Molecular Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Exosomal LncRNA MALAT1 Derived from Hepatocytes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Regulates the miR-579-3p/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway to Exacerbate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.","authors":"Lulu Gan, Anni Dai, Yan He, Shijie Liu, Qing Ni, Yang Hu, Qian Liu, Li Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01499-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01499-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep breathing disorder, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may affect OSAS. This study aimed to explore the influence of exosomes (Exos) derived from liver cells in NAFLD on the progression of OSAS and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to establish an OSAS animal model, and SH-SY5Y cells treated with CIH were used as the in vitro cellular model. THLE-2 cells treated with oleic acid (OA) were used to simulate NAFLD, and Exos were isolated from these cells. The morphological characteristics of Exos were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their particle size distribution and concentration were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Furthermore, potential binding sites between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-579-3p, as well as between miR-579-3p and Keap1 mRNA, were predicted using the starBase database. HE staining was used to assess histopathological damage in mouse hippocampal tissues, and TUNEL staining was performed to assess neuronal apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exos derived from OA-treated THLE-2 cells significantly upregulated the expression of oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) while downregulating the activity of antioxidant factors, including SOD and GSH. These alterations exacerbated neuronal damage in both the hippocampal tissues of OSAS mice and CIH-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, the lncRNA MALAT1 was markedly upregulated in Exos, which promoted Keap1 expression and suppressed Nrf2 expression through MALAT1 delivery, thereby activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, MALAT1 was observed to bind and downregulate miR-579-3p expression, consequently relieving its inhibitory effect on Keap1 and ultimately aggravating neuronal injury in OSAS mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 derived from NAFLD hepatocytes exacerbates OSAS-associated neuronal injury by suppressing miR-579-3p expression and subsequently activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This discovery not only reveals the molecular link between NAFLD and OSAS-induced neurological damage but also provides critical insights into the pathogenesis of OSAS and potential therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Computational Insights of Novel Mutations in Aminoglycoside-Modifying Genes of P. aeruginosa.","authors":"Huma Jalil, Khadija Shams, Asad Ullah, Ibrar Khan, Sajjad Ahmad, Ayesha Saleem, Kalsoom Khan, Muhammad Salim, Syed Ainul Abideen, Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir, Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01508-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-025-01508-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of aminoglycoside-modifying genes by P. aeruginosa is one of the key mechanisms by which resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is developed. The aim of the present work was to examine the prevalence of aac(6)-Ib, aac(6)-IIa, and aac(3)-IIa aminoglycoside-modifying genes in clinical samples. A total of 500 clinical samples were collected from Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), and showed a prevalence of 43.8% for P. aeruginosa. The biochemical identification of isolates was performed by Analytical Profile Index kit (API 20E) and on molecular level by PCR for the OprL gene. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the identified isolates was determined by the following guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2021. The results revealed that 121 out of 219 P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides. The frequencies of aac(6)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa and aac(6)-IIa were 95, 71.9, and 60.33%, respectively. Among the aminoglycoside-resistant isolates, 41.32% showed the presence of all the three genes. After sequencing of the PCR products, mutations were detected in aac(6)-Ib (Q110H), aac(3)-IIa (W5F, M51T, M58K, G63S) and aac(6)-IIa (T75P, G89S). The mutated sequence was translated into a protein sequence, followed by the prediction of its structure. After structure prediction, the binding ability of the wild and mutated proteins was analyzed through molecular docking. The docking analysis calculated different binding energy scores of -7.6, -7.1, -8.3, -7.1, and -7.1 kcal/mol for the aac(6)-Ib wild protein and antibiotics, including Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, and Streptomycin, respectively. In the case of mutated proteins and antibiotics, binding energies of -6.8, -6.1, -7.3, -6, and -5.6 kcal/mol were calculated. The dynamic stability of the docked complex was examined using molecular dynamics simulations, and the results indicate that the docked complexes maintain their stability throughout the simulation time frame.