Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Virulence of a Lethal, Carbapenem-resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST-11 Producing KPC-33.","authors":"Yuzhong Yan, Nana Kong, Yuxiao Niu, Kangde Sun, Wenxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) poses a serious threat to public health. Here, we analyse a case of systemic infection caused by a hv-CRKP, which ultimately led to the patient's death from sepsis. And a total of 30 CRKP were analyzed to elucidate the molecular epidemiological features of CRKP in the hospital, and to provide a basis for clinical anti-infective therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case, a total of 7 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the blood, sputum, urine, and feces of the patient. The Vitek-2 compact system was used to identify the strains and perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Biofilm formation, siderophore production assays and Galleria mellonella infection model were used to verify the virulence phenotypes of the strains in the case. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on the four hv-CRKP isolated from different samples in the case and 26 other CRKP collected in our hospital from September to November in 2022, using the Illumina Hiseq 6000 high-throughput sequencing platform to analyse the resistance and virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the case, after 7 days of treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), the resistance profile of the strains changed. The strain that was initially sensitive to CZA developed to resistant, resistant to imipenem (IPM) developed to sensitive, and resistant to meropenem (MEM) developed to intermediate. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the four strains in the case were all ST11-KL64 K. pneumoniae, and the change in resistance phenotype was due to the mutation from bla<sub>KPC-2</sub> to bla<sub>KPC-33</sub>. KPN7 had a total of six plasmids, with siderophore-related genes iucABCD and iutA, and mucoid phenotype-related gene rmpA2 located on plasmid p4-KPN7; resistance genes bla<sub>KPC-33</sub>, bla<sub>TEM-1B</sub>, and bla<sub>CTX-M-65</sub> located on plasmid p5-KPN7; and virulence genes fim, irp, iutA, and ybt located on the chromosome. Biofilm formation and siderophore production assays confirmed that the seven K. pneumoniae strains isolated in this case had strong biofilm formation and siderophore production capabilities. Galleria mellonella Infection Model showed that KPN4 and KPN7 was phenotypically highly virulent and KPN7 performed lower virulence compared to KPN4. Apart from the 4 hv-CRKP strains, other 26 CRKP strains all carried bla<sub>KPC-2</sub>, and 69.2% (18/26) were ST-11 and 30.8%(8/26) were ST-15. And 83.3% (15/18) were ST11-KL64 strains, followed by ST11-KL25 strains 11.1%(2/18) and ST11-KL47 strain 5.6%(1/18). All the eight ST-15 strains were KL-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP clone spread widely in ICU carried numerous resistance and virulence genes, and under antibiotic pressure, they easily underwent mutations resulting in changes in resistance phenotypes, especially in mutations of bla<sub>KPC-2</sub> gene in acquiring r","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Battleground: Unveiling the hidden challenges, current approaches and future perspectives in combating biofilm associated bacterial infections.","authors":"Sandeep Patra, Sumana Saha, Randhir Singh, Nandini Tomar, Pallavi Gulati","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms, either of the same or different species, that adhere to a surface and are encased in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. Quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation are closely linked, as QS genes regulate the development, maturation, and breakdown of biofilms. Inhibiting QS can be utilized as an effective approach to combat the impacts of biofilm infection. The impact of biofilms includes chronic infections, industrial biofouling, infrastructure corrosion, and environmental contamination as well. Therefore, a deep understanding of biofilms is crucial for enhancing public health, advancing industrial processes, safeguarding the environment, and deepening our knowledge of microbial life as well. This review aims to offer a comprehensive examination of challenges posed by bacterial biofilms, contemporary approaches and strategies for effectively eliminating biofilms, including the inhibition of quorum sensing pathways, while also focusing on emerging technologies and techniques for biofilm treatment. In addition, future research is projected to target the challenges associated with the bacterial biofilms, striving to develop new approaches and improve existing strategies for their effective control and eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Evaluation of Salmonella Phage NINP13076 in BALB/c Mice: Histopathological Studies.","authors":"R Naveen Kumar, M V Surekha, S D G Gowthami, A K Aditi, M Satyavani, K Satyanarayana, R Hemalatha, P Uday Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella spp. represent a significant etiological agent of foodborne illnesses and constitute a notable public health challenge on a global scale. Effectively managing Salmonella contamination within the food supply chain is imperative, as it represents a significant threat to public health, potentially leading to severe illnesses with fatal consequences. A novel bio-preservative agent is required to combat Salmonella food contamination during different stages of the food supply chain. Bacteriophages are acknowledged for their safety and recognized for their efficacy in bio-food