Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"β-Glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as antiadhesive and immunomodulating polysaccharides against Campylobacterjejuni.","authors":"L Kemper, A Hensel","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of food-borne enteritis worldwide with severe cases of diarrhea and being the third leading cause of death globally. The bacterium strongly colonizes the intestine of poultry without affecting the animals, but leading to severe infections in humans after oral intake of contaminated eggs or undercooked meat. A commercially available β-1,3/1,6-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BGL) was shown to interact with early host-pathogen interactions of C. jejuni to eucaryotic host cells. BGL with a β-1,3-D-glucose backbone and short oligosaccharide glucose side chains (DP4 to 6) at position O-6 of the backbone reduced C. jejuni adhesion to human intestinal Caco-2 cells in a concentration dependent manner (1-1000 μg/mL) up to 45 % within coincubation protocol. Preincubation of either bacteria or host cells with BGL indicated that C. jejuni is significantly impaired in its capability to recognize and to attach to eukaryotic host cells. In contrast, adhesion of untreated C. jejuni to BGL-pretreated host cells remains unchanged. Cellular viability of host cells and proliferation of the bacteria are not significantly influenced by BGL. Beside reduced adhesion to Caco-2 cells, BGL treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly stimulated phagocytosis of fluorescent-labeled zymosan particles as well as internalization of C. jejuni. Interestingly, BGL reduced also the bacterial adhesion to the macrophages, but phagocytosis of the bacteria is strongly stimulated. The observed effects of yeast glucans could prove beneficial for protecting intestinal cells from C. jejuni infection by inhibition of bacterial adhesion and by increased and faster elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of CTX-M-65 ESBL gene in Morocco: Evidence of transcontinental transmission linked to commercial exchange.","authors":"Oumaima Fazza, Bouchra Karraouane, Germán Kopprio, Brahim Bouchrif, Houda Ennassiri, Mireille Favard Ennachachibi, Abdelaziz Hmyene","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aimed to determine the occurrence of genes encoding antibacterial resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates recovered from poultry products.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>ology: Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disc diffusion method, and then resistance genes and virulence profiles were determined by whole-genome analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 154 poultry products, 96 (62.34 %) were E. coli. Two isolates were positive to the test of synergy between the clavulanic acid and the third generation of cephalosporin (C3G) and showed a high level of resistance to penicillins and fluoroquinolones. Besides, the isolate E2 was notably resistant to tobramycine, tigecycline, aztreonam, and chloramphenicol. Whole-genome screening showed the presence of ESBL genes, namely, blaCTX-M-65, blaEC-15, blaTEM-1, and quinolone resistance genes gyrA_S83L and parC_S80I, in addition to other resistance genes. The virulence profile did not show the presence of either of the Shiga toxin genes stx1 and sxt2; nevertheless, other virulence factors were detected, such as cvaC; responsible for the production of colicin V and iroABCDEN genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results alert us about the hygienic state of poultry products and the increasing level of antibacterial resistance, and pose a potential risk that could be caused by the transmission of the antimicrobial resistance to humans through the consumption of food products, leading to a reduction of the available antibiotic treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin microbiome of Asian elephants with skin diseases during seasonal transitions.","authors":"Junmin Chen, Zixian Chen, Bo Xu, Zunxi Huang, Chengbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), which are an endangered species, often suffer from skin diseases during seasonal transitions, which seriously affect their health. Understanding the pathogenesis of such skin diseases is critical for their prevention and treatment. It is known that skin microorganisms are closely related to host skin health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the microbiotas and microbiomes of diseased and healthy skin of Asian elephants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was extracted from skin swab samples from diseased and healthy Asian elephants for metagenomic sequencing. Various bioinformatic tools were used to process the raw sequencing data and identify gene sequences for functional annotation and species identification as well as to determine species abundance. Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors were also identified using DIAMOND.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staphylococcus was highly enriched in the microbiota of diseased skin, whereas Leuconostoc predominated in that of healthy skin. Moreover, substantial differences existed between the two elephant skin groups in terms of metabolic pathways related to ATP-binding cassette transporters and TCSs and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and Staphylococcus-associated toxins. The substantial difference in Staphylococcus-related virulence factors was likely due to the significant enrichment of Staphylococcus in the diseased skin samples, suggesting that this bacterial genus is the causative agent of skin diseases in Asian elephants. Additionally, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which was enriched in the healthy skin samples, has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and other beneficial effects that have promising applications in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of skin diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the cause of skin diseases in Asian elephants and provides a theoretical basis for improving the skin health of wild animals and expanding wildlife conservation methods and technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico