Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"L-cysteine inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of Alternaria alternata via disrupting cell membrane integrity and compromising cell wall structure","authors":"Wendan Qu ,&nbsp;Canying Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Fang ,&nbsp;Meilin Wei ,&nbsp;Yonghong Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Alternaria alternata</em>, a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus, is the causative agent of black spot decay in postharvest fruit and vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of L-cysteine (Cys) on the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> growth of <em>A. alternata</em> and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Results showed that Cys effectively alleviated the postharvest black spot disease of ‘Zaosu’ pear fruit. Cys at various concentrations distinctly suppressed both conidial germination and mycelial growth of <em>A. alternata</em>, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.0 g L⁻¹. Moreover, 1.0 g L⁻¹ Cys reduced the relative conductivity of the cell membrane, which led to increased leakage of nucleic acids, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, as well as elevated malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, Cys distinctly down-regulated the transcription levels of multiple genes involved in β-1,3-glucan metabolism, chitin, ergosterol, phosphatidylcholine, and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin synthesis, including <em>AaHxk</em>, <em>AaPgm</em>, <em>AaUgp</em>, <em>AaRHO1</em>, <em>AaGS</em>, <em>AaPagm</em>, <em>AaUap</em>, <em>AaCHS2/3/4/5/6</em>, <em>AaERG1/3/6/9/11/26</em>, <em>AaPsd</em>, <em>AaPem1/2</em>, <em>AaCct</em>, <em>AaCki</em>, <em>AaPKS</em>, <em>Aa4HNR</em>, <em>Aa3HNR</em>, <em>AaSCD</em>, and <em>AaLac</em>. Conversely, it enhanced the transcription levels of <em>Aaβ-1,3-glu</em>. Our findings suggest that Cys compromised the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane, thereby suppressing the growth of <em>A. alternata</em> and demonstrating promising effects against black spot disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of Clostridium perfringens of animal origin","authors":"Kumaragurubaran Karthik ,&nbsp;Subbaiyan Anbazhagan ,&nbsp;Prasad Thomas ,&nbsp;Seeralan Manoharan","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridium perfringens</em>, a ubiquitous organism that has zoonotic potential, is associated with enteric diseases in humans and various animals, largely due to its potent toxin production and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The present study involved whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of four <em>C. perfringens</em> isolates (from pig, dog, and cattle) collected in Tamil Nadu, India, along with 133 global strains of animal origin. The phylogenomic analysis revealed six major clusters and no correlation associated with geographic origin or host were observed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) defined sequence types (STs) of two Indian isolates (ST126 and ST200) whereas the remaining two isolates were novel., Pangenome analysis indicated an open genome structure, with 18.28 % core genes and 81.72 % accessory genes. Virulent gene profiling identified widespread presence of <em>plc</em>, <em>pfoA</em>, and <em>cpe</em>, especially among dog isolates, suggesting potential zoonotic risks. wgMLST and MST analysis showed clustering of toxinotype F isolates from dogs and higher genetic diversity for other toxintypess. AMR gene analysis revealed tetracycline resistance as the most prevalent, with several strains harbouring multidrug resistance genes. This study underscores the genetic diversity, adaptive evolution, and One Health significance of <em>C. perfringens</em> in animals and highlights the importance of genomics in understanding host-specific virulence and resistance patterns for effective disease surveillance and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Listeria mechanisms, safety, and predictive modeling of Lacticaseibacillus casei UTMB9: Probiotic profiling targeting virulence gene expression and biofilm formation","authors":"Pegah Namazi ,&nbsp;Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Noshad ,&nbsp;Alireza Vasiee ,&nbsp;Morteza Taki ,&nbsp;Hossein Joyandeh","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing interest in probiotics due to their potential to confer health benefits. This study aimed to explore the potential probiotic characteristics, gene expression linked to biofilm formation, and <em>anti</em>-biofilm properties of <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> UTMB9. <em>L. casei</em> UTMB9 tolerates acidic environments, with survival rates of 6.90, 7.59, and 7.96 log CFU/mL at pH 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5, respectively, and exhibits slight growth inhibition under bile concentrations up to 0.7 %. Viability declined modestly from 8.51 to 6.61 log colony forming unit (CFU)/mL under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Surface hydrophobicity (40.89 %), auto-aggregation (30.9 %), co-aggregation (40.81 %), and adhesion (11.89 %) support its adherence potential. Antimicrobial assays showed most potent inhibition against <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (9.70 mm) versus <em>E. coli</em> (4.74 mm). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed pronounced damage to <em>L. monocytogenes</em> cells after exposure to cell-free supernatant (CFS), accompanied by significant downregulation of <em>prfA</em> and <em>flaA</em>, and marked antibiofilm suppression. It also demonstrated antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 43.58 %, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 47.47 %, linoleic acid oxidation inhibition 30.28 %) and moderate anticancer activity (IC₅₀ ≈ 55–62 mg/mL). The strain reduced cholesterol uptake by 41.9 %, was broadly antibiotic-sensitive (except for partial resistance to ampicillin), and lacked biogenic amine production, DNase, or hemolytic activity. In the second part of this study, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was used to predict acidity and bile salt. GPR accurately predicted acidity and bile tolerance (MAPE = 0.22 % and 0.18 %; R² ≥ 0.99). These findings position <em>L. casei</em> as a promising probiotic agent