preservation. Given their consumption together alongside food, it becomes pivotal to assess their potential toxicity concerning the probiotic gut microbiota. In this research, BALB/c mice were employed to evaluate the sub-chronic oral toxicity of bacteriophages targeting Salmonella. Following 28 consecutive days of sub-chronic administration of the Salmonella phage through oral means, histopathological examinations of vital organs, including the lung, kidneys, heart, liver, and intestine, revealed normal organ structures and no significant pathological abnormalities, in both the control and experimental groups. No physical or behavioural change was noticed in the experimental mice. Furthermore, the proliferation of indicative probiotic bacteria persisted unchanged even following a 24-hour incubation with the Salmonella phage. The body weight of both the control and experimental subjects, along with a comparative analysis of urine test results, exhibited no variations. Notably, the phages demonstrated no discernible impact on the probiotic microbiota, specifically the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species isolated from the caecum of both mice that received treatment and those that did not. In untreated animals, the probiotic population (mean log CFU/ml) ranged from 1.9 to 2.4 log and 2.4 to 2.5 log, while in treated mice, it ranged from 2.0 to 2.3 log and 2.3 to 2.4 log for the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, respectively. The results of the investigation indicate that the oral administration of the lytic Salmonella phage showed no observable adverse effects on the animals, indicating an absence of harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel natural and economic approach for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using apple cider vinegar","authors":"Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem ,&nbsp;Eman M. Abouelhassan ,&nbsp;Mostafa Mandour ,&nbsp;Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shawky ,&nbsp;Reham M. Eltarabili","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) constitutes a significant health concern because it promotes infectious mastitis in dairy animals and poses a hazard risk to humans. Controlling MRSA infections is a growing challenge on a global scale because of the bacteria's toxicity and its capacity to develop multidrug resistance (MDR). Combating against MDR bacteria and the spread of infectious diseases needs natural antibacterial alternatives to minimize the economic losses of mastitis. The average treatment cost in Egypt was highlighted. The antibacterial effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) against MDR-MRSA isolates was evaluated, also the study aimed at profiling antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA isolates. The incidence of mastitis in cows was more than in buffaloes, and the average total treatment cost was estimated at 82 million EGP from 2016 to 2021 (around 14 million EGP annually). Of the 22 <em>S. aureus</em> isolates (20 %), of which (59.1 % were from cows and 40.9 % from buffaloes), 19 (86.4 %) were confirmed as MRSA. All MRSA isolates exhibited resistance to clindamycin (94.7 %), then both ampicillin and doxycycline (84.2 %), and ampicillin and sulbactam, erythromycin and Fosfomycin (each, 78.9 %). Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin can be used to treat MRSA. The prevalence of MDR was significantly high, with 94.7 % of the cases having multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. All MRSA isolates tested positive for <em>mec</em>A, 89.5 % for the <em>bla</em>Z gene, 84.2 % for <em>tet</em>M, and 73.4 % for <em>erm</em>B. <em>In vitro</em>, the antibacterial properties of ACV were demonstrated to be superior by our results which demonstrate a zone of inhibition with diameters ranging from 20 to 40 mm detected by Agar well diffusion technique and MIC's (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) ranging from 2 to 4 μg/ml. Some isolates possess MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) values at the same MIC. This research proposes the potential of ACV to act as a promising antibacterial alternative against MRSA. This can help minimize the health problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and improve the efficiency of dairy farms. Further studies are recommended to determine the proper dosage for field administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azithromycin inhibits the intracellular persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii by inducing host cell autophagy in human bronchial epithelial cells.","authors":"Bangbi Weng, Yuliang Li, Wei Feng, Pu Yao, Yu Wang, Qianmei Wang, Xiaowen Wang, Yang Li, Li Li, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasion of host cells by bacteria, leading to intracellular infections, is a major cause of infection recurrence. Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most challenging public health issues worldwide, with very limited clinical treatment options available. A. baumannii has been found to be able to invade host cells and proliferate within them in recent studies. In addition to the direct antimicrobial effect of antibiotics, the activation of host autophagic flux also plays an important role in eliminating intracellular pathogens. Herein, this study aimes to evaluate the clearance effect of antibiotics on intracellular A. baumannii both in vivo and in vitro, and explore the relationship between this effect and autophagy. The results showed that intracellular pathogens resulted in a significant increase in the minimum bactericidal concentration, while azithromycin can significantly eliminate intracellular A. baumannii in vitro and in vivo. Notably, 60 μg/mL azithromycin demonstrated intracellular clearance against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and markedly induced autophagosomes in BEAS-2B cells with a mild stimulation of autophagosomes degradation. These findings indicated that azithromycin can significantly clear intracellular A. baumannii and its ability to clear intracellular A. baumannii may be related to the stimulation of autophagosome formation and the induction of host autophagy, which has important implications for the clinical treatment of A. baumannii infections, especially when intracellular infections are present.