Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"Regulatory mechanism of quercitrin on oxidative stress and histone acetylation changes in PRV infected 3D4/2 cells.","authors":"Jiaxia Jiang, Yuheng Wei, Wen Zhao, Haifeng Yuan, Changqiao Huang, Xiaoli Yu, Yanhua Li, Liqun Jiang, Meilling Yu, Tingjun Hu, Qiuhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral infection causes oxidative stress damage to the body. Quercitrin is a flavonoid compound that exists widely in many plants and it exhibits antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant mechanism of quercitrin and its effect on histone acetylation changes. 3D4/2 cells were infected by PRV (Pseudorabies virus) with or without quercitrin, cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity were tested. In addition, oxidative stress-related signaling pathways and histone acetylation changes were analyzed by western blots. The results showed that quercitrin played a protective effect on PRV infected 3D4/2 cells, the effects of quercitrin on the activity of SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GPx (Glutathione peroxidase), CAT (Catalase) in PRV infected cell were not the same, quercitrin could increase the proteins expression levels AcH3, AcH4 and Nrf2 signaling pathway related proteins of PRV infected cells at certain concentrations. In addition, quercitrin could inhibit AKT phosphorylation in PRV infected cells and further promote the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and PPAR-γ protein expression levels. Moreover, AMPK pathway inhibitors blocked the promoting effect of quercitrin on Nrf2 and HO1 protein expression levels; PPAR-γ inhibitors blocked the promoting effect of quercitrin on Nrf2. The findings demonstrated that quercitrin could regulate histone acetylation in PRV infected 3D4/2 cells through the Nrf2 pathway and quercitrin could alleviate oxidative stress in 3D42 cells induced by PRV, which is associated with the Nrf2, AMPK, and PPAR-γ signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking nature's hidden treasures: Actinomycetota's arsenal of potent antiviral compounds against human viral infections.","authors":"By Lina Amrani, Nurin Sabrina Zawari, Nur Zahirah Afrina Abd Rahman, Adzzie Shazleen Azman, Nurshamimi Nor Rashid, Jasmine Elanie Khairat","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global emergence of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, Mpox, MERS, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and avian influenza, alongside the escalation of antimicrobial resistance, has made the discovery of novel antiviral agents an urgent priority. Actinomycetota, a diverse group of microorganisms known for their medicinal properties and antibiotic production, stand out as a promising source of antiviral compounds. Since the 20th century, studies on the antiviral potential of Actinomycetota-derived secondary metabolites have shown efficacy against various human viruses, such as influenza viruses (IVs), human coronaviruses (hCoVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika virusZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)), and monkeypox virus (MPXV). This review provides a comprehensive summary of key findings from the literature, emphasizing the theurapeutic potential of these compounds and the importance of further research to elucidate their mechanisms of action and enhance their production. Unlocking the antiviral arsenal of Actinomycetota may pave the way for the development of novel and effective antiviral therapies to combat human viral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botanical origin and antimicrobial activity of bee pollen: Natural inhibitor for foodborne pathogens.","authors":"Esra Deniz Candan, Duygu Nur Çobanoğlu, İlginç Kizilpinar Temizer","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pollen collected by Apis mellifera is a product known for its various biological and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the botanical origin, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antimicrobial activity of bee pollen collected from Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The botanical origin of bee pollen samples was analyzed using melissopalinology, TPC, TFC and their antibiomicrobial activities were analyzed by the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>25 plant families, 44 genera, 5 species and 4 types were determined by palynological analysis. Two samples were monofloral (P2: Helianthus sp.; P6: Papaver sp.) and the others were heterofloral. TPC and TFC values varied within the range of 4.42 ± 0.02-14.68 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and 1.1 ± 0.0010-3.4 ± 0.01 mg QE/g respectively. The antimicrobial resistance of bee pollen was investigated against ten foodborne pathogens, including Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica), Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus), and yeast (Candida albicans). Pollen samples exhibited different resistance to all food pathogens. The results demonstrated that most of the bee pollen samples inhibited growth (48.4-67.2 %) the food pathogens tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was found that the high antimicrobial effect of bee pollen samples against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria ivanovii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The study suggests that bee pollen could be a viable alternative for inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens. The present investigation is of significant regarding the usability of bee pollen as a natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, whole-genome analysis, and anti-biofilm activity of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae phage KP-BW9 and its lysin Lys-BW9.","authors":"Qingling Liu, Xiangyu Cao, Mengge Chen, Xin Yue, Longlong Liu, Rong Yang, Bo Xu, Hongkuan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been classified as \"urgent priority pathogens\" due to their high drug resistance and wide spread. Among them, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREco) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are the main types. Phages are naturally occurring viruses that can specifically infect and lyse host bacteria, making them an effective alternative to antibiotics. This study isolated and identified a CREco phage, KP-BW9. The sequencing of phage KP-BW9 showed a genome size of 59665 bp, a GC content of 56.67 %, and encoded 79 predicted proteins. It has a latent period and a lysis period, with strong adaptability to the environment, and a lysis rate of 41.67 % for CREco. Both phage KP-BW9 and lysin Lys-BW9 could effectively lyse Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and significantly inhibit and eradicate the biofilm of their individual and mixed bacteria. As a novel anti-CRE phage, KP-BW9 offers an innovative solution for controlling multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in IPEC-J2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway.","authors":"Shumei Lin, Xinxin Wang, Yifan Rao, Yuwen Song, Shuang Gao, Tiange Wang, Pengxian Wang, Zijun Qi, Yuxin Wang, Dongdong Zhao, Jiancheng Yang, Jianmin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets poses a significant challenge to global swine production, primarily due to weaning stress leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction. Recent studies have identified taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, as a crucial modulator of innate immune responses. In this study, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of taurine. Pretreatment with taurine (20 mM for 48 h) significantly reduced the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β (p < 0.01). Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that taurine suppressed Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK (p38, ERK, JNK) and IRF3. These findings indicate that taurine mitigates inflammatory cascades by targeting the TLR4-MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway, thereby protecting IPEC-J2 cells from LPS-induced damage. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying taurine's anti-inflammatory effects and supports its potential role as a nutritional immunomodulator in managing PWD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPD_1629 is a uracil transporter and is crucial for pneumococcal fitness and pathogenesis in vivo.","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Shabnam Shabnam, Sachin Kushwaha, Devinder Sehgal","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a major human pathogen, causes pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. Unlike free-living bacteria such as Escherichia coli, pathogenic bacteria like S. pneumoniae possess incomplete metabolic pathways and depend on host-derived nutrients. While nucleotide metabolism is essential for bacterial proliferation, how S. pneumoniae takes up uracil is still not well understood. Identifying uracil transporters is important, as they may serve as targets for novel antimicrobial strategies. In this study, we functionally characterized a uracil transporter using the toxic uracil analog 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In vitro assays showed dose-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth by 5-FU, which was reversed by excess uracil, suggesting the presence of a specific uracil transporter. Bioinformatic analysis identified SPD_0267, SPD_1141 and SPD_1629 as candidates. A mutant lacking SPD_1629 (D39Δspd_1629) showed partial resistance to 5-FU, while deletion of SPD_0267 or SPD_1141 had no effect. The growth of the triple mutant D39Δspd_0267Δspd_1141Δspd_1629 mirrored that of D39Δspd_1629. Unlike in rich medium, D39Δspd_1629 mutant failed to grow in uracil-sufficient chemically defined medium. Radiolabeled [³H]-uracil uptake assays validated the transporter's specificity for uracil. In vivo, D39Δspd_1629 displayed significantly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs, blood and spleen of infected mice. Competitive index assays further revealed a severe fitness defect relative to the wildtype. spd_1629 deletion also reduced capsular polysaccharide levels, correlating with attenuated virulence in a mouse model of pneumonia and sepsis. These findings establish SPD_1629 as the principal uracil transporter in S. pneumoniae, and highlight its critical role in virulence and in vivo fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial effect of a new phage, MIZ-Pa99, in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in an animal model.","authors":"Milad Gharedaghi, Ruhollah Dorostkar, Hossein Aghamollaei, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Seyed-Hashem Daryabari","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common bacterial agents in keratitis and is resistant to drugs. Due to the difference in the mechanism of action of antibacterial compounds, phage therapy can be a therapeutic candidate to deal with drug-resistant infections. The purpose of this study is to isolate, identify, and investigate the antimicrobial ability of a phage sample to treat keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Bacteriophage (phage) MIZ-Pa99 isolated from hospital wastewater in Tehran, Iran was identified by TEM imaging. The presence of phage was confirmed by the spot technique and its titration was evaluated using the double-layer agar culture method. Phage lytic activity was evaluated through host range determination against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli, and biofilm destruction assays. Phage's novelty was determined through whole-genome sequencing. Phage safety was assessed using in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo Draize eye irritation tests in rabbit eyes. Therapeutic efficacy was investigated in a mouse model using phage eye drops, with bacterial load quantified by CFU counts and tissue damage assessed by histopathology. Also, the antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas clinical isolates was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIZ-Pa99 belongs to