond to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) crystalline planes, respectively. The outcomes validate the existence of Ag-NPs by confirming the face-centered cubic (FCC) shape. SEM and TEM showed spherically arranged particles ranging from 7 to 25 nm. EDAX spectra indicated significant silver content (65.5%) with protein capping. The D. elata produced Ag-NPs had an average zeta potential of - 19.8 mV and a standard variation of 0.8 mV, indicating considerable electrostatic stability. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) assessment confirmed the production of metallic silver and revealed the surface state makeup of Ag-NPs. Ag-NPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones against E. coli (15.2 mm), P. aeruginosa (17.5 mm), S. mutans (19.2 mm), and S. aureus (12.5 mm). Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with inhibition rates of 72.55% (ABTS) and 78.23% (DPPH) at 100 μg/mL. Anti-inflammatory tests showed 87% membrane stability in human red blood cells at 100 μg/mL. Additionally, cytotoxicity test against MCF-7 cancer cells revealed an IC₅₀ of 23.43 μg/mL. Treated cells showed significant morphological changes, but no changes were noticed in the control cells. Furthermore, Ag-NPs showed promising photocatalytic activity, achieving 85.3% degradation of methylene blue, highlighting their potential for biomedical and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Functional and Spatial Heterogeneity of Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in the Heart.","authors":"Lizhi Cao, Rui Chang, Xiaoying Wang, Junwei Shen, Zhifang Yang, Linlin Ma, Yanfei Li","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01443-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01443-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiomyocytes, pivotal for heart contractility, are categorized into atrial (aCM) and ventricular (vCM) subtypes, each playing distinct roles in modulating blood flow, electrical signal conduction, pump function, and energy metabolism. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics have enhanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and intercellular communication within cardiac tissues. This study integrates scRNA-seq with spatial mapping to elucidate the spatial distribution and intercellular communication of aCM and vCM, focusing on their roles in energy metabolism, pump function, and regulatory functions. We performed scRNA-seq on isolated cardiac cells, followed by data normalization, PCA, and t-SNE clustering, identifying distinct cardiomyocyte subclusters. Ligand-receptor interaction analyses were conducted to explore cellular communication networks, and annotated single-cell data were projected onto heart tissue sections using spatial transcriptomics. Our results revealed distinct spatial distributions: vCM subclusters (vCM-1, vCM-2, vCM-3) predominantly occupied ventricular regions, while aCM subclusters (aCM-1, aCM-2) were primarily located in atrial regions with an increased presence of fibroblasts near atria. Igf2-Igf2r and Vegfb-Vegfr1 mediated communications were prominent in both regions, with extensive interactions between aCM-2 and vCM subclusters. This integration of scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics provides a comprehensive overview of cardiac tissue organization and intercellular communication, elucidating critical roles of vCM in energy metabolism and pump function, and aCM in regulating blood flow and electrical conduction. Understanding these interactions in anatomical context enhances our grasp of cardiac function complexity and identifies new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal Structure of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Methemoglobin: A High Oxygen Affinity Lowland Species.","authors":"Balasubramanian Moovarkumudalvan, Sathya Moorthy Ponnuraj, Ramya Ramadoss, Thenmozhi Muthurajan, M N Ponnuswamy","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01456-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01456-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemoglobin (Hb) is an important oxygen carrying protein inherent in erythrocytes facilitates exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from body tissues. Bioengineered synthetic erythrocytes with enhanced Hb proteins have been developed as efficient blood transfusion substitutes to supply oxygen to patients in extreme situations. This has driven research towards the molecular characterization and structural elucidation of Hb in organisms thriving in extreme conditions. Camel is recognized as a typical organism to investigate molecular level adaptations to surpass extreme ecological conditions in the arid zone. The molecular architecture of Hb is linked to the oxygen requirements of an organism to sustain at extreme living conditions. Molecular structure of camel Hb can be determined by X-ray crystallography. In this study, camel Hb is purified and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with cell dimensions of a = 52.75 Å, b = 116.78 Å, c = 52.80 Å and β = 120.07 Å. The crystal packing parameters reveal that a whole biological molecule is present in the asymmetric unit with the final R-factor and R_free value 23.1 and 29.5%, respectively. The Quaternary structural analysis of the camel Hb [PDB ID: 3GDJ] suggests its state to be identical to human R-state Hb.