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RNA Chaperone Protein ProQ is a pleiotropic regulator in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Alexa Mihaita, Abigail Robinson, Emily Costello, Mary Marino, Zoe Mrozek, Lianna Long, Aidan Fogarty, Marisa Egan, Shantanu Bhatt","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a gastrointestinal pathogen that affects individuals of all age groups, with infections ranging from subclinical colonization to acute or persistent diarrhea. The bacterium's ability to cause diarrhea depends on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. Although regulation of the LEE has been systematically characterized, until the last decade, these studies were limited to transcriptional control. Posttranscriptional regulation of the LEE is an underappreciated and understudied area of gene regulation. In the past few years, multiple reports have shed light on the roles of RNA-binding proteins, such as Hfq and CsrA, that modulate virulence in EPEC. This study was undertaken to explore the role of another RNA chaperone protein, ProQ, in the pathophysiology of EPEC. Our results suggest that deletion of proQ globally derepresses gene expression from the LEE in lysogeny broth (LB) suggesting that ProQ is a negative regulator of the LEE. Further interrogation of the role of ProQ in regulating the LEE-encoded type III secretion system revealed that ProQ globally silences the LEE by downregulating the expression of PerC - a prominent transcriptional activator of the LEE master regulator ler, which, in turn leads to the observed repression from the other LEE operons. Furthermore, ProQ appears to moonlight as it affects other physiological processes including type IV pili biogenesis, flagellar-motility, biofilm formation, tryptophan metabolism, and antibiotic resistance. Our study provides the very first evidence to implicate ProQ as a pleiotropic regulator in EPEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial infections associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Salah Al-Din province, Iraq","authors":"Noor Waleed Al-Alousy,&nbsp;Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial co-infection with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can effect on the clinical appearance of lesions and delay the healing process. The pattern of bacterial pathogens involved has rarely been investigated in Iraq. The aim of present study was to identify the bacterial agents contaminating CL and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics.</div><div>Four hundred cases of CL were diagnosed in Salah El-Din General Hospital, Iraq. A total of 424 ulcer samples obtained from 400 patients of CL were cultured, and all isolates were diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics of colonies, bacterial cells and using biochemical tests.</div><div>No bacterial growth appeared in 124 cases (29.25 %) of the total number of examined ulcer samples, whereas 300 cases (70.75 %) were contaminated. Both Gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>) and Gram-negative bacterial species (<em>Escherichi coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella</em> spp., <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>) were present. The infection with <em>S. aureus</em> represented the highest percentage (26.42 %), while <em>Ps. aeruginosa</em> had the lowest percentage (2.83 %) compared with other bacterial infections. The sensitivity of the isolated bacteria associated with CL was tested against a number of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefixime, Chloramphenlcol, Doxycycline, Tetracycline). Resistance to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Cefixime was generally high. While, Chloramphenicol showed absolute effectiveness against isolated bacteria.</div><div>The results of the current study show that bacterial infections should be considered in diagnosing and treating CL lesions, with Chloramphenicol demonstrating the highest efficiency in treating such bacterial infections. The present study also suggests that hygiene, use of suitable disinfectants, controlling of antibiotic administration and prescription in hospitals and pharmacies must be ensured. In addition, regular surveillance in the endemic area will help control bacterial co-infection and hamper the occurrence of drug-resistant pathogens. The lesion care and management of secondary bacterial infection are essential and anti -leishmanial therapy in CL may be more effective when combined with antibiotics.