and experimental analysis of ribosomal proteins expressions in SARS-cov-2 patients.","authors":"Farnaz Vafanezhad, Shiva Ansari Astaneh, Zahra Rashvand, Nematollah Gheibi, Seyyed Reza Mousavi, Ali Abdi, Azam Janati Esfahani, Hossein Ahmadpour-Yazdi, Hajie Lotfi","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expression levels of ribosomal proteins (RPs), selected based on microarray data, were analyzed in severe and mild infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 virus. qRT-PCR (Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) was performed to measure gene expression levels. Significant down-regulation was observed in RPL27a (-0.75 ± 2.95 in severe vs. -1.71 ± 1.91 in mild), RPL26 (0.021 ± 2.12 in severe vs. -1.23 ± 2.06 in mild), and RPL14 (-1.51 ± 1.9 in severe vs. -0.79 ± 1.5 in mild) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the expression of RPL23 (-1.6 ± 3.4 in severe vs. -2.0 ± 2.69 in mild) and RPL31 (-2.5 ± 1.77 in severe vs. -2.09 ± 2.41 in mild). A significant correlation was identified between RPL26, RPL14, and RPL27a in mild patients, while RPL23 correlated with RPL31 and RPL27a in severe patients. These findings confirm the involvement of ribosomal proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infections in both severe and mild cases, suggesting their influence on the severity of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beneficial role of probiotics and gut microbiota in signaling pathways, immunity, apoptosis, autophagy, and intestinal barrier for effective wound healing post-burn injury.","authors":"Roya Hajialibabaei, Fatemeh Ghaffarian Sayeli, Esmat Aghadavood, Mohsen Poudineh, Azad Khaledi, Khadijeh Bamneshin","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe burn injuries are associated with complex systemic disturbances, including profound immune dysregulation, compromised intestinal barrier function, and alterations in gut microbiota composition-factors that collectively contribute to impair wound healing and increased mortality. While broad-spectrum antibiotics are routinely employed to combat infection, their use may inadvertently aggravate mucosal barrier dysfunction and facilitate bacterial translocation. Emerging evidence underscores the potential of probiotics in restoring intestinal homeostasis and enhancing immune responses in critically ill populations; however, their application within the context of burn care remains insufficiently studied. This review seeks to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the therapeutic utility of probiotic supplementation in supporting gastrointestinal barrier integrity, attenuating inflammatory responses, and facilitating post-burn recovery. A comprehensive narrative review of relevant literature was performed via PubMed and Google Scholar, targeting studies involving microbiota, probiotics, and burn trauma. Probiotic strains, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been shown to modulate cytokine profiles, boost secretory IgA production, enhance epithelial regeneration, and influence key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, which are integral to regulating apoptosis and autophagy. Experimental models indicate that probiotics can decrease bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation, reinforce tight junction architecture, and elevate short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Notably, probiotic administration in burn models has resulted in up to a 75 % reduction in infection-related mortality and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses via IL-10 and Th1 pathway activation. Moreover, adjunctive use of probiotics in topical formulations has shown efficacy in promoting wound healing in both diabetic and surgical settings. Collectively, these findings highlight the promise of probiotics as a complementary therapeutic approach in burn management, offering multifaceted benefits in reducing infection, supporting tissue regeneration, and improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV16 E6 and Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 proteins inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis through Daxx-mediated MDM2-p53 pathway.","authors":"Yaqi Liao, Ranzhong Chen, Erqun Tang, Shuangyang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>As a common pathogen of sexually transmitted diseases, Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) may be a cofactor in the progression of cervical cancer induced by persistent HPV infection, but its molecular mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore whether HPV16 E6 and C. trachomatis Pgp3 proteins inhibit apoptosis through the Daxx-mediated MDM2-p53 pathway, in order to reveal the potential mechanism of their synergistic effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HeLa cell model was used to analyze the effects of HPV16 E6 and Pgp3 proteins on Daxx expression and the MDM2-p53 pathway, combined with interfering with Daxx, TNF-α-induced apoptosis assay and Nutlin-3a treatment to validate the function of key molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPV16 E6 and C. trachomatis Pgp3 proteins can upregulate the expression of Daxx proteins individually or synergistically, and the inhibitory on TNF-α-induced apoptosis may be superimposed. Interference with Daxx partially reversed the apoptosis inhibition of HPV16 E6 and Pgp3, suggesting that it may act by promoting MDM2 phosphorylation and p53 degradation. Moreover, Nutlin-3a treatment can attenuate the apoptosis inhibitory of HPV16 E6 and Pgp3, further supporting the involvement of MDM2-p53 pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that HPV16 E6 and C. trachomatis Pgp3 proteins can inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis through Daxx-mediated MDM2-p53 pathway, which may provide a mechanistic foundation for the study of HPV16 and C. trachomatis co-infection on cervical cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the mechanisms of drug resistance of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis.","authors":"Muhammad Sikandar, Li Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has developed different mechanism of action against antimicrobial drug