Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"The potential role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin C and TSST-1 in the infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells","authors":"Yusak Budi Susilo ,&nbsp;Karin Artursson ,&nbsp;Lihong Liu ,&nbsp;Julia Södergren ,&nbsp;Peter Spégel ,&nbsp;Jonas Bergquist ,&nbsp;Jenny Schelin","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine mastitis is a continuous problem in the dairy industry. The infection has significant impact on health and welfare of animals and causes financial losses for the farmers and the dairy industry. A key bacterium associated with bovine mastitis is <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em>. It produces different exotoxins including more than 24 different staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). We have investigated the role of enterotoxin C (SEC) and TSST-1 in the infection process. Five different <em>S. aureus sec</em> or <em>tst-1</em> deletion mutants, derived from three wild type strains isolated from cases of bovine mastitis, were constructed and characterized regarding growth and enterotoxin formation. These mutant and wild type strains were used to infect bovine mammary epithelial (BME-UV) cells to evaluate their infection ability. The ratio of <em>S. aureus</em> recovered in BME-UV cell lysate after 7 h of infection to the initial <em>S. aureus</em> infection dose was calculated to provide a measure of infection capability of each strain. Deletion of the <em>sec</em> gene overall showed a reduction in infection ratio, suggesting that presence of SEC may play a role during the establishment of infection. In contrast, deletion of <em>tst-1</em> did not appear to affect the infection capability to the same extent. Proteomic analyses indicated that infection by two out of three <em>S. aureus</em> wild type strains elicited a systematic alteration in the BME-UV cell proteome. The isogenic <em>sec</em> deletion mutants of these two wild type strain also produced differences in the proteome of the BME-UV cells compared to the wild-type infected cells. Altogether the reduced infection ratios and altered protein profiles suggest that SEC can play a role in the <em>S. aureus</em> infection process of BME-UV cells while a role for TSST-1 still remains unclear. Further investigations of their specific functions is important to elucidate if these toxins are potential targets in new preventive strategies or treatments for bovine mastitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of codon usage bias in Ascovirus: Insights into viral evolution and host adaptation","authors":"Yeşim Aktürk Dizman","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ascoviruses are circular double-stranded DNA viruses that infect lepidopterans, producing large enveloped virions and causing a chronic, deadly disease with apoptosis-like cytopathology. Understanding the codon usage patterns of ascoviruses could shed light on host-virus interactions, evolutionary pressure, gene expression optimization. Nevertheless, thorough analyses of codon usage bias (CUB) within the genomes of <em>Ascovirus</em> (a genus in the <em>Ascoviridae</em> family) have yet to be conducted. Herein, a systematic analysis was performed to clarify the codon usage patterns in nine viruses of the <em>Ascovirus</em> genus, using their complete genomes. The results revealed a higher average nucleotide composition for A and T compared to G and C, with a preference for A/T nucleotides, particularly at the third codon position. Moreover, the results indicated that <em>Ascovirus</em> has a relatively low CUB. Dinucleotide composition significantly influences the codon usage patterns in <em>Ascovirus</em>. Further analyses, including ENC plot, neutrality plot, parity rule 2 (PR2) analysis, correspondence analysis, and correlation analysis, confirmed that mutational pressure had a more significant influence than natural selection in shaping codon usage. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis indicated that <em>Ascovirus</em> is strongly adapted to its hosts. The results of our study illustrated the codon usage patterns in <em>Ascovirus</em> genomes and provided essential primary data for foundational evolutionary research on these viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the epidermis and mucus viscosity of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda","authors":"Jyoti Singh ,&nbsp;Usha Kumari ,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash ,&nbsp;Pralay Maiti ,&nbsp;Swati Mittal ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Mittal","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated effects of a bacterial pathogen, <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em> on the epidermis and mucus viscosity of an Indian major carp, <em>Cirrhinus mrigala</em>. The fish were divided into three groups: a control group (no treatment), a vehicle control group (fish injected with 50 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at day 0), and an infected group (fish injected with 50 μl of PBS containing