</div><div>Future molecular studies are needed to identify the species of <em>Leishmania</em> causing CL in Iraq to gain a better understanding of their clinical manifestations (dry or moist ulcers) and their associated bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter systematic review of clinical characteristics, diagnostic optimization, and personalized treatment for brain Nocardia infections","authors":"Jirao Shen ,&nbsp;Bingqian Du ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Liu ,&nbsp;Ziyu Song ,&nbsp;Min Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Qiu ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a systematic review of 512 reported cases of <em>Nocardia</em> brain infections from 2000 to mid-2024. It focuses on analyzing clinical manifestations, radiological findings, bacterial identification methods, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Special attention is given to the differences in outcomes between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients. We also explored personalized treatment approaches by analyzing outcome-related factors through correlation analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Imaging findings commonly showed brain abscesses, lesions, and mass effects, with a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Diagnostic methods using conventional microbiological cultures were less effective compared to advanced molecular diagnostics, which enhanced detection accuracy and reduced time to diagnosis. This review also identifies key factors influencing treatment outcomes, including the timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics, particularly the combination of sulfonamides and β-lactams, as well as the importance of surgical intervention. These findings underscore the necessity of improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to achieve early diagnosis and personalized treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified lipids from Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes down-regulate the pro-inflammatory response and increase the expression of alternative activation markers in macrophages","authors":"Federico Nicolas Penas ,&nbsp;Emanuel Bott ,&nbsp;Alan Brito Carneiro ,&nbsp;Sebastián Andrés López ,&nbsp;Patricia Torres Bozza ,&nbsp;Nora Beatriz Goren ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Gimenez ,&nbsp;María Laura Belaunzarán","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we analyzed the <em>in vitro</em> effect induced by total lipid extracts from <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> amastigotes of RA and K98 strains, which were obtained after overnight incubation (RAinc and K98inc) to mimic phospholipid hydrolytic processes that occurred adjacent to degenerating amastigote nests in tissues of Chagas disease patients. We demonstrated that RAinc and K98inc might possess bioactive lipid molecules with anti-inflammatory bias since they inactivated the NF-κB pathway, in contrast to intact lipids. Moreover, different M1/M2 macrophage phenotype markers of polarization were analyzed by RT-qPCR which evidenced that RAinc and K98inc promoted an increased expression of the M2 markers Arginase-1, IL-10, FIZZ and YM-1, and a decreased expression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. All these results indicate the relevant role of <em>T. cruzi</em> in bioactive lipid molecules, deepening thus our understanding of their contribution to immunomodulatory mechanisms as well as to macrophage polarization that occurs during the course of Chagas disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles fabricated using Fioria vitifolia L. and their Biomedical Potentials.","authors":"Mohamed Imath, Jayant Giri, Faruq Mohammad, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, Jameel Al-Tamimi, Hossan Ebaid","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO NPs using Fioria vitifolia leaf extracts which provides a sustainable and green approach for production of NPs. The produced ZnO NPs were evaluated using various spectrum approaches (UV-vis, FTIR XRD, TEM and EDAX). The synthesized ZnO NPs was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy exhibited a peak at 370 nm. SEM imaging revealed a flash-like and needle-like bottom morphology. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected vibrations corresponding to alcohols, halides, and aromatics functional groups. TEM showed spherical-shaped NPs with an average diameter of 11 nm. XRD analysis exhibited distinct peaks at 2θ values of 31.7°, 34.3°, 36.2°, 47.4°, 56.6°, 62.8°, 66.4°, 67.9°, 69.1°, and 76.8°, corresponding to the crystallographic planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (201), (004), and (202) planes respectively. The antibacterial activity demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against E. coli (17±0.6 mm) and S. aureus (23.7±0.5 mm), and inhibition of biofilm formation in S. aureus and C. albicans. Additionally, S. mutans exhibited the highest sensitivity to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs, with complete inhibition occurring at 7.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, antioxidant DPPH assays exhibited IC₅₀ values of 42 μg/mL. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of ZnO NPs of F. vitifolia were evaluated in-vitro using models utilizing the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method (MSM), and it was shown to have an MSM of 83.87% at 250 μg/mL. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited anticancer activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line with an IC₅₀ value of 35.50 μg/mL. Toxicological evaluation of FV-ZnO nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos indicated low toxicity at maximum concentration. These is first findings suggest that ZnO NPs synthesized from F. vitifolia leaf extracts possess significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Additionally, their low toxicity in zebrafish embryos makes them suitable for further development in antimicrobial therapies with minimal side effects, offering a sustainable, biocompatible solution to tackle multidrug-resistant microbial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}