Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"First report of natural co-infections and protein profile of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita","authors":"Nevil Pinto ,&nbsp;B. Madhusudhana Rao ,&nbsp;Gowhar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Pradeep A. ,&nbsp;B.S. Yashwanth ,&nbsp;M.G. Pratapa ,&nbsp;A. Sathiyanarayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture is a crucial component of global animal protein production, highlighting its significant role in food security. Bacterial co-infections are common in fish farms and severely impact fish health. The prevalence of <em>Aeromona</em>s and <em>Pseudomonas</em> species has been documented in natural co-infections on rohu farms. Infected fish exhibited prominent ulcerative skin lesions, scale erosion, and tail rot. Molecular analysis revealed that <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> was the most dominant species in infected tissues, followed by <em>A. hydrophila, A. dhakensis, Pseudomonas mosselii,</em> and <em>P. fluorescens.</em> The coinfected fish displayed histopathological changes, such as necrotic gills, lymphocytic infiltration, and tubular necrosis in the liver and kidney. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling using nine antibiotic discs indicated the highest sensitivity to oxytetracycline, whereas ampicillin, methicillin, and penicillin exhibited complete resistance across all tissue-associated bacterial isolates. Label-free proteomic analysis of the kidney showed pathogenicity mechanisms related to metabolic pathways, ion binding, oxidoreductase activity and the cellular response to stress in the kidneys of coinfected rohu. Notably, proteins involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation were upregulated, suggesting their roles in the host response to coinfection. This study specifies for the first time that coinfection on rohu farms is capable of causing pathological changes in the kidney, liver, and gill. The identification of novel host-response proteins may facilitate the development of therapeutic targets and strategies to increase disease resistance and climate resilience in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel nanobody-fused flagellin adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity in a PCV2 subunit vaccine","authors":"Changjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Xu ,&nbsp;Jinliang Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Yu Guan ,&nbsp;Lin Dong ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Weiqin Meng ,&nbsp;Fengrong Tian ,&nbsp;Feng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. The capsid (Cap) protein serves as the core antigen in PCV2 subunit vaccines, but its weak immunogenicity necessitates adjuvants to enhance the induced immune responses. Bacterial flagellin proteins are ideal candidates for next-generation vaccine adjuvants. In this study, we designed a novel flagellin-based adjuvant by co-expressing bacterial flagellin with nanobodies (Nb) specific to the PCV2 Cap protein (Nbcap-flagellin). This recombinant fusion protein leverages the high-affinity binding ability of the nanobodies to bind the Cap protein, forming an antigen-adjuvant complex to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. We further evaluated the effect of this nanobody-fusion flagellin adjuvant to enhance the immune response in mice to a subunit vaccine with PCV2 Cap protein as the model antigen. The results demonstrated that vaccination of mice with PCV2-Cap and Nbcap-flagellin adjuvant (Cap + Nbcap-flagellin) vaccine induced significantly higher levels of ELISA titers of Cap-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and immune-related cytokines compared to the PCV2-Cap vaccine without adjuvant (Cap) and the mixture of Cap protein with flagellin (Cap + flagellin). Following virulent PCV2 challenge, addition of the Nbcap-flagellin adjuvant to the PCV2 subunit vaccine significantly reduced the viral load in the serum of PCV2-challenged mice and prevented pathological changes in lymphoid tissue. These findings suggested that the Nbcap-flagellin adjuvant could enhance the immune response and provide better protection against PCV2 infection, making it a promising candidate for improving the efficacy of PCV2 subunit vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Candida albicans isolates from people living with HIV more resistant to antifungals? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Maria Rita Rodon Costacurta ,&nbsp;Renata Klemp Orlandini ,&nbsp;Amanda Carolina de Souza Delfino da Rocha ,&nbsp;Amanda Brenda de Souza e Silva de Araújo ,&nbsp;Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta ,&nbsp;Alan Grupioni Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People living with HIV (PLHIV) often require antifungal medications for the treatment or prevention of infections, which may contribute to the emergence of resistant <em>Candida albicans</em> strains. This systematic review aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of antifungal resistance in <em>C. albicans</em> isolates from the oral and oropharyngeal cavities is higher in PLHIV compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. The research question was structured using the Population (P), Exposure (E), Comparator (C), and Outcome (O) strategy: (P) PLHIV and HIV-uninfected individuals; (E) HIV infection; (C) HIV-uninfected individuals; (O) Prevalence of antifungal-resistant <em>C. albicans</em>. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350141).</div><div>A search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LiVivo, Lilacs, Web of Science) and Google Scholar, including studies published up to May 2024. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Meta-analyses for each antifungal were conducted using fixed-effect models and the Peto's method.