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Phytosterol Derivatives in Inhibiting LuxS-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.","authors":"Shubhi Singh, Sahithya Selvakumar, Priya Swaminathan","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01509-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01509-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium of the Vibrionaceae family, is a notable opportunistic pathogen that affects aquatic organisms, such as shrimp and fish. The LuxS enzyme, a Zn²-dependent metalloenzyme, governs the synthesis of autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a conserved quorum-sensing molecule that modulates gene expression related to virulence in Vibrio species and Escherichia coli. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of marine algae-derived bioactive compounds against the LuxS/AI-2 quorum-sensing system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Structural and functional characterization of the LuxS protein was performed using various bioinformatics tools. Virtual screening and molecular docking of 20 selected compounds identified Brassicasterol as having the strongest binding affinity (- 8.1 kcal/mol), while Stigmasterol, with a slightly lower docking score (- 8.0 kcal/mol), showed greater stability in a 300 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Subsequent analyses, including Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), confirmed the sustained interaction of Stigmasterol with the LuxS protein. These findings highlight Stigmasterol as a promising inhibitor of LuxS-mediated quorum sensing and support its potential as a candidate for anti-virulence therapeutic intervention in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL14 Hinders DCM Progression via Mediating the m6A Methylation of NRG4 in HG-Induced H9C2 Cells.","authors":"Ting Li, Mingcheng Fang, Zhiyong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01507-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-025-01507-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common form of cardiomyopathy that affects the cardiac muscle. It can lead to heart failure and threaten the life of human. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is a novel adipose factor released from brown adipose tissues and is considered to play an important role in metabolism, and affects the diabetic cardiomyopathy. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in many bioprocesses. So we aim to explore the role of methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) and NRG4 in the progression of DCM. The high-glucose (HG) could increase the expression of NRG4. In HG-induced H9C2 cells, the up-regulated NRG4 promoted the cell proliferation and GSH levels, and suppressed the cell apoptosis, inflammation factors (IL-1β and IL-6), and Fe²⁺ and ROS levels. The RMbase database, SRAMP website, and RMvar database predicted that NRG4 had m6A modification site. Western blot assay demonstrated that OE-METTL14 promoted NRG4 expression. METTL3 could bind to NRG4. Besides, METTL14 and IGF2BP1 positively regulated NRG4 by increasing its mRNA stability. In HG-induced H9C2 cells, METTL14 promoted the NRG4 levels and cell proliferation and retarded the cell apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis via facilitating expression of NRG4. Besides, the METTL14 overexpression could increase the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in HG-induced H9C2 cells. METTL14 curbs the progression of DCM via enhancing the m6A methylation of NRG4 in HG-induced H9C2 cells, which can help extend our understanding on the epigenetic regulation of ferroptosis in DCM progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Stage and One-Stage Anaerobic Co-digestion of Vinasse and Spent Brewer Yeast Cells for Biohydrogen and Methane Production.","authors":"Chatchawin Nualsri, Peer Mohamed Abdul, Tsuyoshi Imai, Alissara Reungsang, Sureewan Sittijunda","doi":"10.1007/s12033-023-01015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-023-01015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the two-stage and one-stage anaerobic co-digestion of vinasse and spent brewer yeast cells (SBY) for biohydrogen and methane production. Optimization of the vinasse-to-SBY ratio and fly ash concentration of the two-stage and one-stage production processes was investigated. In the two-stage process, the vinasse-to-SBY ratio and fly ash concentration were optimized, and the leftover effluent was used for methane production. The optimum conditions for biohydrogen production were a vinasse-to-SBY ratio of 7:3% v/w and fly ash concentration of 0.4% w/v, in which the maximum hydrogen yield was 43.7 ml-H₂/g-VSadded. In contrast, a vinasse-to-SBY ratio of 10:0% v/w and fly ash concentration of 0.2% w/v were considered optimal for methane production, and resulted in a maximum methane yield of 214.6 ml-CH₄/g-VSadded. For the one-stage process, a vinasse-to-SBY ratio of 10:0% v/w and fly ash concentration of 0.1% w/v were considered optimal, and resulted in a maximum methane yield of 243.6 ml-CH₄/g-VSadded. In the two-stage process, the energy yield from hydrogen (0.05-0.47 kJ/g-VSadded) was 0.62%-11.78%, and the major fraction was approximately 88.22%-99.38% gain from methane (3.19-7.73 kJ/g-VSadded). For the one-stage process, the total energy yield distribution ranged from 4.20 to 8.77 kJ/g-VSadded.