{"title":"System-level performance optimization and benchmarking for on-chip graphene interconnects","authors":"C. Pan, A. Naeemi","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457837","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, graphene interconnects are analyzed and benchmarked against conventional copper wires, indicating the advantage of using graphene at a short wire length or being driven by a device with a large output resistance. For the first time, a system-level optimization of graphene interconnects is performed for both single- and multi-core chips. It is found that under the same power density and die size area, an optimized multi-core processor using graphene as short interconnects can provide up to 25% and 55% improvements in throughput and energy × execution time per instruction, respectively.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125944143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal characterization of TSV based 3D stacked ICs","authors":"S. Swarup, S. Tan, Zao Liu","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the thermal impact and characterization of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) in stacked three dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) through finite-element based numerical analysis. Realistic 3D stacked ICs are built using a commercial finite-element based modeling and analysis tool, COMSOL. Thermal profiles along with thermal impact of TSVs are studied for two layer and three layer stacked IC structures under practical power inputs. Experimental results show that there is a significant temperature gradient across the stacked dies for both two layer and three layer structures. The cross-layer temperature is seen to grow rapidly from two layer structures to three layer structures with the same power and TSV densities. As a result, stacking of active layers will not be scalable as the maximum temperature can quickly reach the 105 degree Centigrade limit for CMOS technology. Elevated temperatures can make thermal-sensitive reliability issues a major challenge for 3D stacked ICs. Advanced cooling, low power design, better thermal management and new architecture techniques are hence required to keep the temperature in a safe range for stacking more layers onto the chip.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115168761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crosstalk through finite ground","authors":"Long Yang, J. Umaretiya","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457877","url":null,"abstract":"Crosstalk for the case that signals are separated by finite ground is intuitively explored using a set of very simple but effective models, based on the concept of transmission line theory. Both single-ended and differential cases are discussed with the principle of superposition.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132497446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An unconditionally stable finite-element timedomain layered domain-decomposition algorithm for simulating 3D high-speed circuits","authors":"Xiaolei Li, Jianming Jin","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457867","url":null,"abstract":"Full-wave analysis has become critical to the signal integrity of 3D high-speed circuits due to increased electromagnetic (EM) effects. The finite-element time-domain (FETD) method has become a strong candidate among different EM algorithms and domain decomposition methods have been proposed to avoid the need to solve a global matrix equation in FETD. In this work, a novel unconditionally stable FETD-based domain-decomposition algorithm, named the layered domain decomposition (LADD), is proposed for the simulation of 3D high-speed circuits.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyanarayana Telikepalli, Madhavan Swaminathan, D. Keezer
{"title":"Minimizing simultaneous switching noise at reduced power with power transmission lines for high-speed signaling","authors":"Satyanarayana Telikepalli, Madhavan Swaminathan, D. Keezer","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457836","url":null,"abstract":"Signal and power integrity are crucial for ensuring high performance in high speed digital systems. As the operating frequency of digital systems increases, the power and ground bounce created by simultaneous switching noise (SSN) has become a limiting factor for the performance of these devices. SSN is caused by parasitic inductance that exists in the power delivery network (PDN), and voltage fluctuations on the power and ground rails can lead to reduced noise margins and can limit the maximum frequency of a digital device. A new PDN design has been suggested that achieves significantly reduced SSN [1] by replacing the power plane structure with a power transmission line (PTL). In this paper, a new power delivery scheme is shown to significantly reduce switching noise at lower power. This concept has been demonstrated through theory, simulation, and measurements.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuo Yan, Chanyoun Won, P. Franzon, K. Aygun, H. Braunisch
