Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of biosynthesized Ag/AgO NPs against Candida albicans and Candida auris","authors":"Reem Abdulaziz Saleh Alsagaby,&nbsp;Mohammad Azam Ansari,&nbsp;Eman Mohammed Alsulami,&nbsp;Suriya Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Candida auris</em> are the emerging fungal pathogens having implication on hospital outbreaks and a lead cause for septicemia with increased mortality rates. The integration of green-synthesized nanoparticles with existing antifungal therapies offers a transformative approach in managing these infections. This study focuses on <em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> inflorescence mediated synthesis of Ag/AgO NPs for investigating their antifungal, antibiofilm, and antivirulence action. The obtained Ag/AgO NPs, 19 nm in size and mainly spherical in shape were characterized by UV-Spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM and DLS. The MIC values obtained for <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>C. auris</em> were found to be 62.5 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the synthesized NPs displayed significant <em>anti</em>-biofilm properties, reducing biofilm tested on glass tubes by 80 % at 62.5 μg/ml. The microscopic analysis showed, Ag/AgO NPs significantly inhibits the colonization and adhesions of biofilm on glass surfaces on treatment at different concentration as well as significantly inhibited the germ tube formation and disrupted the established biofilm for both Candida strains. The morphogenesis of candida from yeast to hyphae and vice-versa was also substantially inhibited at all tested concentration of Ag/AgO NPs. SEM investigation depicted, Ag/AgO NPs significantly damaged the cell membrane and cell wall that led to the loss of cell integrity that finally caused the cell death. The obtained activity of green synthesized Ag/AgO NPs, to inhibit the biofilm formation and germ tube formation as well as hyphae to yeast and yeast to hyphae transition, suggests their potential use in combination with existing antifungal drugs for the better treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroid Prednisolone and flavonoid Chrysin as drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 replication: Computational and experimental findings","authors":"Akash Kumar ,&nbsp;Radhika Khatter ,&nbsp;Aditya Trivedi ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar ,&nbsp;Preeti Hooda ,&nbsp;Mohammad K. Parvez ,&nbsp;Neha Sinha ,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Vrati ,&nbsp;Dharmender Gupta ,&nbsp;Krishna Kishore Inampudi ,&nbsp;Deepak Sehgal","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new variants have resulted in mutations in the Spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD), enhancing its binding affinity to the ACE2 receptor and increasing viral transmissibility. This study aims to identify inhibitors that can disrupt the Spike-ACE2 interaction, potentially preventing viral entry and immune evasion. The selected compounds may emerge as putative drugs following further studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>FDA-approved compounds were screened using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify potential inhibitors of the Spike-ACE2 interaction. The most promising candidates were further validated through in vitro assays, including sandwich ELISA and Microscale Thermophoresis, to assess their ability to reduce Spike-ACE2 complex formation. The shortlisted compounds were tested in a cell-based viral culture system to evaluate their impact on SARS-CoV-2 replication.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten compounds were initially identified as potential inhibitors. Further in vitro validation narrowed the selection to five compounds that significantly reduced the formation of the Spike-ACE2 complex. Among them, Chrysin (a flavonoid) and Prednisolone (a corticosteroid) demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing the interaction, with IC₅₀ values of 1.93 μM and 13.27 μM, respectively. Compounds could inhibit virus replication in the culture.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chrysin and Prednisolone emerged as the most effective inhibitors of the Spike-ACE2 interaction. Their potential to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication suggests they could be valuable therapeutic candidates. Further studies, including animal model evaluations, are needed to explore their clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Plumbago europaea L. extracts: HPLC profiling and molecular docking analysis against pathogenic strains","authors":"Faiza El Hajli ,&nbsp;Said Chakir ,&nbsp;Saoussan Annemer ,&nbsp;Amine Assouguem ,&nbsp;Nabil Ghabbour ,&nbsp;A.M. Raut ,&nbsp;Mohamed Reda Kachmar ,&nbsp;Khalil Hammani ,&nbsp;Ghizlane Echchgadda ,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the importance of discovering novel and more efficient antifungal and antibacterial agents, this study aims to enhance the value of <em>Plumbago europaea</em> L. by confirming its antimicrobial activities through molecular docking, which provides insights into how a molecule interacts with the receptor of bacterial or fungal strains. To achieve this, several complementary steps were taken. First, <em>Plumbago europaea</em> L. was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening using HPLC. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method, while antibacterial and antifungal activities were also assessed. The results of this study demonstrate that the plant is rich in active phenolic content (ranging from 43 to 71 mg GAE/gE) and flavonoid content (ranging from 19 to 44 QE/gE), with notable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ values obtained for ethanolic, aqueous, and hexanoic extracts by the DPPH assay are 11.206 μg/mL, 57.209 μg/mL, and 60.601 μg/mL, respectively). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, and salicylic acid in both extracts of the studied plant. The biological evaluation of the plant extracts showed significant inhibition against the fungal strains <em>Penicillium expansum</em> and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. <em>Plumbago europaea</em> L. exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Micrococcus luteus</em>, but did not affect gram-negative bacteria such as <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Furthermore, all compounds designed according to Lipinski's rule of five met the established criteria for molecular docking, except for ‘rutin’, which failed to meet any of the criteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on <em>Plumbago europaea</em> L., highlighting the importance of an in-depth analysis to thoroughly explore its biological potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of bioactive plant compounds against WHO priority fungal pathogens","authors":"Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves ,&nbsp;Renata Pereira Costa ,&nbsp;Camila Innocente-Alves ,&nbsp;Gabriel do Nascimento Soares ,&nbsp;Eduardo Silva Lima ,&nbsp;Laura Rascovetzki Saciloto-de-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Lysangela Ronalte Alves ,&nbsp;Marilene Henning Vainstein ,&nbsp;Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva ,&nbsp;Lucélia Santi","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of priority fungal pathogens, including 19 neglected mycoses categorized as critical, high, or medium priority. Many of these pathogens are listed due to limited effective treatment options, often stemming from restricted access to medications or the development of drug resistance that compromises treatment efficacy. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have emerged as promising sources of natural antimicrobial agents. Various chemical classes, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and essential oils, have demonstrated notable activity against pathogenic microorganisms, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, many of these compounds exhibit synergistic effects when used in combination with conventional drugs. This review aims to compile plant-derived biomolecules with antifungal activity against the WHO-priority fungal pathogens. While pathogens such as <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> have been extensively studied in this context, others, like <em>Candida auris</em>, remain underexplored. Therefore, this review seeks to bridge the gap in natural product-based treatments by presenting these biomolecules as potential leads for the development of new antifungal therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic biology approaches for restoring gut microbial balance and engineering disease-specific microbiome therapeutics","authors":"Timoth Mkilima","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in regulating digestion, immune function, and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of this microbial equilibrium, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly linked to chronic conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Conventional interventions, such as probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), often yield inconsistent results due to individual microbiome variability and limited ecological stability. Engineered artificial microbial consortia (AMCs) have emerged as a next-generation strategy for precision modulation of the gut microbiome. This review critically examines cutting-edge advances in synthetic biology, CRISPR-based genome editing, metabolic engineering, and multi-omics integration that underpin the rational design of AMCs targeted to disease-specific microbial dysfunctions. Notably, this work presents an ecological precision engineering framework that integrates regional microbiome ecotypes, diet-responsive modular design, and adaptive metabolic modelling to ensure cross-population compatibility and stability. Enabling technologies, such as gut-on-a-chip platforms, high-throughput co-culture screening, and ecological modelling, are explored in the context of optimizing AMC performance across diverse host environments. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential for AMC-based therapeutics to be equitably scaled through regionally adapted templates, thereby extending microbiome-based healthcare to low-resource settings. By bridging ecological diversity and therapeutic specificity, this review presents a globally relevant roadmap for developing reproducible, adaptable, and inclusive microbiome interventions within the broader framework of precision medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-peptide conjugates as alternatives to conventional antibiotics for treating infections caused by hospital-associated ESKAPE pathogens: A systematic review","authors":"Yadollah Bahrami ,&nbsp;Aryan Darvishi ,&nbsp;Keyghobad Ghadiri ,&nbsp;Sara Mohammadzadeh ,&nbsp;Roya Chegene Lorestani ,&nbsp;Hamid Madanchi ,&nbsp;Mosayeb Rostamian","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative method for treating antibiotic-resistant strains of hospital-associated ESKAPE pathogens (including <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and species of Enterobacter), which shows promise as an alternative to traditional antibiotics, involves the development of antibiotic-peptide conjugates (APCs). This systematic review evaluates existing research on the potential of APCs for combating ESKAPE bacteria. Relevant studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were collected, filtered for inclusion, and relevant data were extracted using pre-designed tables, including authorship, study type, and assay results. After screening 6934 records, 16 