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Gene Delivery to MCF-7 Cells via Polyspermine-PEG-Glucose/DNA Nanoparticles: Preparation and Characterization.","authors":"Sahar Mohajeri, Aytak Fathi Erdi, Hashem Yaghoubi","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01454-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01454-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cationic polymers are positively charged polymers that have a high ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged species, including nucleic acids. This property has led to the use of these polymers in various fields, including targeted drug delivery. In this study, biocompatible polyspermine-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-glucose (PSPG) nanoparticles were synthesized for DNA delivery to MCF-7 cells. Structural characterization was performed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹HNMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal gravimetric (DTG) methods. The DNA-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with smooth surfaces, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a particle size of 267 ± 10 nm and a surface charge of + 13.4 ± 1.3 mV. DNA release from PSPG was pH dependent, increasing at acidic pH (5.0, cancer cells) compared with physiological pH (7.4). The biocompatibility assessed via MTT demonstrated high gene transfer efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the protection of the DNA against enzymatic degradation. Gene delivery to MCF-7 cells was validated via fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, confirming successful transfection. These findings highlight the potential of polyspermine-PEG-glucose nanoparticles as efficient DNA carriers for targeted cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of ZIF-67 Nanoparticles for Camel Whey Protein Delivery: Promising Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer Effects, and Anti-biofilm Activity.","authors":"D Hamad, Emad H M Hassanein, Shimaa H Salem, Fatma M Tawfiq, Ahmed M Sayed","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01457-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01457-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camel whey protein (CWP) offers various health benefits, including immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. It also possesses antioxidant activity. However, its limited efficacy and stability restrict its broader application. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials composed of multiple organic groups and metal ions, known for their unique structural properties. In this study, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of a CWP-Co-MOF conjugate. The structural characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The comparison of the XRD and FTIR patterns of ZIF-67, CWP and CWP-Co-MOF conjugate indicate successful conjugation of CWP with ZIF-67, confirming the structural integrity of the conjugate. The EDX maps further corroborate the effective conjugation of CWP with ZIF-67. The conjugated CWP-MOF nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited promising antioxidant activity, as assessed by the DPPH assay. Furthermore, they showed more potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells and superior anticancer activity against HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines, as determined by the MTT assay and flow cytometry, compared to free CWP. Additionally, the CWP-MOF-NPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial properties and increased efficacy as an anti-biofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning and Expression Studies of Osmotin-Like Protein Gene from Solanum nigrum in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Muhammad Zafar Saleem, Fatima Arshad, Nauman Ahmad, Muhammad Iftikhar, Ammara Saleem, Ghulam Zahra Jahangir, Asma Zulfiqar, Muhammad Zeeshan Arshed, Anis Ali Shah, Shifa Shaffique, Mansour K Gatasheh","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01448-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01448-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants face various biotic and abiotic stresses, necessitating the activation of defense mechanisms, including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Osmotin-like proteins (OLPs), belonging to the PR-5 family, play a crucial role in plant defense by enhancing resistance to pathogens and environmental stresses. However, the functional characterization of OLPs remains limited. This study aimed to clone and express the OLP gene from the medicinal plant Solanum nigrum in Escherichia coli to facilitate further functional and structural analyses. The genomic DNA of S. nigrum was isolated from in vitro-cultured plants, and the OLP gene was amplified using primers designed via Primer3 software based on NCBI sequences. Gradient PCR optimization determined the optimal annealing temperature between 58.3 °C and 60 °C. The amplified gene was cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector and transformed into E. coli. Sequencing confirmed a 98% homology with reported OLP sequences. For expression analysis, the gene was subcloned into the expression vector pET15b and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Induction with 1 mM