a sublethal dose of 2.2 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, which is 10 % of the 96-h LD₅₀, at day 0). Alterations in the surface architecture, histology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, specific activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were studied at 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d post-infection. Microscopic examination showed hypertrophy of the epidermal epithelial cells, accompanied by disrupted and disorganized microridges, as well as exfoliation. Mucous goblet cells (MGCs) density increased significantly at an early stage of infection. Club cells exhibited degenerative changes, including vacuolization, confluence with neighbouring cells at intervals and simultaneous discharge of their contents onto the surface. A significant increase in iNOS-positive cells was detected. PCNA expression was significantly lower in infected fish, indicating reduced cell proliferation. Cutaneous mucus showed non-Newtonian behavior, with higher viscosity at low shear rates which decreased significantly in infected fish, indicating thinning and shedding under stress. <em>E. tarda</em> infection also caused a significant increase in LDH activity and a decrease in SDH activity. This study will provide deep insight into the host defence mechanisms and serve as a knowledge base for the establishment of early warning systems to control disease outbreaks in farmed fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopeptide: Exploration for enhanced anticandidal therapeutic spectrum","authors":"Vivek Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing numbers of human fungal contagions pose a significant threat to the health of society, which is largely brought on by an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi are usually ignored in discussions of human disease, though they create a big problem after infection. Immunocompromised patients have a high fatality rate due to severe invasive infections from a common polymorphic pathogenic fungus, <em>Candida albicans</em>. Treatment becomes more challenging when <em>C. albicans</em> builds biofilms in the body and on medical implants because they protect themselves from the human defense system and resist traditional antifungal medications. Quorum sensing in biofilm helps to develop drug resistance because it regulates gene expression and other biofilm-related activities. Available antifungal drugs now are not very effective against biofilm and are becoming more resistant. New antifungal choices are desperately needed, and they should contain unique biocompatible modes of action. Lipopeptides, a naturally occurring peptide group, have been shown as a promising antifungal substitute. They could be an effective, futuristic antifungal agent that stops the growth of pathogenic fungi in humans. Lipopeptides produced by bacteria, especially from <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas,</em> are very powerful against pathogenic fungi. Cyclic lipopeptides such as surfactin, fengycin, iturins, and daptomycin damage <em>Candida</em> species' cell membranes because they are hydrophobic, prevent biofilm development, and could be efficacious antifungal agents. This review explores structural diversity, biosynthesis, and interactions of lipopeptides against <em>C. albicans</em> virulence factors. New treatment regimens for human fungal infections can be developed by recognizing and researching lipopeptides in-depth, urgently needed to develop potent, safe, and enhanced spectral antifungal arsenals in the future because there is now an insufficiency of effective antifungal medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterize febrile temperature dependency of anti-infection pathways in Salmonella-infected mouse macrophages","authors":"Zhaojun Xu ,&nbsp;Yefei Zhan ,&nbsp;Qifa Song","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of fever on the initiation phase of anti-infection immune responses, which involve mainly macrophages, has not been well studied. RAW264.7 macrophages were inoculated with <em>Salmonella Typhimurium</em> (STm), which was subsequently stained with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. Upon culture at various febrile temperatures, RNA sequencing identified 18 temperature-independent pathways that were activated at 37–40 °C and responsible for cell death, PAMP receptors, and the synthesis of effector proteins, as well as eight high temperature-dependent pathways that were activated only at 38–40 °C and responsible for endocytosis, cell killing, and cell interactions. The FCM analysis indicated that when weighed against potentially much more severe side effects from 40 to 41 °C, reasonably high bactericidal activity was achieved at 38–39 °C in macrophages. Our findings provide essential knowledge about fever control treatment in terms of basic immune and metabolic pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on TGF beta polymorphism in psoriatic patients with plaques infected with Streptococcus pyogenes","authors":"Ghasem Miraalamy ,&nbsp;Kumarss Amini ,&nbsp;Sedighe Mehrabian ,&nbsp;Saeed Zaker bostan abad","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune control and skin homeostasis depend on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), which also may affect pathogenesis of psoriasis. Using MLVA typing, this study looked at the relationship between TGF-β1 509 C/T polymorphism and psoriasis susceptibility in an Iranian population as well as related Streptococcus pyogenes strains. Enrolled were fifty psoriatic patients overall as well as fifty matched healthy controls. Tetra Arms PCR was used for the extraction and analysis of genomic DNA; bacterial strain identification was achieved with MLVA. Though the TT genotype displayed a higher odds ratio (OR: 1.222), the relationship with psoriasis was not statistically significant (p = 0.779). Case and control T and C allele frequencies were rather similar. Out of all the patients, 18 % showed early-onset psoriasis. Of the nineteen bacterial isolates, SPY1 and SPY3 turned out as main markers. These results imply a possible but unproven involvement of TGF-β1 polymorphism in psoriasis susceptibility. It is advised further study using bigger samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent insights into potato dry rot an emerging Disease: Focusing on pathogen diversity, host-pathogen interactions, and management strategies","authors":"Pooja ,&nbsp;Prashant Chauhan ,&nbsp;Ankit Kumar ,&nbsp;Lellapalli Rithesh ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, global food safety and security are major concerns to mitigate global hunger. As, the world's population rising at an alarming rate and is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050, agriculturists have great responsibilities to grow more food from limited land. Crops are affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses in the field as well as during storage, this situation is drastic in developing countries. Potato belongs to the <em>Solanaceae</em> family, is considered a promising staple vegetable crop. To address the major issue of food safety and security, potatoes can be considered as a crucial non cereal food crop to combat this problem, as they can be grown under field conditions, and soilless medium (hydroponically, and aeroponically). The potato crop is also affected by various biotic stresses in both field and post-harvest conditions, significantly deteriorating its qualitative and quantitative yield. Among the biotic stresses, Fusarium dry rot (FDR) incited by the <em>Fusarium</em> species complex is considered a major problem in the present scenario. Dry rot of potato causes drastic quality and yield loss in cold stores. Moreover, <em>Fusarium</em> spp., producing mycotoxins like trichothecenes that contribute to the disease development. <em>Fusarium</em> spp. utilizes enzymes like pectinases and cellulases to break down plant cell walls, facilitating invasion and colonization. Therefore, implement crop rotation, use disease-resistant potato varieties, practice good sanitation, and employ fungicides to manage potato dry rot disease would be beneficial. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the fungal species involved, pathogenicity, and to find the best management strategies for sustainable potato production. Although some reports on FDR of potato have been published previously, many recent studies have since offered new insights into diagnostic techniques, mycotoxin detection and quantification, and management strategies. Therefore, this review aims to integrate these recent findings, offering an updated outlook on FDR considering emerging research. Our objective is to provide a timely synthesis of the latest research developments that were not covered in previous reviews, making this article a valuable and necessary contribution to the agricultural field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel prophylactic strategy to enhance immunity in Plasmodium berghei infected mice: Combining mefloquine and ultra-diluted malarial antigen","authors":"Mansi Suri ,&nbsp;Sapna Katnoria ,&nbsp;Jyoti Joshi ,&nbsp;Subhash Kaushik ,&nbsp;Debadatta Nayak ,&nbsp;Sukhbir Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antimalarial drug resistance poses a significant challenge towards global efforts to combat malaria, so new strategies must be explored. Previously we showed promising antimalarial activity of ultra diluted malarial antigen (UdMAg), a novel biotherapic drug which was developed from <em>in vitro</em> cultures of a combination of cell-free parasites and infected red blood cells from <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and RKL-9 strains (chloroquine resistant). The stock was collected and sent to Dr. Willmar Schwabe India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi for preparing its homeopathic dilutions to 30c by repeated succussions and potentization. The final ultradiluted Malarial antigen 30c (UdMAg) was used for the treatment along with the standard antimalarial drug mefloquine (MQ) not only to enhance the therapeutic outcomes but also ameliorate its side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The prophylactic efficacy of MQ in combination with UdMAg was assessed in <em>P. berghei</em> infected mice (ANKA strain) using Peters (1980) method. Assessment of parasitaemia and mean survival time was studied along with immunological parameters which included analysis of cell surface expression, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results demonstrated enhanced prophylactic efficacy of the MQ, accompanied by 100 % mean survival time when given along with UdMAg. Further, the combination treatment exhibited improved immunological responses, increased concentration of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen specie levels.