</div><div>Out of 5425 records, 13 studies from nine countries were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed higher fluconazole resistance in PLHIV. For a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) &gt; 8 μg/mL, the odds ratio (OR) was 3.53 (CI: 1.29–2.40; p: 0.029). For MIC &gt;64 μg/mL, the OR was 2.33. Resistance to other antifungals (itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, nystatin, amphotericin B, and flucytosine) was similar between groups. Low heterogeneity indicated consistent results across studies.</div><div>In conclusion, fluconazole resistance is significantly higher in PLHIV, likely due to prolonged use, while other antifungals remain effective treatment options for both populations studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of pathogens and vaccine design strategies for Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"Jinlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiling Ma ,&nbsp;Fuyong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhilong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Xie ,&nbsp;Bao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Jinwen Sima ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, often referred to as <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, plays a critical role in numerous infectious conditions, notably targeting the respiratory system with diseases such as lobar pneumonia, bronchitis, and pleurisy. This bacterium is the predominant cause of bacterial pneumonia in children and a major agent of bacterial meningitis in those over three months of age. Moreover, <em>S. pneumoniae</em> accounts for significant childhood mortality, with approximately one million deaths each year among children younger than five globally, as reported by the World Health Organization. These infections pose a severe threat to public health and are becoming a paramount concern worldwide. Despite extensive utilization of pneumococcal vaccines, such as polysaccharide and conjugate forms, the limited spectrum of these vaccines and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes necessitate the development of novel preventive strategies. The escalation of drug-resistant <em>S. pneumoniae</em> strains further complicates this issue, diminishing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics and amplifying the need for vigilant monitoring and the creation of superior vaccines. This article meticulously reviews progress in the surveillance and vaccine development for <em>S. pneumoniae</em>. It provides a detailed comparative assessment of existing pathogen detection methods and vaccine development techniques, examining their advantages and shortcomings. Additionally, the study delves into the evolving challenges and future directions in pneumococcal vaccine research, offering essential references that enhance understanding of both pathogen surveillance and vaccine innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitazoxanide potentiates polymyxin B against Escherichia coli by inhibiting energy metabolism enzymes","authors":"Dongliang Chen ,&nbsp;Min Wei ,&nbsp;Chengeng Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Wang ,&nbsp;Chunmei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenchong Ye ,&nbsp;Wen Zhou ,&nbsp;Donghai Zhou ,&nbsp;Keyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Combination therapy has proven to be one of the viable strategies to effectively reduce the risk of resistance in antimicrobial treatment. The antiprotozoal agent nitazoxanide (NTZ) has been found to enhance the antimicrobial effects of colistin as a potential adjuvant for colistin therapy, but the details of this mechanism are still not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To detect and validate the role of energy metabolism enzyme in NTZ promoting polymyxin B (PMB) against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>). The ability of NTZ to enhance PMB against <em>E. coli</em> was evaluated in vitro, along with the changes in ROS, ATP, and reduced coenzyme. The possible target genes of NTZ synergistic with PMB were explored by constructing gene deletion and overexpression strains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NTZ significantly inhibited the production of ATP, NAD⁺ and NADH and reduced the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, but aggravated polymyxin B (PMB) induced oxidative stress in <em>E. coli</em>. For strains with <em>nuoC</em>, <em>aceE</em> and <em>aceF</em> gene deletion, the sensitivity to PMB was significantly increased, while the synergistic effect of PMB with NTZ was decreased. The reactive oxygen species production of gene deletion strains was consistent with the synergistic effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NTZ blocks electron transport in the respiratory chain by inhibiting energy metabolizing enzyme activity, thereby leading to intracellular ATP depletion and oxidative stress, ultimately enhancing the antibacterial effect of PMB and leading to <em>E. coli</em> cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antibacterial efficacy and reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance of food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii by integrating essential oils with silver nanoparticles and antibiotics","authors":"Abd El-Raheem Ramadan El-Shanshoury ,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohamed El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;Sarah M. AL-Abd ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cronobacter sakazakii</em> is known as a food-poisoning bacterium that can withstand stressed environments. This study highlights the urgent need for effective antimicrobial alternatives by examining the emergence of antibiotic-resistant <em>C. sakazakii</em> in Egyptian dietary foods and the effects of essential plant oils and silver nanoparticles. