Unraveling rice defense against bacterial blight: Molecular pathways, resistance genes and breeding perspectives

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Microbial pathogenesis Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108128

Zukhruf Tauqeer , Arfa Tauqeer , Saima Parveen Memon , Muhammad Usama Younas , Guangda Wang , Waqar Islam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.), threatening food security across major rice-growing regions, particularly in Asia. The pathogen is known for its rapid transmission, high mutation rate, and ability to cause yield losses of up to 40 to 50 percent under favorable conditions. Developing and deploying resistant rice varieties remains the most effective strategy for disease management. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying rice immunity to Xoo, focusing on the two major defense layers: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We categorize and analyze 44 reported bacterial blight resistance (R) genes, detailing their structure, classification, and regulatory roles in immune signaling. Furthermore, we highlight advances in the identification, functional characterization, and breeding applications of these genes. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future prospects in engineering durable resistance through a deeper understanding of host–pathogen interactions and integrated immune responses. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and breeders working toward sustainable control of rice bacterial blight.

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水稻对白叶枯病的防御：分子途径、抗性基因和育种前景。

由米黄单胞菌引起的细菌性枯萎病。稻瘟病（oryzae, Xoo）是影响水稻（Oryza sativa L.）的最具破坏性的病害之一，威胁着主要水稻种植区，特别是亚洲的粮食安全。众所周知，这种病原体传播迅速，突变率高，在有利条件下能造成高达40%至50%的产量损失。开发和部署抗病水稻品种仍然是疾病管理最有效的策略。本文从模式触发免疫（pattern-triggered immunity， PTI）和效应触发免疫（efftor -triggered immunity， ETI）两大防御层综述了水稻对Xoo免疫的分子机制。我们分类和分析了44个报道的细菌枯萎病抗性(R)基因，详细介绍了它们的结构、分类和在免疫信号传导中的调节作用。此外，我们重点介绍了这些基因的鉴定、功能表征和育种应用方面的进展。最后，我们通过对宿主-病原体相互作用和综合免疫反应的深入了解，讨论了工程持久抗性的当前挑战和未来前景。本文旨在为水稻白叶枯病的可持续防治研究提供有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Microbial pathogenesis 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

2.60%

发文量

472

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Microbial Pathogenesis publishes original contributions and reviews about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of infectious diseases. It covers microbiology, host-pathogen interaction and immunology related to infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. It also accepts papers in the field of clinical microbiology, with the exception of case reports. Research Areas Include: -Pathogenesis -Virulence factors -Host susceptibility or resistance -Immune mechanisms -Identification, cloning and sequencing of relevant genes -Genetic studies -Viruses, prokaryotic organisms and protozoa -Microbiota -Systems biology related to infectious diseases -Targets for vaccine design (pre-clinical studies)