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion &amp; conclusion</h3><div>MQ, a standard antimalarial has significant side-effects, so a novel antimalarial (UdMAg) was used as a biotherapy in combination to improve its prophylactic efficacy through the generation of immune responses in the host. Our findings highlight the potential of UdMAg in enhancing the prophylactic efficacy of standard antimalarial drug.</div><div>This novel integrative approach strengthens the impact of standard antimalarial treatment while offering a potential avenue for immune-based prophylaxis. Such an approach may have significant translational relevance for developing adjunct therapies in malaria-endemic regions, particularly where immune resilience is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory role of gut microbiota in autoimmune disorders and the advancement of gut microbiota based therapeutic strategies","authors":"Syeda Noor Fatima ,&nbsp;Fariha Arif ,&nbsp;Rahuf Khalid ,&nbsp;Madiha Khan ,&nbsp;Khalida Naseem","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the central hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis via immune dysregulation, increased intestinal permeability, and aberrant metabolite signaling and many other pathways. Mechanisms such as SCFA depletion, Th17/Treg imbalance, molecular mimicry, and disrupted aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathways plays central immunomodulatory role in the development as well as management of autoimmune disorders including RA, T1D, MS, and IBD. Emerging interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, SCFA supplementation, and FMT are critically assessed to demonstrating their modulatory effects on cytokine profiles, epithelial integrity, and Treg induction. Clinical and preclinical data support microbial restoration as a viable immunotherapeutic strategy. The review concludes that targeting gut-immune crosstalk through microbiota-directed therapies may offer precise, mechanism-based management for many autoimmune disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Screening and Cytotoxic Analysis of Beta vulgaris L. phytoconstituents as potent Dengue virus-NS5 Polymerase inhibitors","authors":"Qurrat Ul Ain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sufyan ,&nbsp;Isra Umbreen Mufti ,&nbsp;Imran Shahid ,&nbsp;Abdullah R. Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Sidra Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue infection is one of the most widely spread flavivirus infections. Despite the fatality it could cause, no antiviral treatment is currently available to treat the disease and its associated pathophysiological conditions. This study aimed to search drug-like compounds for possible inhibitors of the NS5 protein of dengue virus (serotype 2). In the present study, a data set of twenty-five <em>Beta vulgaris. L</em>-based phytoconstituents was developed. We employed machine learning (ML) data pre-processing, screening of differentially expressed transcripts and genes, identification of common transcriptional signatures and pathways and function enrichment analysis of dengue infection; and protein-protein interaction network construction and identification of hub genes. ML data revealed that NS5 mRNA was downregulated by betanin, kaempferol, quercetin hydrate, and isovitexin-2-O-xyloside. Moreover, administering these compounds can alleviate host innate immune factor suppression mediated by NS5, thereby exhibiting antiviral activity. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetics studies revealed a potential therapeutic role of betanin, kaempferol, quercetin hydrate, and isovitexin-2-O-xyloside phytoconstituents as potent antiviral phytocompounds. MD simulation and post-simulation analysis, including principal component analysis and dynamic cross-correlation, confirmed the antiviral therapeutic potency of betanin, kaempferol, and isovitexin-2-O-xyloside against dengue virus infection. <em>In vitro</em> cytotoxic studies also depicted nontoxic effects of betanin and quercetin hydrate in Vero and CHO cells at a concentration range of 20–0.31 μM. In summary, computational screening and <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity analysis revealed that betanin, kaempferol, and isovitexin-2-O-xyloside may prove as potential drug candidates against dengue virus regarding their possible safety and antiviral activity in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}