the Straboviridae family and the Caudoviricetes order. Whole genome analysis of MIZ-Pa99 phage showed that it belongs to Elvirus genus, and has linear and double-stranded DNA with a length 209,183 bp and a GC content of 49.30 %. The anti-biofilm effect of phage was observed on clinical isolates. IC50 of phage (HCE-2) was determined as 10^-1 dilution (9.93 × 10¹¹ PFU/ml). The synergistic effect of ciprofloxacin and phage in the form of eye drops was observed in the improvement of keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained in this study indicated that MIZ-Pa99 can be effective in controlling bacterial keratitis infection. However, combined antibiotic and phage treatment has a synergistic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel, virulent PRRSV-1 subtype 1 strain with intestinal tropism in China.","authors":"Keyi Liu, Kang Zhang, Xindong Wang, Zhiying Su, Wenbo Liu, Guochang Chen, Tongwei Ren, Jianguang Qin, Jiaqi Liu, Yanli Pang, Yeshi Yin, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Ying Chen, Weijian Huang, Yingyi Wei, Zuzhang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes abortions in sows and abnormal respiratory symptoms in piglets. Recently, reports of PRRSV-1 infection in China are growing, however, data on the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 subtype 1 are limited. In this study, a PRRSV strain, namely GXFS20220129, was isolated from the lung tissues of piglets exhibiting respiratory distress and diarrhea on a pig farm in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to lineage S1.1 within subtype 1 PRRSV-1, and is distinct from the major epidemic strains of PRRSV-1 in China. Sequence identity analysis showed that GXFS20220129 shares 77.4 %-90.1 % similarity with various PRRSV-1 subtypes, with the highest similarity (90.1 %) to the PRRSV-1 prototype strain LV. Compared to other subtype 1 PRRSV-1 strains, GXFS20220129 has 20 amino acid deletions (positions 274-293) and 18 amino acid deletions (positions 324-341) in the Nsp2 region. Piglets infected with GXFS20220129 exhibited transient fever, coughing, diarrhea, and weight loss, ultimately resulting in the death of 2 out of 4 piglets. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed comparable viral loads in the lung and intestinal tissues of infected piglets. Histopathological analyses revealed significant interstitial pneumonia and disruption of intestinal epithelial structures. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of PRRSV N protein in both lung and intestinal tissues. These findings indicate that the GXFS20220129 strain is virulent and has a distinct intestinal tropism, causing severe clinical manifestations and mortality in piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring regional variations in probiotics: Implications for efficacy and application.","authors":"Mohammad Abavisani, Niloofar Khoshroo, Pourya Tafti, Mohammad Akbari Moghadam, Prashant Kesharwani, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. These bacteria can affect health conditions by virtue of influencing immune system components, modulating of host signaling, and modifying the microbiota. Gut microbiota-microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract-play crucial roles in health enhancement and can be modified via microbiome-based therapeutics-including probiotics-by strengthening the epithelial barrier, competitively excluding pathogens, and interacting with the brain-gut axis. It has been demonstrated that microbiota composition varies across different populations and is affected by multiple factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle, food availability, dietary habits, climate, and genetics. Because an individual's gut microbiome can influence drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), it also plays a key role in determining probiotic efficacy. On the other hand, the characteristics of probiotics are influenced by both their genetic traits and environmental factors. Additionally, there are notable variations in probiotics regulations, strain-specific effects, commercial formulations, and probiotics sources among nations and geographical areas, which may have an impact on the viability of manufacturing probiotics products. Our paper will review the current knowledge on the relationship between geographical variation and probiotics efficacy. We believe that considering this relationship can be conducive to more accurate and rigorous product quality controls and play key role in progressing personalized approaches in microbiome-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of methylglyoxal detoxification in Mycobacterium tuberculosis fitness and pathogenesis.","authors":"Haiqi Chen, Abulimiti Abudukadier, Qi'ao Zhang, Peibo Li, Jianping Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), constitutes a major global health challenge. The pathogenesis of Mtb can be largely attributed to its sophisticated survival strategies within host macrophages. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a ubiquitous reactive dicarbonyl metabolite that spontaneously reacts with biopolymers forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs), togethers with reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cellular events. The glyoxalase system serves as the primary metabolic pathway for MGO detoxification, mitigating carbonyl stress induced by excess MGO. The mycobacterial glyoxalase system likely functions as a vital defense mechanism against glycation and oxidative stress generated during pathogenic infection. Although extensive research has been conducted on the host glyoxalase system against diabetes, little is known about the mechanisms behind MGO detoxification in Mtb. This review aims at exploring the impact of MGO and its product AGEs on TB treatment and discussing the key molecular components, functions, and regulatory roles of the glyoxalase system in Mtb. Finally, we propose the utilization of mycobacterial glyoxalases as therapeutic targets for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}