therapies, posing a significant threat to effective treatment against Mtb. This review article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the mechanism of drug resistance in Mtb and highlights how drugs target specific cellular processes. Additionally, we also discuss the intrinsic resistance mechanisms employed by Mtb and how alterations in drug target sites contribute to treatment failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-based assessment of antimicrobial resistance, virulence-associated genes, and prophage diversity across clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates in the south of Tunisia.","authors":"Sonia Ktari, Fahmi Smaoui, Boutheina Ksibi, Sonda Maalej, Faouzia Rhimi, Simon Le Hello, Adnene Hammami","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Among its various lineages, the DT104 strain is particularly notable for its high level of antimicrobial resistance, making it a significant global concern. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genomic features of clinical S. Typhimurium DT104, and we compared them to non-DT104 strains recovered from southern Tunisia between 2000 and 2013. Among 88 S. Typhimurium isolates, 39.8 % were definitive type DT104. Antimicrobial resistome analysis revealed clinically significant genes including bla_CARB-2, bla_TEM-1B, aadA2, sul1, sul2, tet(G), floR, dfrA5, and biocide resistance gene qacEΔ1. β-lactams resistance in DT104 and non-DT104 strains was associated with bla_CARB-2 (91 %) and bla_TEM-1 (34 %) genes, respectively. Resistance mutations in GyrA (D87N or S83R) were identified in three isolates with reduced susceptibility to nalidixic acid. Among 10 intact prophages, the main prophages detected were Gifsy_1 (96.6 %), and Gifsy_2 (95.5 %). Virulence gene screening suggested that DT104 is not more pathogenic than non-DT104 isolates. Furthermore, virulence plasmid genes were identified in approximately 95 % of isolates. Ten Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) encoding virulence factors were detected in all isolates except SPI-14 and CS54_island. SNP analysis revealed clade-specific missense mutations within plasmid virulence, SPI-1, SPI-2, and fimbriae genes. Genomic characterization sheds light on the diversity of genetic elements contributing to clinical S. Typhimurium strains' pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance from Tunisia. Therefore, continuous genomic surveillance is an important tool for preserving human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of furobenzopyran from Ammi visnaga in disrupting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and suppressing associated virulence factors.","authors":"Rajendra Moorthy Rajendran, Parthiban Brindha Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ammi visnaga, an herbal plant containing the furobenzopyran derivative (khellin) with therapeutic effects, remains unexplored for its potential to disrupt the biofilm formation and suppress the virulence factors mediated through the Las quorum-sensing system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The current study investigates the efficacy of khellin in inhibiting biofilm formation, suppressing biofilm-associated virulence factors at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) levels of ≤9 μg/mL, and its interactions with LasR are evaluated through molecular docking and dynamics simulation. In-silico analysis using the 'aBiofilm' web tool predicted a strong antibiofilm potential for khellin, with no prior reports of such activity. This prediction was supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which demonstrated significant biofilm inhibition at 9 μg/mL, along with noticeable microbial distortion. Further assessments showed that sub-MIC levels of khellin effectively reduced biofilm-associated virulence factors, including swimming and swarming motility, rhamnolipid content, cell surface hydrophobicity, alginate, and exopolysaccharide production, in a dose-dependent manner, though the extent of inhibition varied among these factors. Molecular docking analysis yielded a score of -7.285 kcal/mol, indicating a favorable binding, and 'Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area' binding free energy of -28.32 kcal/mol confirms a stable and energetically favorable interaction with the target protein. The stability of the khellin-protein complex was validated through a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation using the 'Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations-All Atom' force field model. Results of root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration, intramolecular hydrogen bonds, molecular surface area, solvent accessible surface area, and polar surface area confirmed that khellin maintained stable interactions throughout the simulation. These findings suggest khellin as a potential candidate for treating Pseudomonas-associated biofilm infections and provide strong evidence that khellin may function as a quorum-sensing inhibitor of the P.aeruginosa's LasR protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Cytomegalovirus-IE1 induces neonate liver injury in transgenic mouse.","authors":"Guanghui Song, Shuo Han, Xianjuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant contributor to liver damage in infants and children. HCMV-encoded IE1 protein plays an important role in viral replication and disease progression. To investigate the effects IE1 on neonate liver, the transgenic mouse model (IE1 mice) and transcriptome sequencing were performed. The results showed that compared to wild-type mice, IE1 can cause liver injury by affecting drug metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and retinol metabolism. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes family play a crucial role in liver metabolism disorder of IE1 mice. Combined with the results of the PPI analysis and qRT-PCR validation, Cyp4f39, Cyp3a44, and Cyp3a11 may be the key genes of IE1 causing liver injury. Overall, our study highlights the potential harmful effects of the HCMV IE1 protein on the neonatal liver, offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying liver injury associated with congenital HCMV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}