original studies were selected for detailed analysis. Most in vitro studies assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of APCs, which showed better results than traditional antibiotics in 48 instances, while in 41 cases no significant advantages was observed. Additionally, animal model studies confirmed the effectiveness of APCs. The findings indicate that while APCs can serve as promising alternatives to antibiotics, further research is needed to optimize their design and effectiveness against resistant ESKAPE bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing an effective phage cocktail against Klebsiella pneumoniaecovering metallo-β-lactamases producing multi-drug resistant clinical isolates.","authors":"Paschalis Paranos, Dimitrios Skliros, Nikita Zrelovs, Maria Siopi, Karina Svanberga, Andris Kazaks, Marios Kostakis, Nikolaos Thomaidis, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Joseph Meletiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the ECDC in 2023, Greece presented 69.7% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).. Samples from the largest Athens' sewage treatment plant (n=50), rectal swabs (n=50), and stool (n=10) from ICU and pediatric patients were screened for phages using the double-layer agar method. Plaque morphology, genomic features, biological properties (host range, phage adsorption time and rate, latent period length and burst size) and growth inhibition kinetics were determined for all isolated phages. Phage tissue distribution and efficacy against a dominant ST11 CRKP clinical isolate were assessed in murine thigh infection model. A cocktail from different phages was designed based on biological characteristics and host range spectrum. In total 7 distinct bacteriophages were isolated from different samples 5 Drulisvirus, 1 Webevirus and 1 Przondovirus with varied lytic activity against 40% (18%-50%) of all isolates in host-range studies and 51% (41%-85%) growth inhibition at the lowest MOI 0.00001 in growth curve experiments. The median (range) adsorption rate, time, latent phase and burst size in one-step growth experiments were 94 (88-97)%, 6 (2-10) min, 25 (15-40) min, and 63 (47-160) PFU/infected cell, respectively. Phages were rapidly distributed in different organs with high concentrations up to 8h and a 4log kill was found with the highest dose 10⁹ PFU/mouse. A cocktail of 5 phages was effective against 87.5% of ESBL, NDM and VIM-producing isolates. Several phages with potent lytic activity and different host spectrum range against CRKP isolates were found. The 5-phage cocktail could be used for phage therapy of CRKP infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and fungal quorum sensing interactions with human cells; mechanisms and potential therapeutical applications","authors":"Mona Sadat Mirtaleb ,&nbsp;Behnaz Bakhshandeh ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohammadipanah ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Reihaneh Seyed Shirazi ,&nbsp;Amir Reza Mobashery","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quorum sensing (QS) molecules produced by the microbiota serve as critical mediators in host-microbe communication, influencing both microbial behavior and host cellular responses. These signaling compounds—including acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), autoinducer-2 (AI-2), indoles, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—interact with intestinal epithelial cells and components of the immune system, regulating inflammation, barrier integrity, and immune modulation. Special emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms involving host enzymes, which together form a complex signaling network with QS molecules. Understanding this microbial-host cross-talk not only enhances our knowledge of gastrointestinal health and disease but also presents promising avenues for the development of QS-based therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The synthesis of quorum sensing regulatory factors by human cells is vital for maintaining microbial balance and reducing the risk of infection. This study examines the effects of pathogenic quorum-sensing molecules on immune responses, cancer progression, and neurological disorders. QS inhibitors could serve as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling antibiotic-resistant human pathogens. Knowledge of signaling molecules combined with genetic engineering, omics technologies, and machine learning approaches holds great promise for the future of disease prevention and treatment. Our comprehensive review elucidates the potential role of QS molecules in disease development and progression, providing insights to facilitate their widespread application. Considering the prevalence of microbial pathogenesis and its associated direct and indirect costs to individuals and society, comprehensive reviews like this are essential for broadening the scope of potential therapeutic strategies in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary tract infection, bacteremia and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis in Algeria: First report of Salmonella case isolated from urine in Algeria at Ben badis constantine hospital","authors":"Riyane Rihane ,&nbsp;Abla Hecini-Hannachi ,&nbsp;Bouthaina Hasnaoui ,&nbsp;Chafia Bentchouala ,&nbsp;Kaddour Benlabed ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Rolain ,&nbsp;Seydina M. Diene","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107897","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Infectious diseases caused by &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; are typically associated with gastrointestinal manifestations, such as gastroenteritis. However, there exists a subset of cases wherein &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; strains have been identified as the causative agents of rare infections affecting the urinary tract. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly attributed to bacterial species like &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;, but emerging research has documented instances of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; species inciting UTIs, albeit infrequently. The mechanisms underlying &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt;'s ability to breach the urinary tract barriers and cause infections remain a subject of investigation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Exploring these rare occurrences of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt;-induced urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections is imperative for a comprehensive understanding the pathogenic potential of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; beyond its conventional manifestations. This research aims to shed light on the epidemiology, clinical features, and potential mechanisms involved in these infrequent but significant &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt;-associated infections such insights are vital for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, informing treatment strategies, and enhancing our broader understanding of the diverse clinical impact of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In a prospective monocentric cohort study at Benbadis University Teaching Hospital's Bacteriology Laboratory, Constantine, Algeria, conducted from September 2018 to March 2019, non-redundant &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; strains were collected from diverse patients, including children and adults across departments and the intensive care unit (ICU). These strains underwent bacterial culture, identification using API 20E and MALDI TOF MS, and serotyping. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing employed various antibiotics, and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) detection utilized the disk diffusion method with EUCAST guidelines. Molecular investigation via RT-PCR targeted ESBL resistance genes, employing BioRobot EZ1 for extraction and Real-Time PCR. The study unveiled insights into antibiotic resistance patterns and gene prevalence in &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; strains within the region.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study involved the analysis of 35 different &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; strains were isolated during the specified period. The sample types comprised 28 (80 %) stool, 4 (11 %) urine and 3 (9 %) blood isolates. This distribution highlights that the majority of the testing focused on stool samples, with a smaller but significant proportion dedicated to urine and blood analysis, Our findings offer a substantial contribution to the understanding of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; infections within Algeria. Notably, our study is the first to report the isolation of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; from a urine sample in the country, highlighting a previously undocumented aspect of &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/e","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and mechanisms of compound Bai Mao Yin in regulating uric acid transport and improving the intestinal microbiota to alleviate hyperuricemia via the enterorenal axis","authors":"Wu-Jin Chen ,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Jing-Ru Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi He ,&nbsp;Dong-Qing An ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Tian ,&nbsp;Mei-Ting Liang ,&nbsp;Dilinuer Aikepa ,&nbsp;Mayina Kahaer ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The compound <em>Bai Mao Yin</em> (BMY) has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in reducing uric acid (UA) levels; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The UA-lowering effects of BMY were evaluated in a cohort of 40 patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) who received BMY treatment for 90 days. Fecal samples were collected at baseline (day 0), mid-treatment (day 30), and post-treatment (day 90) for metagenomic sequencing to analyze changes in gut microbiota and identify potential BMY targets in HUA. These clinical findings were validated in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by xanthine and potassium oxonate. Mouse fecal samples were analyzed via 16S rDNA (V3-V4 region) sequencing to assess microbiota shifts. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from BMY-treated mice to HUA mice and in vitro cell experiments using HK2 cells were conducted to investigate the roles of BMY and the reconstructed microbiota in UA metabolism, renal UA transport, and inflammation through upstream signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinical cohort studies demonstrated that the BMY effectively lowers UA levels in patients with HUA without inducing hepatorenal toxicity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of metagenomic data revealed that BMY modulates the gut microbiota and influences ATP-binding cassette transporters and UA metabolism-related pathways. In animal models, BMY increased the relative abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, reduced intestinal permeability, and regulated UA transporters in both intestinal and renal systems, contributing to UA reduction. In vitro assays showed that BMY directly decreased UA levels in the cell supernatant and suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by downregulating the TLR4/MYD88/NFκB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compound BMY was found to improve the intestinal microenvironment and modulate UA transport via the enterorenal axis, effectively reducing HUA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}