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3485-3499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inhibitory Effects of Anti-GPC3 Antibody on Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Biological Therapy in Liver Cancer.","authors":"Qin Gan, Jia Shao, Tingli Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01291-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-024-01291-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate the effects of anti-GPC3 antibody on the Wnt/catenin pathway in liver cancer biology, thus providing a new target for the biological treatment of the disease. A total of 12 BALB/C experimental nude mice were selected as experimental objects. The mice were all male, weighed 15-20 g and aged 4-5 weeks. First, mouse liver cancer models were constructed. Then, the HepG2 liver cancer cells in logarithmic growth period were inoculated into the caudal veins of mouse models. On the 3rd day after inoculation, the tumor formations of nude mice were observed. Second, the anti-GPC3 antibody was designed and constructed, and the activity of anti-GPC3 antibody was detected. The mouse models were divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), with 6 mice in each group. In the EG, mice were injected with 3 mg/kg of anti-GPC3 antibody in the caudal veins once a day for three consecutive days, while in the CG mice were injected with the same amount of saline as the control. Mice in both groups received 3 injections in total. After the last administration, all mice were euthanized using the decapitation method following anesthesia with ethyl ether. The liver cancer cells of nude mice were extracted and cultured in DMEM medium. The effects of anti-GPC3 antibody on Wnt/β-catenin in liver cancer nude mice and the effects of anti-GPC3 antibody on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mouse liver cancer cells were observed. The bodyweight, liver weight and index of mice in the EG increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05). The serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of mice in the EG were reduced than those in the CG (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the CG, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration increased, while the malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration decreased in the liver tissues of mice in the EG (P &lt; 0.05). There was binding activity between GPC3 recombinant protein and the antibody; the affinity constant was K&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; M, compared with the commercial anti-GPC3 antibody, the affinity constant was lower. The interference effects of siRNA on anti-GPC3 antibody were detected by Western Blot. After the injection of anti-GPC3 antibody, the expression of β-catenin siRNA in liver cancer cells decreased significantly. The optical microscope images of mouse liver cancer cells in groups were compared. Through down-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin by anti-GPC3 antibody, the morphology of epithelial cells was maintained, the cells were arranged orderly, the cubic structure was kept stable, and the occurrence of EMT was reduced. However, in the CG, the structure of mouse liver cancer cells was disordered, the obvious EMT occurred (P &lt; 0.05). Through down-regulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin by anti-GPC3 antibody, the invasiveness, and metastasis of liver cancer cells could be effectively inhibited. Compared with the CG, the number of cells passing through t","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3728-3736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and Comparative Genomics of the Transforming Growth Factor-β-Related Proteins in Nile Tilapia.","authors":"Muhammad Farhan Khan, Shakeela Parveen, Mehwish Sultana, Peng Zhu, Youhou Xu, Areeba Safdar, Laiba Shafique","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01263-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-024-01263-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of cell signaling polypeptides have garnered a great deal of interest due to its capacity from nematodes to mammals to regulate cell-based activities which control the growth of embryos and sustain tissue homeostasis. The current study designed a computational analysis of the TGF-β protein family for understanding these proteins at the molecular level. This study determined the genomic structure of TGF-β gene family in Nile tilapia for the first time. We chose 33 TGF-β genes for identification and divided them into two subgroups, TGF-like and BMP-like. Moreover, the subcellular localization of the Nile tilapia TGF-β proteins have showed that majority of the members of TGF-β proteins family are present into extracellular matrix and plasma except BMP6, BMP7, and INHAC. All TGF-β proteins were thermostable excluding BMP1. Each protein exhibited basic nature, excluding of BMP1, BMP2, BMP7, BMP10, GDF2, GDF8, GDF11, AMH, INHA, INHBB, and NODAL M. All proteins gave impression of being unstable depending on the instability index, having values exceeding 40 excluding BMP1 and BMP2. Each TGF-β protein was found to be hydrophobic with lowered values of GRAVY. Moreover, every single one of the discovered TGF-β genes had a consistent evolutionary pattern. The TGF-β gene family had eight segmental duplications, and the Ka/Ks ratio demonstrated that purifying selection had an impact on the duplicated gene pairs which have experienced selection pressure. This study highlights important functionality of TGF-β and depicts the demand for further investigation to better understand the role and mechanism of transforming growth factor β in fishes and other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3517-3531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycoprofile Comparison of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Expressed in CHO and HEK Cell Lines.","authors":"Helen L Wright, Caroline Evans, Philip J Jackson, David C James, Kang Lan Tee, Tuck Seng Wong, Mark J Dickman, Jagroop Pandhal","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01288-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-024-01288-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein remains a key focus of research due to a continued need for diagnostic and therapeutic tools to monitor and respond to new variants. Glycosylation of the spike protein is critical for the protein's functions in viral attachment and host cell entry. For scalable and cost-effective production of the spike protein, expression system-driven divergence in glycosylation patterns on recombinant spike proteins needs to be fully understood. This study assessed the N-glycosylation profiles of a full-length trimeric spike protein expressed in either Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK Expi293F) or Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-S) cells. Glycopeptide analysis was performed using a tandem mass spectrometry workflow and BioPharma <math> <msup><mrow><mtext>Finder</mtext></mrow> <mtext>TM</mtext></msup> </math> incorporating HEK and CHO glycan databases for protein characterisation. The results outline important differences in the variety and types of N-glycan generated by the two cell lines across the 22 known N-glycosylation sites of the spike protein. A notable increase in terminal sialylation, as well as the presence of the potentially immunogenic N-glycolylneuraminic acid at a functionally key N-glycosylation site, was observed in the CHO-S derived spike protein. With the potential for the relatively vast and more complex CHO glycan repertoire (182 glycans relative to 39 human glycans) to produce functional implications with CHO-S expressed spike protein, this study adds valuable knowledge to aid Quality by Design approaches and enable Multi Attribute Monitoring of specific N-glycosylation sites for proteoform analyses. This can further inform antigen development with future variants in order to devise updated diagnostic tests and therapeutic vaccine designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3737-3752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Codon Optimization is Required to Express Fluorogenic Reporter Proteins in Lactococcus lactis.","authors":"América Selene Gaona-Mendoza, Julio Armando Massange-Sánchez, José Eleazar Barboza-Corona, María Jazmín Abraham-Juárez, Luz Edith Casados-Vázquez","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01285-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-024-01285-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used to produce fermented foods and heterologous proteins. Its Nisin-controlled gene expression system stands out for its versatility and safety. However, the lower GC content in its genome may lead to some limitations in protein production. In this study, we explored the importance and effect of codon optimization on fluorescent reporter protein expression in L. lactis. Three non-optimized fluorescent reporter genes (gfp, rfp, and mcherry) were compared to the codon-optimized variant (mcherry-O). Parameters such as Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), Effective Number of Codons (Enc) and Guanine-Cytosine percentage (% GC) were determined to assess their influence on gene expression and protein synthesis. The production of non-optimized fluorescent proteins does not correlate with their gene expression levels, except for the codon-optimized mCherry-O protein, which was detected in the SDS-PAGE gel and the extracted lysate (visually detected). Expression of the mcherry gene was similar to the mcherry-O gene, but protein was only detected with the optimized gene. The gfp gene showed the highest expression levels, but the quantity of protein was undetectable by SDS-PAGE. The rfp gene was revealed to be an optimized gene but not tailored for L. lactis. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive codon optimization for foreign genes in L. lactis and reveal intriguing complexities between expression levels, RNA stability and protein synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3685-3695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Marine-Derived Nanoformulation for the Management of Glioblastoma.","authors":"Chanam Melody Devi, Kangkan Deka, Amit Kumar Das, Apurba Talukdar, Piyong Sola","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01287-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-024-01287-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of central nervous system tumor as categorized by the World Health Organization. Glioblastoma (GBA), in general, exhibits a grim prognosis and short life expectancy, rarely exceeding 14 months. The dismal prognosis is primarily attributed to the development of chemoresistance to temozolomide, the primary therapeutic agent for GBA treatment. Hence, it becomes imperative to develop novel drugs with antitumor efficacy rooted in distinct mechanisms compared to temozolomide. The vast marine environment contains a wealth of naturally occurring compounds from the sea (known as marine-derived natural products), which hold promise for future research in the quest for new anticancer drugs. Ongoing advancements in anticancer pharmaceuticals have led to an upswing in the isolation and validation of numerous pioneering breakthroughs and improvements in anticancer therapeutics. Nonetheless, the availability of FDA-approved marine-derived anticancer drugs remains limited, owing to various challenges and constraints. Among these challenges, drug delivery is a prominent hurdle. This review delves into an alternative approach for delivering marine-derived drugs using nanotechnological formulations and their mechanism of action for treating GBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3440-3453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}