with robust antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and predictive model-supported features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oxyR negatively regulates processing stress resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7 by reducing ROS scavenging capacity.","authors":"Na Lü, Zhengrong Yang, Chenglin Du, Jiaye Wan, Jingsheng Gan, Ziyi Zhang, Yajing Kong, Hui Yang, Xiaolin Cai, Shuhao Zeng, Chao Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escherichia coli O157:H7 has the ability to withstand a wide range of environmental stresses, making it a major challenge to eradicate in the food industry and a threat to food safety. In this study, the effect of oxyR on the ability of E. coli O157:H7 to resist environmental stress was investigated. Firstly, oxyR knockout, complementation and overexpression strains of E. coli O157:H7 were constructed and analysed the survival of wild and mutant strains under conditions of acid, heat, oxidative and osmotic stress. The findings indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, oxyR mainly regulated the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to oxidative stress, with less effect on the ability to resist osmotic stress, and did not affect the acid stress resistance and heat stress resistance. The role of oxyR in antioxidant stress was then analysed by assessing ROS, MDA levels, cell membrane damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in the four strains under oxidative stress. The results showed that the deletion of gene oxyR reduced the ROS concentration by 54.00±1.24%, the MDA content of oxyR overexpression strain increased to 0.78±0.03 nmol/mL, the overexpression of gene oxyR suffered more severe cell membrane damage (67.83±1.22% for minor damage and 28.88±1.13% for severe damage), and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px (P<0.05), as compared with the wild strain. This study suggests that oxyR regulates bacterial resistance to oxidative stress by affecting intracellular ROS, cell membrane integrity and antioxidant enzyme activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"108065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct microbiome variation in children and adults following RSV infection and its association with host response.","authors":"Qi Wang, Yulin Zhang, Xiaoxuan Yao, Chun Wang, Shibin Chen, Bo Liu, Lin Sun, Xiaohui Zou, Bin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rates are higher in children than in adults, which may be related to differences in respiratory microbiota composition. The relationship between differences in the pharyngeal microbiome and the host immune response in adults and children infected with RSV remains unclear. This study aims to investigate changes in the microbiota of RSV-infected adult and pediatric patients receiving inpatient and outpatient care, and to explore their relationship with the host immune response. A total of 223 participants were enrolled in the study, including 30 adult RSV patients, 92 pediatric RSV patients, 51 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients, and 50 healthy controls. Throat swabs were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and transcriptome analysis. We found that the abundance of oral anaerobes (Prevotella and Veillonella) was higher in pediatric inpatients compared to pediatric outpatients. Differences in pharyngeal microbiome composition were observed between pediatric inpatients and outpatients, while not in adult patients. More differentially expressed genes were observed between pediatric inpatients and outpatients than in adults, primarily related to neutrophil chemotaxis and migration pathways. Furthermore, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were positively correlated with the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11 in pediatric inpatients, suggesting a potential link with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory responses in these patients. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the associations between the host transcriptome and microbiome in the context of RSV infection, which may provide insights into factors related to the increased pathogenicity observed in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"108075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden threat: Unveiling the rise of antifungal drug resistance","authors":"Renu Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Zoozeal Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal pathogens are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global health, particularly for individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer or HIV/AIDS. Current antifungal treatments are limited and the development of new therapies has been slow due to the similarities between fungi and humans, limiting drug target options. The rise of drug-resistant strains, has led health organizations to classify antifungal resistance (AFR) as a critical global issue. AFR can develop through various mechanisms including change in drug target, enhanced activity of efflux pumps, and activation of cellular stress response, all of which reduce the effectiveness of standard antifungal therapies. This resistance develop either during antifungal treatment as a result of genetic mutations or through environmental exposure, especially in agriculture where azole based fungicides are extensively used. Despite its rising impact on global health, AFR has not received the same attention as bacterial resistance, highlighting the need for more effective surveillance and control measures. This review discusses the molecular and environmental factors contributing to AFR and highlights various strategies to combat it, such as use of combination therapies, targeting fungal virulence factors and advancements in diagnostic and surveillance system. In addition, the development of novel antifungal drugs, evaluation of immune-based therapies, better education, and training of healthcare professional are vital for effectively managing and mitigating AFR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral effects and mechanism of fully phosphorothioate-modified CpG-ODN 2216 in fish and human cell lines in vitro","authors":"Hee-Jae Choi ,&nbsp;Jung-Soo Seo ,&nbsp;Jun Soung Kwak ,&nbsp;Jun-Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Yue Jai Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral pathogens cause considerable economic losses to the aquaculture industry. However, effective therapeutic options are limited. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are immune-stimulating agents with potential antiviral properties, but their application as therapeutics is underexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of fully phosphorothioate-modified CpG-ODN 2216 (dODN 2216) in fish and human cell lines. Gene expression was assessed using semi-quantitative PCR and qPCR, and viral replication was measured using plaque assay and qRT-PCR. dODN 2216 induced a novel “gene lockdown” effect by rapidly suppressing the mRNA expression of both housekeeping and immune-related genes across various cell lines (KTS, EPC, and A549). This effect was specific to dODN 2216 and its analogue dODN 2243 and was not observed in other CpG-ODNs. Lockdown began within 0.5 h, lasted for 6 h and persisted for several days before gene expression gradually recovered. dODN 2216 effectively inhibited VHSV replication in EPC cells <em>in vitro,</em> resulting in significantly reduced PFUs and increased cell viability. In SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero-E6 cells, dODN 2216 showed an IC50 of 7 μM with relatively low cytotoxicity, suggesting broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Structural modifications of CpG-ODNs can generate antiviral mechanisms beyond TLR9-mediated immune stimulation. The gene lockdown effect of dODN 2216 represents a novel antiviral mechanism that demonstrated potent <em>in vitro</em> activity against both fish and human viruses. These findings suggest potential broad-spectrum antiviral applications in aquaculture and human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals a novel LysR regulator's role in Burkholderia pseudomallei host-pathogen interaction","authors":"Maryam Shawkee Ashraf,&nbsp;Shu Sian How,&nbsp;Sylvia Chieng","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for melioidosis, a life-threatening disease endemic to Southeast Asia. LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are known key regulators of bacterial pathogenesis and metabolism, yet many remain uncharacterized. This study investigates the function of UKMD286_5923, a novel LTTR, in <em>B. pseudomallei</em> UKMD286. We constructed a deletion mutant and performed transcriptomic analysis via RNA sequencing. This analysis identified 67 differentially expressed genes, with 45 genes upregulated and 22 genes downregulated in the mutant compared to the wild-type. Functional enrichment analysis of these genes highlighted significant roles in metabolism, transport and secretion system. To further characterize the phenotypic impact of the gene deletion, we conducted biofilm formation and plaque assays. Biofilm formation assays showed increased biofilm production in the mutant, suggesting a regulatory role in bacterial adhesion. Plaque assays revealed reduced plaque formation in the mutant, indicating impaired host cell invasion. These findings collectively suggest that UKMD286_5923 influences genes essential for bacterial survival and host-pathogen interaction, including components of the Type III secretion system. Understanding the function of this regulator enhances our knowledge of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> pathogenesis and may contribute to future diagnostic and treatment strategies for melioidosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of nitrite exposure and recovery on the intestinal organization, physiological indices, and microbial diversity of Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Xuenan Li ,&nbsp;Huici Yang ,&nbsp;Simin You ,&nbsp;Nauman Khan ,&nbsp;Xilin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrite constitutes a critical factor that constrains the growth and survival of shrimp. In the present investigation, we examined the dynamic alterations in intestinal tissue structure, physiological responses, and bacterial community composition due to nitrite exposure and subsequent recovery. Our findings indicated that short-term exposure to nitrite resulted in a significant reduction (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase, accompanied by a notable increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the activity of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore the activities of the immune-related enzymes acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase exhibited significant declines (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were significantly elevated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in order to provide energy for the shrimp's response to nitrite exposure. After recovery treatment, all enzyme activities progressively reverted to baseline control level. The exposure to nitrite inflicted a certain degree of damage to the intestinal tissue, resulting in the apparent shedding of the intestinal villi. After a recovery period of 48 h, the intestinal villi instigated a gradual restoration to their normal condition. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that nitrite exposure resulted in significant alterations in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, evidenced by a marked reduction in the Ace index and the Shannon index (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, at the genus level, an increase in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as <em>Vibrio,</em> was observed after exposure, disrupting the functional integrity and stability of the shrimp intestinal microbiota to some extent. After 48 h of recovery, the dominant genus essentially recuperated to a level comparable to those of the control group. In addition, it was found that <em>Nannocystis</em> and <em>Chromobacterium</em> may assume crucial roles in the restoration of intestinal homeostasis. These findings provide a significant theoretical foundation for understanding the impacts of nitrite exposure and subsequent recovery on intestinal tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Feilike mixture targeting the STAT1-NLRP3 axis represses the pyroptosis of epithelial cells to alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia\" [Microb. Pathogenesis. 206 (2025) 107754].","authors":"Chen Huang, Yanbin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"108066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}