{"title":"S-parameter based multimode signaling","authors":"Zhuo Yan, Chanyoun Won, P. Franzon, K. Aygun, H. Braunisch","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457832","url":null,"abstract":"As the demands for higher density of interconnects and denser packages are increasing, crosstalk is becoming more important in input/output (I/O) design. Multimode signaling has been investigated for crosstalk cancellation. This paper presents a new scattering parameter (S-parameter) based methodology for multimode signaling. The set of coder/decoder coefficients (CODEC) is obtained from the S-parameters of the whole channel, which makes the scheme more applicable for practical systems. The derived CODEC shows a 20 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and 45% reduction of root mean square (RMS) jitter compared with single-ended signaling for a practical benchmark problem.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114388076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A partial homomorphic encryption scheme for secure design automation on public clouds","authors":"A. Yu, A. Sathanur, V. Jandhyala","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457871","url":null,"abstract":"The massive compute power offered by public clouds such as Amazon Web Services EC2 provides for a new paradigm in cost-effective and highly scalable parallel deployment of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools. Even though the advantages are myriad, customers perceive an inherent security risk in exposing their IP to the cloud. In this work, we start by outlining the shortcomings of established encryption techniques for use in public machines. Using the example of electromagnetic simulation, we show how the IP (layout and technology) may be reverse-engineered from the Green's function matrix by utilizing the Multi Dimensional Scaling approach. We then propose encryption schemes to defeat such sophisticated hacking attempts using principles of homomorphic encryption, while enabling scalability and computational benefits of public clouds.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114725080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tanaka, M. Toyama, H. Nakashima, J. Yamada, M. Haida, I. Ooshima
{"title":"Chip oriented target impedance for digital power distribution network design","authors":"M. Tanaka, M. Toyama, H. Nakashima, J. Yamada, M. Haida, I. Ooshima","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457881","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancements in semiconductor process technologies in recent years, noise management has become more difficult. Therefore power distribution network (PDN) design has become more important. This paper describes the target impedance build method. The key techniques are to find the impedance border line of normal chip operation and to set the target impedance which does not exceed that border line. The target impedance which is produced by the proposed method is useful in optimizing the design margin and reducing the chip/package/board size. From the experimental result using a 45-nm process Test Element Group (TEG) chip, the package size was reduced by 21.5%, and the chip size was reduced by 16.4% in comparison with the original design which was not designed using the target impedance. Furthermore, normal chip operation was confirmed by the actual measurement. On the other hand, a working design pattern was not able to be found in the target impedance which was produced by the conventional method. The experimental result demonstrates the validation of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125394468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On analytic model of multiple vias for high-speed printed circuit board and electric band-gap structures","authors":"Lisha Zhang, G. Pan, Zhonghai Guo","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457904","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a full-wave formulation to model massive number of vias in high-speed printed circuit board (PCB), through silicon via (TSV) and electric band-gap (EBG) structures. This analytic method employs the equivalent magnetic frill array, Galerkin's procedure, image theory and Fourier transform to simplify the problem from a 3D configuration into a 2D frame. Based on Bessel's functions and addition theorem, the final matrix equation is formulated analytically without using any numerical techniques. The new method is purely from the boundary conditions. Consequently, it is simple, versatile, efficient and accurate. Numerical examples demonstrate good agreement between our analytical solution and commercial software (HFSS) for through silicon and PCB vias. The model is also used to study the EBG wall and cavity, for leakage fields.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117032021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation and measurement correlation of random rough surface effects in interconnects","authors":"R. Ding, H. Braunisch, L. Tsang, Wenmo Chang","doi":"10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2012.6457894","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effects of three dimensional (3D) random roughness on wave propagation in a parallel plate metallic waveguide with finite conductivity. The surface roughness is characterized as a random process characterized by root mean square (rms) height, correlation length and power spectral density (PSD) function. The second order small perturbation method (SPM2) is applied to compute the coherent wave enhancement factors of absorption. A microstrip line structure is designed for validation of these enhancement factor results. Rough surface height profiles are measured on the substrate and the PSD is extracted. With the PSD we obtain the enhancement factor for the specific surface roughness. The attenuation constant of the microstrip line with rough surface can be estimated using a field solution for a smooth surface and the enhancement factor. The results for waveguides are also compared with the results obtained for a plane wave incident on a metal surface with 3D roughness. Comparison between the estimated and measured attenuation constant shows that the enhancement factor derived by SPM2 gives a better estimation than the standard Hammerstad and Bekkadal equation. The waveguide model gives more accurate enhancement factors than the plane wave model at frequencies above 20 GHz, especially for rough surfaces with rms heights larger than 2 μm.","PeriodicalId":188377,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems","volume":"30 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130277787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}