IPTG at 37 °C for 3 h resulted in the production of a 26 kDa protein, confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Protein Dot Blot analysis using anti-histidine antibodies. The successful cloning and expression of OLP provide a foundation for investigating its role in plant-pathogen interactions and its potential applications in agriculture and medicine. This study contributes to understanding PR proteins and offers insights into their potential for enhancing stress tolerance in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Development of a Biosimilar Variant of Glucarpidase (Carboxypeptidase G2): Secretory Production, Optimization, and Immobilization.","authors":"Fatemeh Moradbeygi, Mohammad Bagher Ghoshoon, Issa Sadeghian, Anahita Moradi, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Shiva Hemmati","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01450-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01450-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) detoxifies high-dose methotrexate in cancer or autoimmune therapies. Additionally, CPG2 activates prodrugs at the tumor site in engineered CAR-T cell therapy. Since CPG2 cleaves glutamate from the substrate, it also has potential applications in enhancing food flavors and developing biosensors. However, cytoplasmic expression of recombinant CPG2 often leads to inclusion body formation, necessitating secretory production to improve product quality and streamline downstream industrial processes. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive in silico analysis to identify an optimal signal peptide for CPG2 secretion. The pelB leader sequence was selected for excretory production using the pET22b vector in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was successfully secreted into both the periplasmic space of bacterial cells and the culture medium with activities of about 0.038 UmL^‒1 and 0.0285 UmL^‒1, respectively. Optimal expression conditions were achieved at 25 °C with 0.5-mM IPTG, leading to enhanced yields. In the second step, we aimed to optimize the culture media composition. Therefore, a statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach in Modde software was conducted, evaluating eleven variables via a fractional factorial design (FFD). A central composite face (CCF) design was applied to establish an empirical model for maximizing periplasmic CPG2 production. The final aim was to immobilize the whole E. coli cells in calcium alginate beads for higher metabolic activity, improved growth rates, and plasmid stability. Engineered bacterial cells were entrapped in a mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution and incubated at 4 °C, 400 rpm for 60 min. Immobilization of CPG2-producing E. coli cells in 2% (w/v) calcium alginate beads yielded spherical beads, maintaining enzyme stability for 10 days, with peak activity on day 5. Conclusively, improved CPG2 solubility, facilitated protein purification, and enzyme stability over multiple reaction cycles offer a cost-effective solution for industrial purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Endophytic Clonostachys rosea ZMS27 from Medicinal Plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its Antagonistic Activity Against Superficial Pathogenic Fungi.","authors":"Weitao Kong, Jiaqi Li, Zhijiang Chen, Yuxin Zhang, Siyun Xie, Tianyu Lv, Xixian Li, Jiaxuan Chen, Xiaoding Xia, Jinyu Li, Xingda Zeng, Zujun Deng","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01452-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01452-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superficial fungal infections (SFIs) represent a serious threat to global public health. It is known that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are characterized by potent antimicrobial properties. However, the therapeutic potential of biosynthetic AgNPs on superficial fungi have rarely been reported. The objectives of this study were to isolate endophytic fungi from medicinal plants for the biosynthesis of AgNPs and to assess the inhibitory effects of these AgNPs on superficial fungi as well as their biosafety toward skin cells. The endophytic fungal strain ZMS27, capable of biosynthesizing AgNPs, was isolated from medicinal plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides and identified as Clonostachys rosea. The UV‒visible spectroscopic measurements revealed a strong absorption peak at 340 nm, indicating the successful synthesis of the ZMS27-AgNPs. The AgNPs were well-dispersed, globular particles with an average diameter of 7.33 ± 0.18 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The FTIR analysis revealed that various functional molecules from C. rosea ZMS27 are involved in the synthesis of AgNPs. ZMS27-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of five superficial pathogenic fungi at minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.56 to 25 µg·mL^-1. Interestingly, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay revealed that ZMS27-AgNPs exhibited no significant cytotoxic effects on skin cells within the concentration range of 1.56-25 μg·mL⁻¹. These results suggested that novel AgNPs biosynthesized using fungal endophytes of medicinal plants are promising broad-spectrum antifungal agents for the control of SFIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}