Analysis of chemical composition, antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties, and cytotoxicity of essential oils from four plant fruits

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Microbial pathogenesis Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108133

Xu-Dong Wang , Jia-Li Bai , Zhen-Jia Ma , Jie Fan , Wei-Bao Kong , Jun-Long Wang , Ji Zhang , Jun-Yu Liang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Amid growing concerns about milk safety and antimicrobial resistance, the development of antibiotic alternatives for bovine mastitis has become increasingly important. Essential oils (EOs) derived from the fruits of four medicinal plants were extracted using steam distillation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed distinct chemical profiles: Wurfbainia vera EO (WvEO, 84.00 % eucalyptol), Cnidium monnieri EO (37.47 % d-limonene/34.49 % α-pinene), Alpinia oxyphylla EO (51.64 % o-cymene), and Lanxangia tsao-ko EO (LtEO, 50.02 % eucalyptol). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that both WvEO and LtEO inhibited key pathogens associated with bovine mastitis, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Notably, LtEO exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (1.875–7.5 mg/mL). When combined, WvEO and LtEO showed synergistic antibacterial activity. Antioxidant activity assays further indicated that LtEO possessed stronger antioxidant capacity than WvEO, while the two oils together produced synergistic antioxidant effects (combination index <1). Cytotoxicity testing in bovine mammary epithelial cells revealed that LtEO had a superior safety profile (EC₅₀: 0.091 vs 0.531 mg/mL). Molecular docking analysis confirmed strong binding affinities between EO components and critical targets, including dihydrofolate reductase, glutathione reductase, and lipoxygenase. Taken together, these findings highlight WvEO and LtEO as promising phytotherapeutic candidates for the prevention and management of bovine mastitis.

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四种植物果实精油的化学成分、抗菌活性、抗氧化性能和细胞毒性分析

在对牛奶安全和抗菌素耐药性的日益关注中，开发奶牛乳腺炎的抗生素替代品变得越来越重要。采用水蒸气蒸馏法从四种药用植物的果实中提取精油。气相色谱-质谱分析显示其化学成分不同：乌桕EO （WvEO， 84.00%桉树油）、蛇床子EO （37.47% d-柠檬烯/ 34.49% α-蒎烯）、木叶Alpinia EO （51.64% o-花仙花油）和蓝仙草EO（51.2%桉树油）。抗菌试验表明，WvEO和LtEO都能抑制与牛乳腺炎相关的主要病原体，包括大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、无乳链球菌和无乳链球菌。值得注意的是，LtEO具有较低的最低抑制浓度（1.875 ~ 7.5 mg/mL）。当WvEO和LtEO联合使用时，它们表现出协同抗菌活性。抗氧化活性测定进一步表明，LtEO具有比WvEO更强的抗氧化能力，两种油共同具有协同抗氧化作用（联合指数<；1）。对牛乳腺上皮细胞的细胞毒性试验表明，LtEO具有较好的安全性（EC50: 0.091 vs 0.531 mg/mL）。分子对接分析证实了EO组分与关键靶点（包括二氢叶酸还原酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和脂氧合酶）之间的强结合亲和力。综上所述，这些发现突出了WvEO和lto作为预防和管理牛乳腺炎的有希望的植物治疗候选者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Microbial pathogenesis 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

2.60%

发文量

472

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Microbial Pathogenesis publishes original contributions and reviews about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of infectious diseases. It covers microbiology, host-pathogen interaction and immunology related to infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. It also accepts papers in the field of clinical microbiology, with the exception of case reports. Research Areas Include: -Pathogenesis -Virulence factors -Host susceptibility or resistance -Immune mechanisms -Identification, cloning and sequencing of relevant genes -Genetic studies -Viruses, prokaryotic organisms and protozoa -Microbiota -Systems biology related to infectious diseases -Targets for vaccine design (pre-clinical studies)