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the fifteen <em>C. sakazakii</em>-positive samples were assessed using ten distinct antibiotics. Furthermore, a well diffusion method is used to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils and silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to examine the morphological changes of the powerful antibiotic-resistant strain. Ipenem, ampicillin sulbactam, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, and streptomycin were all resistant to <em>C. sakazakii</em> isolates, with a 100 % resistance incidence. They showed intermediate resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80 % resistance incidence) and were only sensitive to norfloxacin (26.6 % resistance incidence). Essential oils (12–45 mm) were more successful in suppressing <em>C. sakazakii</em> than susceptible antibiotics (10.83–14.17 mm) and silver nanoparticles (7.17–12.25 mm). Higher inhibitions were provided by mint and basil oils, with mint oil exhibiting the best performance at 45 mm. The combination of antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, and essential oils demonstrated synergistic effects against powerful bacteria. Compared to clove + mint with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (40 mm) or silver nanoparticles with basil oil (35 mm), mint-infused silver nanoparticles showed higher inhibition (45 mm). After being treated with basil oil, <em>C. sakazakii</em> showed morphological changes as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Combining essential oils with antibiotics and silver nanoparticles offers a viable way to counteract <em>C. sakazakii'</em>s growing threat. In a medical environment that is becoming more complex, these developments offer hope for improving patient outcomes and safeguarding public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caries influences the composition of oral microorganisms in male children with ASD","authors":"Si Meng ,&nbsp;Wenyan Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Peng ,&nbsp;Xuedan Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiong Feng ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Weijia Liu ,&nbsp;Lijing Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Ge ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Sujuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Ting Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, with growing evidence suggesting that certain oral microorganisms may worsen ASD symptoms. Caries is closely linked to the nervous system and influences the composition of oral microorganisms. Therefore, when studying the oral microbial composition in ASD, the effects of caries must be excluded to accurately identify potential oral causative agents of ASD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case-control study was conducted with 30 children diagnosed with ASD and 34 typically developing (TD) control children, both with and without caries, from Guangzhou city. Participants were categorized into four groups: ASD without caries (ASD-N), ASD with caries (ASD-C), TD without caries (TD-N), and TD with caries (TD-C). Plaque and saliva samples were collected from all participants and analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate changes in oral microbial composition and diversity in children with ASD under varying caries conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The alpha diversity of plaque and saliva microorganisms was generally lower, and beta diversity differed significantly between children with ASD and control groups. At the phylum level, the two most dominant phyla were <em>Bacillota</em> and <em>Actinomycetota</em>. At the genus level, the predominant genera were <em>Streptococcus</em> and <em>Porphyromonas.</em> LEfSe analysis revealed that certain taxa, such as <span><span><em>Ruminococcaceae bacterium UCG-005</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span> and <em>Lactobacillus mucilaginosus</em> in dental plaque, and <em>Actinobacillus</em> in saliva, were significantly more abundant in caries-free ASD children compared to caries-free controls(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, <em>Prevotella</em>, <em>Carnobacterium</em> and <em>Suttonella</em> in plaque, along with <em>Peptostreptococcus</em> in saliva, were more prevalent in caries-free ASD children compared to caries-affected controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Caries impacts the diversity and composition of oral microorganisms in children with ASD. The dominant genera, <em>Streptococcus</em> and <em>Porphyromonas</em> , are linked to both caries and the development of ASD. Certain biomarkers in children with caries were associated with caries, whereas others in caries-free ASD children were linked to ASD itself. These findings offer new insights into identifying the true oral pathogens related to ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles in malaria pathogenesis and Therapy: Emerging insights and future perspectives","authors":"Abida ,&nbsp;Mehnaz Kamal ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz A. Alqurashi ,&nbsp;Shahad M. Alhuthli ,&nbsp;Malek A. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Bayan J. Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Shaker Huwaylan Alsharari ,&nbsp;Moosa A. Khobrani ,&nbsp;Jafar Abdullah Almakrami ,&nbsp;Joud Othman Albishri ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman K. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Mohd Imran","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria remains a major global health challenge, responsible for millions of cases and substantial mortality each year. The emergence of drug-resistant strains and the lack of an effective vaccine underscore the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs derived via the endosomal pathway—commonly known as exosomes—in the progression of malaria and modulation of immune responses. These exosomes carry bioactive molecules that influence both innate and adaptive immunity. The biogenesis of exosomes is regulated by various cellular factors, and their involvement in host-pathogen interactions has revealed complex molecular mechanisms underlying parasitic diseases. This review provides an overview of exosome biogenesis, their molecular cargo, and their functional roles in malaria pathogenesis. Within this context, the growing interest in exosomes as therapeutic targets is discussed, given their immunomodulatory potential and utility as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, we explore the significance of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems and in vivo models in elucidating exosome-mediated host-parasite interactions, emphasizing their contribution to advancing malaria research. Finally, we address current developments and future perspectives in the field, advocating for exosome-based interventions as a promising new paradigm in malaria therapy. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the interplay between malaria and exosomes, opening avenues for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESBL-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolated from dairy cows with pneumonia: insight into their epidemiology, genetic features and antimicrobial resistance profiles","authors":"Li Jia ,&nbsp;Guangzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Li ,&nbsp;Hengtai Wang ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Ba ,&nbsp;Qingchun Shen ,&nbsp;Yuzhong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in humans and animals. This study surveyed the epidemiology and analyzed the genetic and resistance characteristics, and the pathogenicity of 37 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> from 316 dairy cows with pneumonia in Hebei Province (north China). To clarify the relationship between the isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR, high viscosity, extracellular polysaccharide content, biofilm formation and mouse infection model were used to decipher the relationship between different phenotypes of strains and drug resistance and virulence. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze and characterize the genetic features of some strains. Clinical treatment with medication based on drug susceptibility results. According to the results of Vitek 2 compact and the broth microdilution test, there were 81.0 % (30/37) ESBL-producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> with a higher multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. The isolates were mainly resistant to β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The most frequently identified beta-lactamase genes were <em>bla</em>_<em>SHV</em>, <em>bla</em>_{<em>CTX-M</em>,} and <em>bla</em>_<em>TEM</em>, <em>aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and aph(3′)-Ia</em>. IncFII(K), IncQ1, IncFIB(K), and repB (R1701) were the main resistant plasmid replicons identified and multiple-replicon plasmids often carried more drug resistance genes. The major clone was ST43. The phylogenetic analysis presented the genetic diversity and close phylogenetic relationship between strains from humans, economic animals, and the environment. Moreover, using a mouse infection model, this study demonstrated that isolates with certain virulence profiles and significant resistance characteristics exhibited higher infection levels. Clinical data analysis suggested that co-medication had a positive effect on the outcome of the treatment. This work indicated that strengthening the clinical attention and epidemiological monitoring of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing isolates from different sources is necessary and urgent. This work indicated that it is urgent and necessary to enhance the clinical vigilance and epidemiological monitoring of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing with microbial Allies: Exploration of probiotics in wound management","authors":"Mayuri Kadwaikar,&nbsp;Vaibhav Shinde","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wounds caused by skin damage can allow harmful germs to enter, potentially leading to severe infections and systemic issues. This disruption can also result in dysbiosis, which is an imbalance of the skin's normal microbial environment. Typically, antibiotics are used to treat wound infections; however, they can eliminate beneficial bacteria, which may worsen microbial imbalance and slow the healing process. As concerns about antibiotic resistance and side effects continue to rise, alternative strategies such as probiotics are gaining popularity. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that aid in wound healing by enhancing immune responses, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue regeneration. Research has shown that specific probiotic strains can increase collagen production, stimulate blood vessel formation, accelerate wound contraction, and encourage the generation of essential growth factors. Additionally, some strains help diminish bacterial load and modulate the local immune system, leading to improved tissue repair and faster wound closure. Probiotics have been effectively used in studies and incorporated into commercial wound care products like topical gels, lotions, and dressings. These formulations help prevent infections and promote healing by restoring microbial balance and strengthening the skin barrier. With numerous benefits that enhance tissue regeneration and provide antimicrobial protection, probiotics represent a viable and safer alternative to antibiotics in wound care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}